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Gopa, ҴDZ, Go-pa: 25 definitions

Introduction:

Gopa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Gopa (गो�) refers to “cowherds� (while ҴDZ refers to cowherdesses), according to the Śivapurṇa 2.2.25. Accordingly as R峾a narrated to Satī:—“[...] after conferring thus unlimited prosperity on Viṣṇu, Śiva, the consort of Śiv, freely sported about at Kaila along with His attendants. Thenceforth lord of Lakṣmī assumed the guise of a cowherd. The lord of cowherds (gopa), cowherdesses (DZ) and the cows (go) wandered there with pleasure. [...]’�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Gopa (गो�).—A Tuṣita god.*

  • * Vyu-purṇa 62. 9.

1b) Connected with Devas, lived in Vraja;1 their joy at the birth of Kṛṣṇa.2 Vanacaras with no settled home; left Bṛhadvana for Brindvana in view of certain ominous portents. They travelled in bullock carts accompanied by music of ūⲹ. A residential construction was put up by arranging their carts in a semi-circle.3 Their concern at Kṛṣṇa being caught by Klīya, and their joy at his escape.4 Pleased at Pralamba's (s.v.) death.5 While Arjuna was guarding Kṛṣṇa's wives after his decease, the Gopas overpowered him.6 Supplied butter and ghee to Kaṃs.7

  • 1) Bhgavata-purṇa X. 1. 62; 2-7.
  • 2) Ib. 5. 14.
  • 3) Ib. 11. 30-36; Viṣṇu-purṇa V. 7. 18; 10. 26, 33.
  • 4) Bhgavata-purṇa X. 17. 14.
  • 5) Ib. 18. 30.
  • 6) Ib. I. 15. 20-21.
  • 7) Viṣṇu-purṇa V. 15-22.
Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुरा�, purṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd Edition

Gopa (गो�) refers to:—A cowherd, either child or adult. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).

: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam

Gopa (गो�) refers to:—A cowherd boy or man; one who protects the cows; one who serves Kṛṣṇa in the mood of intimate friendship. Gopa may also refer to the senior gopas headed by Nanda Mahrja, who serve Kṛṣṇa in the mood of parental affection. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhgavat峾ṛta).

Vaishnavism book cover
context information

Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Gopa (गो�) refers to “shepherds�, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhit (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the sun and moon should begin to be eclipsed when only half risen, deceitful men will suffer as well as sacrificial rites. [...] If the sun and moon should be eclipsed when in the sign of Aries (Meṣa), the Pñclas, the Kaliṅgas, the Sūrasenas, the people of K峾boja, of Odra, of Kirta, soldiers and persons who live by fire will be afflicted with miseries. If the sun or moon should be eclipsed when in the sign of Taurus (Vṛṣabha), shepherds [i.e., gopa], cows, their owners and eminent men will suffer miseries�.

Jyotisha book cover
context information

Jyotisha (ज्योति�, dzپṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy� or “Vedic astrology� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Gopa (गो�) refers to a “herdsman�, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to V峾adeva: “[...] Not knowing the highest reality, which is situated within himself, the confused man goes astray [looking for it] in the scriptures, [just as] the foolish herdsman (gopa) looks in a well while the [missing] goat is [being held] under his armpit. [...]�.

Yoga book cover
context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as anas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Gopa (गो�) or ŚDZ󲹳ṇḍī refers to one of the sixteen varieties of Maṇḍalī snakes, according to the Kśyapa Saṃhit: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pñcartra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikits—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidy or Sarpavidy).—Kśyapa sources his antidotes from a multitude plants, a few minerals, salts and animal products available in nature. All these plants fall under various groups called gaṇas, as pronounced by the Ayurvedic Nigaṇṭus.

