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The meaning of diksha is initiation. Initiation is a process in which the initiate adopts a mantra from the adept and becomes a member of that group or 157 Sri-vidyarnava-tantra ch. XIX 158 Sri-vidyarnava-tantra ch.II 159 Sri-vidyarnava-tantra ch II 160 Sri-vidyarnava-tantra ch. II

community. 161. In the Agama works some types of diksa are mentioned for the Sivacarya such as Samaya- diksa, Visesa- diksa and Nirvana- diksa¹62. The tantras speak of different types of diksa such as Mantri- diksa Varna- diksa, Kala- diksa, Vedha- diksa, Sparsa- diksa, Vag- diksa, Drgdiksa, and Sambhavi- diksa. The process of initiation starts one day prior to the actual day of initiation. The disciple approaches the Guru and observes religious discipline. The next day, after homa etc... the Guru instructs the disciple into the discipline. The initiation is laid down only for the male members 164. The different types of initiation are explained in brief. Varna - diksa. This initiation is prescribed for a child. In this the guru identifies the different letters of the mantra into the body of the child- sadhaka. By the dint of austerities, the Guru enjoins divinity into the sadhaka by the Samhara-method. The Guru again, by the Anga-nyasa performed on the sadhaka this time by the sristi-method makes the sadhaka divine souled and the sadhaka is forever in a state of bliss. Kala -diksa In Kala diksa, the body of the sadhaka is divided into five zones corresponding to the five gross elements. The goddess is identified with the different kalas of a letter. This type of initiation bestows divinity on the sadhaka. The different kalas are identified in the body of the sadhaka. The following table will make it clear about the nature of initiation. 161 Sri-vidyarnava-tantra ch. XIII 162 Uttara-Kamika-Agamam Patala XX, XXIII. 163 NUT ch. I 164 Sri-vidyarnava-tantra ch. XIII

Zone Location in body of sadhaka. I From feet to the knees. II From the knees to the navel. Name of the kala. Nivrtti-kala. Pratistha-kala. III From the navel to the throat. Vidya-kala. IV From the throat to the forehead. Santi-kala. V From the forehead to the head proper. Santi-atita-kala 385 Vedha- diksa Vedha means to pierce. In this type of initiation, the piercing of the six nerve phlexes takes place gradually in the sadhaka. This initiation releases from worldly bonds and is a bestower of knowledge. Sparsa- diksa In this initiation, the Guru first mediates and perfomes the japa of the rootmantra. The Guru then touches the body of his sisya with his hand. Vag- diksa The Guru meditates and fixes his mind on the ultimate principle. He then utters the mantra loudly; his utterance is followed by the disciple who pronounces it. Drg- diksa In this initiation, the Guru closes his eyes and meditates on the ultimate principle with a mind that is pleased. Then he gazes at his disciple with grace.

Sambhavi- diksa. In this initiation, the Guru causes the arousal of knowledge in the disciple by way of gazing, by utterance and by touching. Abhiseka. Abhiseka is the ritual consecration performed by the Guru to the disciple. After initiation the Guru pours water which is kept consecrated in a picture over the disciple. This is diksa - abhiseka or mantra- diksa without which no initiation is said to be complete. Mantri diksa. This is the most elaborate ritual process. The thirteen materials like the dried-ginger, pepper, long-pepper, Dhatri fruit, fruit of yellow-myrobalan tree, the bark of the Vibhitaka tree, cardamon, cloves, fragrant leaf, Nagakesara filaments, Takkola, Madayanti, and Sahadavi all these are crushed and mixed with the ashes of the Durva-grass with soil taken from an elephant stall, a horse stable, the soil from junction of four roads, the anthill, the place of confluence of rivers, large lake, a cow-pen etc... seven places and put into a picture filled with water. This is placed on rice grains placed over a new set of garments. The ghata is then offered worship. A Matrka yantra is drawn on a sandalwood plank with a mixture of milk and saffron. The initiate is made to sit on the plank and the consecrated water is poured on him with the chanting of the mantra. After that the initiate discards his clothes and puts on a new set of clothes. He is smeared with sandal paste by the guru. Then gives some Aksatas, flowers etc... in his hand and utters the mantra into the right ear of the initiate. After the initiation the Guru gives a new name to the disciple which is his identity into the cult. Again a caste-

wise naming principle is followed. The Guru gives name with identity prefixes which are as follows. No. Caste. Initation sufix. 1. Brahmin Sarma 2 Ksatriya Varma 3 Vaisya Gupta 4 Sudra Dasa Initiation in the above methods is only for men and not for women. It is stated that women are only entitled for Vag- diksa. This Vag- diksa should be in the form of instruction only.