Sankalpa Suryodaya of Venkatanatha (Critical Study)
by R. Laxmi | 1998 | 94,004 words
This is an English study of the Sankalpa Suryodaya—an allegorical Sanskrit drama by Venkatanatha, a distinguished philosopher-poet and dramatist of the Vishishtadvaita Vedanta tradition. This work of Venkata-natha (or, Vedanta Deshika). stands out for integrating allegory to convey moral and philosophical truths. The thesis examines its place in Sa...
Manuals of Shri-vaishnava Religion and Esotericism
Venkatanatha's manuals are marked with two objectives - spreading the ideas and ideals of Srivaisnavism and preservation of Religion and Philosophy of the Alvars and the Acaryas. 1. Nyasadasakam: This is a short poem consisting of ten significant verses in Anustub metre dealing with the doctrine of Prapatti or self-surrender unto the Supreme Deity, Varadaraja of Kanci. 2. Nyasavimsati : This is another work on Nyasa or Prapatti which is a means to God realisation. It runs into twenty verses touching one after the other, upon pre-requisites, the essentials and the consummation of Nyasa or Prapatti. This work is commented upon by himself, and Srinivasa too. Another commentary upon it by Nadadur Venkataramacarya in Manipravala language is available. 3. Vairagyapancakam: As the title of the work itself indicates, this work speaks of five kinds of complete indifference to the worldly objects. The five 14. Note: The details of each of the works have been taken from Satyavrata Singh's Work, Vedanta Desika: His Life Works and Philosophy - A Study.
8 stanzas embodying this work give reply to the royal invitation from the Vijayanagara Court. Although lucid in expression, this poem is full of significance for Srivaisnavism. An exposition of these five verses in Tamil by Veer Raghavacarya is available. 4. Haridinatilakam: This work of seventeen Sragdhara verses discusses the performance of Ekadasi by Srivaisnavas. 5. Yajnopavitapratistha: This small work of nine verses in Sragdhara metre explains the rituals of wearing the Yajnopavita and the esotericism of the mantras accompanying it. 6. Vaisvadevakarika: Its nine Sragdhara verses represent the observance of the Vaisvadevayajna in the scheme of the Srivaisnava ethics of the Pancakala-krtya. 7. Srivalsnavadinakarya : It is a work of ten verses written in Tamil. It summarises the details regarding daily religious duties of Srivaisnavas in the spirit of the Pancaratra Samhitas. 8. Arthapancakam: This is a popular Tamil work in eleven verses. The author emphasizes here five spiritual disciplines of Srivaisnava religion. Those are : i. the nature of Supreme Brahman, ii. nature of jiva, iii. the means of spiritual attainment, iv. the results of spiritual attainment, and V. obstacles in the way of attaining the goal. 9. Pannirunamam : Consisting of thirteen verses, it discusses the significance of the twelve pundras and the nama on the body of a Srivaisnavas. 10. Aharaniyamam: As the very title indicates, in twenty one Tamil verses, this work prescribes the types of food for a Srivaisnava, suitable for leading a life of religious discipline.
9 11. Tirumantracurukku 12. Dvayacurukku 13. Caramaslokacurukku 14. Tattvanavanitam 15. Rahasyanavanitam These small hand-books in Tamil, describe Srivaisnava spiritualism, bringing out the significance of Prapatti. These two works are composed in Manipravala style to expound important tenets of the Ramanuja philosophy. 16. Upakara-sangraham: Written in Tamil, it explains the manifestations of Divine Providence in the life of man. 17. Sara-sangraham: It expounds the principles of Srivaisnava ethics in Tamil verses. 18. Munivahanabhogam: It is written in Manipravala style. It is commented upon by Tiruppanalvars, Amalanadippiran, expressing the mystic experiences of the ancient Tamil sage. 19. Madhurakavihrdyam: This work in Manipravala style, is a commentary on Madhurakavi's Kanninumsiruttambu. It is not available at present. 20. Tattvatrayaculukam and 21. Rahasyatrayaculukam or Sarasanksepa : These are the short Tamil treatises written on the truths of Visistadvaita philosophy and the ideals of Srivaisnava religion respectively. 22. Saradipam or Rahasyatraya-sardadipam: It is a Tamil work. It seems. that it is a summary of the Rahasya-trayasaram as referred to by Mahacarya. 23. Nigamaparimalam and 24. Stheya Virodham: These are the great expositions on the prabandhas but they are not available now. 25. Guruparamparasaram: This is written in Tamil. It propagates the cult of the worship of the propounders of the Srivaisnava religion.
10 26. Virodhapariharam : It is a rejoinder to the points of contraversy arising in the Rahasyatrayasaram of Vedanta Desika. 27-34. Tattvasikhamani, Mummanikovai, Navaratnamalai, Punduppa, Kajalpa, Ammanepa, Usalpa, Esalpa: These works are not available now, yet they have been referred to by Mahacarya in his Vaibhava-prakasika. Hence these works are believed to be composed by Vedanta Desika. verses. 35. Adaikalapattu: This is a devotional Tamil poem on Prapatti in eleven 36. Tiruchinnamalai : This is written in Tamil. It is on the bugle-song glorifying the Varadaraja procession at Kanci during the Brahmotsava festival. 37. Anjalivaibhava: It is a Saranagati song in Tamil. 38. Rahasya-sikhamani : This again is a work expounding the Srivaisnava ideals of Prapatti in Manipravala style. 39. Abhayapradanasaram : This expounds the Srivaisnava concept of Divine Providence. 40. Sarasaram : This work in Tamil embodies the principles of Srivaisnava religion and philosophy. 41. Pradhanasatakam: This is a Tamil work on Srivaisnavism. 42-45. Rahasyaratnavali-hrdayam, Rahasyaratnavali, Tattvaratnavalipratipadyasamgraham: These are Tamil treatises on Srivaisnava esotericism and mysticism. 46-48. Rahasya-sandesa-vivaranam, Rahasya-sandesam and Tattvasandesam: These are the three of the four famous treatises of Vedanta Desika written with a view to initiating the prince, Sarvajna Singappa into the idealism of the Srivaisnava religion.
11 49-50. Rahasyamatrka and Tattvamatrka : These are short Tamil manuals of the Srivaisnava sadhana of spiritualism. 51-52. Rahasyapadavi and Tattvapadavi: These two are written in Tamil to propagate the religion of Ramanuja. 53. Sampradayaparisuddhi : It is written in Manipravala. This deals with the ideas and the ideals of Munitraya-sampradaya. 54. Aradhanakarika: As the very title indicates, in two simple verses it describes the method of worshipping the God. 55. Prabandhasaram: In eighteen Tamil verses, it is in praise of twelve Alvars the great seers of Srivaisnavism. 56. Hastigirimahatmyam: Written in Manipravala, it describes the history of Kancipuram in the style of the Puranic texts. Lord Varadaraja of Kanci has been glorified herein. 57. Paramapadasopanam: Written in Manipravala, it establishes the Srivaisnava sadhana of Prapatti to the exclusion of the other means of the realisation of the Divine.