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

ҴDZ (गोपा) or Gopiya is one of the two wifes of the Buddha according to the 2nd century Mahprajñramitśtra (chapter XXVIII). Accordingly, “the Bodhisattva Śkyamuni had two wives: the first was called K’iu p’i ye (Gopiya or ҴDZ), the second Ye chou t’o lo (۲śǻ󲹰) or Ye chou t’o lo heou lo mou (۲śǻ󲹰 Rhulamt). ҴDZ, being sterile (bandhya), had no children. ۲śǻ󲹰 knew she was pregnant (ṇ�) the same night that the Bodhisattva left home (pravrajita). After his departure, the Bodhisattva practiced asceticism (ṣk) for six years; ۲śǻ󲹰 was pregnant also for six years without giving birth�.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahyna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñramit ūٰ.

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India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Gopa.�(EI 24), a watchman. (HD), officer in charge of the royal cattle; officer over five or ten villages according to the Arthaśtra, II. 35. (HRS), according to the Arthaśtra, (1) officer in charge of five or ten villages with revenue and police functions; (2) officer in charge of ten, twenty or forty families in the city; similar to the Paṭel, or Paṭvrī (H. Rev. Syst., pp. 146-47). Note: gopa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Biology (plants and animals)

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Gopa in India is the name of a plant defined with Allium sativum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Porrum ophioscorodon (Link) Rchb. (among others).

2) Gopa is also identified with Ichnocarpus frutescens It has the synonym Quirivelia zeylanica Poir. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· The Flora of Tripura State. (1981)
· Flora Cochinchinensis (1790)
· Obs. Pl. Nov. (1871)
· Flora van Nederlandsch Indië (1857)
· Notizbl. Bot. Gart. BerlinDahlem (1931)
· Gardeners Dictionary, ed. 8

If you are looking for specific details regarding Gopa, for example diet and recipes, health benefits, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, side effects, extract dosage, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

gōpa (गो�).—m (S) A caste or an individual of it. They are cowherds and milkmen. 2 An ornament for the neck or waist. It is of gold or of stoutlytwisted silk &c. 3 A kind of grass.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

gōpa (गो�).�m A cowherd or milkman-caste or an individual of it. An ornament for the neck or waist.

--- OR ---

gōpa (गो�) [or gōpacindana, or गोपचिंदन].�n White clay. Fig. Des- truction, devastation.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Gopa (गो�).�(-ī f.) [gup-ac]

1) One who guards or protects; शालिगोप्यो जगुर्यशः (śligopyo jaguryaśa�) R.4.2.

2) Hiding. concealment.

3) Reviling, abuse.

4) Flurry, agitation.

5) Light, lustre, splendour.

Derivable forms: DZ貹� (गोपः).

--- OR ---

Gopa (गो�).—See under गुप् (gup).

Derivable forms: DZ貹� (गोपः).

See also (synonyms): gopana.

--- OR ---

Gopa (गो�).�

1) a cowherd (considered as belonging to a mixed tribe); गोपवेशस्� विष्णो� (gopaveśasya viṣṇo�) Meghadūta 15.

2) the chief of a cowpen.

3) the superintendent of a village.

4) a king.

5) a protector, guardian; ṻ岹 1.61.1. °Բī the wood of a thatch; गोपानसीषु क्षणमास्थितानाम् (DZnasīṣu kṣaṇamthitn峾) Śiśulavadha 3.49. °ṣṭī the eighth day of the bright fortnight of Krttika when Kṛṣṇa is said to have worn the dress of a cowherd. °ṭa a cowherd. °kany 1 the daughter of a cowherd.

2) a nymph of Vṛndvana. °adhyakṣa�, °indra�, °īśa� the chief of herdsmen, an epithet of Kṛṣṇa. °貹� the rainbow. °岹� the betel-nut tree. °󲹻 the fibrous root of a water-lily. °� gum myrrh. °ṣṭ� (pl.) Name of a people. °वधूः (ū�) f. a cowherd's wife; Bhgavata 1.9.4. °वधूटी (ūṭ�) a young cowherdess, a young wife of a cowherd; गोपवधूटीदुकूलचौराय (gopaūṭīdukūlacaurya) Bhṣ� P.1. (-貹첹�) 1 the superintendent of a district.

