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[Full title: (A) Philosophical aspects; (3) Samkhya philosophy; (3) The three kinds of bodies].

Devala mentions five kinds of vital breaths (2222). The functions & locations of each of them in the body are also explained (2402-2406). The Sankhyakarika does not accept the view of the separate functioning of pranas. It only refers 35 to the five kinds of vital airs & states that it is the common function of organs (karmas - 10 external + 3 internal). The Sankhya-sutra (2/31) also reiterates the same in identical g{ : } 14 i

850 words. The Tattvasamasa (12) alone clearly speaks of five kinds of vital airs, in an independent sutra, which is similar to that of Devala. Thus Devala differs from the Sankhyakarika & the Sankhyasutra, regarding the theory of pranas. The Sankhyayoga-Tantras, which Devala followed, might have had incorporated the theory of separate functioning of five pranas The Tarkasangraha (p.38) 36 mentions that there is only one kind of vital air, but it is designated as prana, apana etc., only on account of the difference in the adjuncts of location & function. Thus according to this work, the breath is only of one kind. This is also opposed to the view of Devala, propounding separate functioning of each vital air. The locations of five vital airs, mentioned in the text are somewhat different from those, referred to in the off-quoted The difference between Devala & the above verse is as verse 37 follows : TABLE NO. 9 Devala the offequoted verse 1. Pranah Urdhvam nabhergatah Hrdi 2. Apanah Adho nabheh Gude 3. Vyanah Sakhasambandhiskandhavistah Sarvas ariragah 4. Udanah 5. Samanah Bahurugrivacaksuparsvagatah Srotrahrdayanabhigatah 38 Mm.P.V.Kane' refers to the controversy regarding the meaning of the term prana & apana. Prana, according to Caland, Keith, Dumout & a few others means 'expiration' in ancient vedic Kanthades as thah Nabhis amsthitah } 1 J

HANSHA Smt. MEHTA literature, & apana means 'inspiration'. But this meaning Q underwent a change in the later days, according to these se 85 Scho diversity LIBRARY "On the other hand, almost all sanskrit commentators & writers & G.W. Brown, Edgerton & others hold the opposite view". 39 40 1 Mm. P. V. Kane is of the opinion that "Prana meant & means inhalation or theracic breath", while'apana' means means 'abdominal breath'. While referring to the view of Devala & Sankaracarya in support of his interpretation, he writes "Not only Sankaracarya but a much earlier authority viz. the Dharmasutra of Devala (mentioned by Sankaracarya......) defines the working of prana & apana as done by Sankaracarya in his bhasya on Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.5.3