365bet娱乐

In the Rgveda, the oldest scripture of India, the name of Visnu Gopa is found which admits the association of Visnu(Krsna) with the Gopas: 72 The Padma Purana, the Brahmavaivarta Purana, the Devibhagavatam, the Matsya Purana, the Varaha-purana, the Markandeyapurana, the Vayu-purana, the Brahmandapurana define Radha significantly but in a scanty manner. The texts like Radhatapini, Krsnatapini, the Radhikopanisad, the Purusavodhini, the Samarahasyopanisad also express about Radha. The Harivamsa and the Bhagavatam provides the affectionate play of Krsna and the cowherds. 73 The name of Radha occurs only once in the Damayanti Katha (early tenth century) and once in the Yasastilakacampu (A.D. 959) and the passages are spare in detail relating to Radha.74 Introduction of Radha as a character of literature has developed in the local poems of different regions. Then she was established in 71. Panda, B., Ed. Sri Gitagovindamahakavyam, p.66 72. Ibid, p.63 73. Ibid, p.1-24 74. Miller, B.S., Ed. The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva, p.31 26

the Sanskrit literature. In the second century A.D. the famous historical story of south-India named the 'Silappadikaram' the Krsna-lila was clearly described. In the first century A.D. the king Hala Satavahana wrote a Prakrta text named Gahasattasai in which he explained the vrajalila and the affectionate relation with Radha. B.S. Miller presents the examples of Radha-Krsna literature from 76 different sources with original texts. In brief those are as follows - 鈥� In the Sattasai of Hala (dated first to seventh centuries by various scholars) Krsna removing the cowdust from Radha with his breath of mouth. 77 鈥� In the Gaudavaha of Vakpati (seventh/ eight century) the nailmarks of Radha are shining on Krsna's chest.' 78 鈥� In the Venisamhara of Bhatta Narayana (eight ce.) Krsna followed Radha in the Rasa dance on sandbanks of the Yamunariver. 鈥� In the Dhvanyaloka of Anandavardhana (mid-nineth ce.) Krsna tries to satisfy and make Radha favourable towards him.79 鈥� In the commentary of Abhinavagupta (early tenth ce.) when Krsna leaves the Vrrndavana Radha was embarrassed with choked voice and came with heavy tears. 鈥� In the Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (late nineth or early tenth ce.) Krsna remembering the love of Radha make jealousy to goddess Sri. 75. Upadyaya, Baladeva, Bharatiya Vanmayame Sriradha, p.216 76. Sri Gitagovinda Mahakavyam, pp. 59-65 77. Upadhyaya, Baladeva, Bharatiya Vanmayame Sriradha, p.217 78. Miller, B.S., Ed. The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva, p.29 79. Ibid, p.30 27

鈥� In the inscription of Vakpati-munja (dated late nineth ce.) Krsna remembering the love of Radha as a deserted lover and thus Laksmi's face can't make him happy. 鈥� In the Sarasvati Kanthabharana of Bhoja (eleventh ce.) - may the god who gracefully toys with Radha's cloth on the surface of her breasts protect you.80 鈥� In the Dasavataracarita of Ksemendra (eleventh ce.) Radha became most beloved for the joy of Krsna like a jasmine for a bee. 鈥� In the Subhasitaratnakosa of Vidyakara (later half of eleventh ce.) May Hari glanced at jealously by Radha bring you joy. The pilgrims sing the songs of the secret love of Madhava and Radha. In the Vikramankadevacarita of Bilhana (late eleventh ce.) Krsna is emerging in the memory of graceful Radha. 82 鈥� In the Siddhahemasabdanusasana of Hemacandra (late eleventhce.) Hari is dancing with Radha in joy. 83 鈥� In the eighth ce. when Sankaracarya declared the duel-opinion it ws opposed by the later Vaisnavas. The Vaisnava saints of Nimbarka sect worshipped Radha and Krsna. They opined devotion is better than knowledge and Radha is the eternal beloved of Krsna. The theory of Nimbarka sect encouraged Jayadeva to write the Gitagovindam.84 80. Miller, B.S., Ed. The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva, p.31 81. Upadhyaya, Baladeva, Bharatiya Vanmayame Sriradha, p.228 82. Ibid, p.35 83. Ibid. 84. Patnaik, Asutosh, Vaisnava sahitya tattva, p.45 28