2) myrrh. (-) 1 a cowherdess; Bhgavata 1.9.14-15.

2) protectress.

-ī a cowherd's wife (especially applied to the cowherdesses of Vṛndvana, the companions of Kṛṣṇa in his juvenile sports).

Derivable forms: DZ貹� (गोपः).

Gopa is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms go and pa (�).

--- OR ---

ҴDZ (गोपा).�m. Ved.

1) a herdsman.

2) protector, or guardian; मन्द्राग्र�- त्वरी भुवनस्� गोपा (mandrgre- tvarī bhuvanasya DZ) Av.2.1.57.

Derivable forms: DZ� (गोपा�).

ҴDZ is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms go and (पा).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Gopa (गो�).—name of a son of Khaṇḍa (2): ū-پ岹-վԲⲹ ii.4.3 ff.

--- OR ---

ҴDZ (गोपा).�(also Goī and Go辱, qq.v.; in Pali a Skiya girl named Goī or Go辱 is known, but not identified with the Bodhisattva's wife), name of a Śkya girl, who in Lalitavistara and ܱṇadzٳٲūٰ becomes the wife of the Bodhisattva (in most other texts he marries ۲śǻ󲹰, q.v.): Lalitavistara 142.8 ff. (daughter of Daṇḍaṇi); 157.4 ff.; 194.7 ff.; 230.3 ff.; 237.19; ܱṇadzٳٲūٰ 200.8; in Ѳ屹ܳٱ貹ٳپ 1071 Goī or ҴDZ, named next to ۲śǻ󲹰, but there is no reason to assume their identification (Mironov reads ҴDZ without v.l.); in Ҳṇḍū 385.6 ff. ҴDZ occurs as a Śkya-kany, who in 420.19 is the daughter of Daṇḍaṇi (like the ҴDZ of Lalitavistara), but there is here no suggestion that she married the Bodhisat- tva, tho she mentions him 419.20 (as well as Vairocana, 396.23).

--- OR ---

ҴDZ (गोपा) or Go辱.�(and Goī), wife of the Bodhisattva: °kya (gen.) Lalitavistara 235.21 (verse); °ke (voc.) 237.13 (verse); ū-پ岹-վԲⲹ iv.233.17 (but in 234.14 ۲śǻ󲹰).

--- OR ---

ҴDZ (गोपा) or Goī.—q.v.: Ѳ屹ܳٱ貹ٳپ 1071 v.l. for ҴDZ (but Mironov only ҴDZ, no v.l.); as the Bodhisattva's wife, Gopi (voc.) Lalitavistara 235.22; 237.11 (both verses).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Gopa (गो�).—mfn.

(-貹�--pa�) 1. A helper, a friend or patron. 2. A preserver, a cherisher. 3. Who or what hides or conceals. m.

(-貹�) 1. Superintendent of a district. 2. The head of a cowpen. 3. A herdsman, a cowherd, a milkman by caste and occupation. 4. A king. 5. A Myrrh: see goparasa. f. (- or ) A plant, (Echites frutescens) f.

(-) A milk-woman, a female cowherd. f. () 1. A cowherd’s wife, but especially applied to those of Brindaban, the companions and objects of Krishna'S juvenile sports, and who are considered sometimes as holy or celestial personages. 2. A protectress. 3. Nature, elementary nature. E. go the earth &c. and pa what preserves; also in some sense gup to hide, to protect, &c. affix ka, fem. affix ṭp or ṅīṣ, g� bhūmi� v ti rakṣati -ka .

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Gopa (गो�).—[go-pa] (vb. 2. ), I. m. 1. A cowherd, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 8, 231. 2. A preserver, Mahbhrata 13, 1375. 3. A name of Kṛṣṇa, Mahbhrata 12, 1438. Ii. f. ī, A cowherd’s wife, [ᾱٴDZ貹ś] 64, 7; a milk-maid, [Gītagovinda. ed. Lassen.] 2, 21.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Gopa (गो�).—[masculine] cow-keeper, cowherd ([feminine] ī), keeper or guardian i.[grammar], [Epithet] of Kṛṣṇa.

--- OR ---

ҴDZ (गोपा).—[masculine] cowherd, guardian, protector; [feminine] the wife of a cowherd etc.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Gopa (गो�):—[=go-pa] [from go] a etc. See sub voce

2) ҴDZ (गोपा):—[=go-] [from go] a m. ([nominative case] [accusative] [dual number] or au [plural] [nominative case] [instrumental case] bhis) a herdsman, guardian, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Vjasaneyi-saṃhit; Taittirīya-brhmaṇa iii; Chndogya-upaniṣad; Śvetśvatara-upaniṣad]

3) [v.s. ...] f. () a female guardian, [Atharva-veda xii, 1, 57; Taittirīya-brhmaṇa iii] (cf. gopa sub voce, a-, deva-, vyu-, saha-, soma-, su-DZ)

4) Gopa (गो�):—[=go-pa] b m. (= - sub voce go) a cowherd, herdsman, milkman (considered as a man of mixed caste, [Parśara-smṛti]), [Manu-smṛti viii; Mahbhrata] (ifc. f(). , [i, 3213]), [Harivaṃśa] etc.

5) [v.s. ...] a protector, guardian, [Ṛg-veda x, 61, 10; Tṇḍya-brhmaṇa; Ktyyana-śrauta-sūtra; Mahbhrata]

6) [v.s. ...] the superintendent of several villages, head of a district, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] a king, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] ‘chief herdsman�, Kṛṣṇa, [Mahbhrata ii, 1438]

9) [v.s. ...] a particular class of plants, [Bhgavata-purṇa xii, 8, 21]

10) [v.s. ...] = -rasa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] Name of a Gandharva (cf. go-pati), [R峾yaṇa ii, 91, 44]

12) [v.s. ...] of a, [Buddhist literature] Arhat, [Horace H. Wilson]

13) ҴDZ (गोपा):—[=go-] [from go-pa] b f. Name of one of the wives of Śkya-muni, [Lalita-vistara xii etc.]

14) [v.s. ...] cf. gaupeya

15) [v.s. ...] Ichnocarpus frutescens, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Gopa (गो�):—[go-pa] (貹�) 1. m. Superintendent of a district; a herdsman; a helper; a king. f. (, ī) Echites frutescens. f. A milkmaid. ī cowherd’s wife; nature.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Gopa (गो�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Gova, Govaa, Govya.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Prakrit-English dictionary

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

ҴDZ (गोपा) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Goṃ�.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Gōpa (ಗೋ�):�

1) [noun] Vṛṣabha, the chief or best of bulls.

2) [noun] one who tends cows; a cowherd.

3) [noun] an epithet of Kṛṣṇa, a cowherd.

4) [noun] the chief of a cow-pen.

5) [noun] the sun (as the one having rays).

6) [noun] the moon (who is mythologically said to be the lord of stars).

7) [noun] Indra, the lord of the heaven.

8) [noun] a male sovereign or monarch, who usu. holds by life tenure, and by hereditary right, the chief authority over a country and people; a king.

9) [noun] (masc.) a government revenue official in-charge of or administrator of, a district or a group of villages.

10) [noun] Mēru, regarded as chief of mountains.

11) [noun] (myth.) Garuḍa, the chief of birds.

12) [noun] Śiva, the master of Vṛṣabha.

13) [noun] Brahma, the consort of Speech-Goddess Sarasvati.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Gopa (गो�):—n. 1. cowherd; herdsman; 2. a protector or possessor of cows;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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