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The 耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲蝉, like the yogatattva, classify yoga into four on the bases of their practice and usage such as mantras, laya, 贬补峁环补 and 搁腻箩补.

It is stated thus:

yogo hi 产补丑耻诲丑腻 brahman bhidyate 惫测补惫补丑腻谤补迟补岣� |
mantrayogo laya艣caiva ha峁環o'sau 谤腻箩补测辞驳补ta岣� || ^[1]

驰辞驳补艣颈办丑补 and 测辞驳补谤腻箩补 agree with this classification; and 测辞驳补艣颈办丑补 collectively calls these 测辞驳腻蝉 as 惭补丑腻测辞驳补.^[2] Basically these are treated as one but called by different names. 驰辞驳补艣颈办丑补 admits six yogas in addition to 产丑腻惫补苍补 and sahaja, referred to as鈥�峁�a岣峚nvaya Mahavanam.鈥� In the commentary on 驰辞驳辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 艢谤颈.Upani峁�ad Brahmayogin explains that the yogins like Bhusundaswami admit and agree with this division.^[3] 痴补谤腻丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 suggests three kinds of yoga with the negation of 搁腻箩补yoga.

1) Mantra Yoga

As the name indicates mantra yoga speaks about the yoga attained through the chanting of pranava mantra, such as 鈥榦m鈥�. Upani峁�ads like Dhy膩nabindu, Am峁泃a苍腻诲补, 础尘峁泃补产颈苍诲耻 狈腻诲补产颈苍诲耻, Yoga c奴岣峚ma峁噄 and Yogatattva ascertain yogas through mantra.

They are regarded as the meditation upon nada, that is,

mantro n膩d膩nusandh膩nam |^[4].

In the 笔腻艣耻辫补迟补 叠谤补丑尘辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 it is mentioned as

尘腻苍补蝉辞 丑补峁僺补岣� 蝉辞'丑补峁� 丑补峁僺补 iti 迟补苍尘补测补峁� yaj帽o n膩d膩nusandh膩nam |

Here the mantras are made up of 尘腻迟谤颈办补蝉 (letters of the alphabet) The very breath of every creature pronounces the mantra, 贬补峁僺补. But when a yogi practises yoga guided by his Guru the Japa reverses and then it becomes 鈥�So ham鈥� Thus it is called mantra yoga.

驰辞驳补艣颈办丑补 states it as,

蝉辞'丑补峁� so'hamiti ya岣� sy膩nmantrayoga岣� sa ucyate |^[5]

It is described in the 叠谤补丑尘补惫颈诲测辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 also. According to 驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲, the continuous practice of this yoga for twelve years provides attain wisdom along with eight siddhis of anima, garima, etc. This kind of yoga is appropriate for the persons with poor intelligence. The 驰辞驳补谤腻箩辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 mentions that mantrayoga is confirmed by V膩tsyar膩ja.^[6] The significance of this yoga is that the yogi is too much obstructed by the means through mantra yoga.

So the 痴补谤补丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 says,

mantro 苍腻诲腻苍耻蝉补苍诲丑腻苍补峁� 苍腻诲补sya sarvamantram奴latv膩t |^[7]

The 驰辞驳辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲s introduce mantra yoga as the earliest means for the common people to attain 尘辞办峁�a.

2) Laya yoga

Laya yoga is regarded as the product of mantra yoga, laya hetu; 尘补苍迟谤补岣�^[8] It is the absorption of mind, that is, 濒补测补测辞驳补艣肠颈迟迟补濒补测补岣�^[9] Here the mind relies on 苍腻诲补 and obtains the union between the 腻迟尘补苍 and the param腻迟尘补苍. The 痴补谤腻丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 states in the laya yoga as 尘峁沝耻.^[10] In laya yoga the practitioner should contemplate upon the pure 莫艣惫补谤补 even while walking, sitting, sleeping and eating, and thus should attain sukham and 腻苍补苍诲补. Its outcome is stability of breath and great excellence. This yoga is confirmed by 痴测腻蝉补 and his followers.

3) Description of 贬补峁环补 yoga

贬补峁环补 yoga is treated as the means to laya yoga which removes the dullness obtained from all ailments:

ha峁環ena g峁沨yate 箩腻岣峺补峁� sarvado峁�asamudbhavam |^[11]

The yoga with eight 测辞驳腻苍驳补蝉 along with their [following] twelve subdivisions constitute the 丑补峁环补测辞驳补 according to 驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲^[12] :

1. 尘补丑腻尘耻诲谤腻,
2. 尘补丑腻产补苍诲丑补,
3. 尘补丑腻惫别诲丑补,
4. 办丑别肠补谤墨,
5. 箩腻濒补苍诲丑补谤补,
6. 耻岣嶀笉颈测腻苍补,
7. 尘奴濒补产补苍诲丑补,
8. 诲墨谤驳丑补辫谤补峁嘺惫补,
9. 蝉补峁僤丑腻苍补,
10. 蝉颈诲诲丑腻苍迟补艣谤补惫补峁嘺,
11. 惫补箩谤辞濒墨,
12. 补尘补谤辞濒墨 and
13. 蝉补丑补箩辞濒墨.

The 痴补谤补丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 uses the term madhyama to denote 贬补峁环补yoga as:

madhyamo ha峁環a |

It also describes ha峁環a yoga as the product of laya yoga.

Here occurs the union of faith and mantra that is the union of the Sun and the Moon. Here 鈥楬a鈥� is meant for the Sun and 鈥楽a鈥� for the Moon and the union of Sun and the Moon is known as ha峁環a:

pratitimantrayog膩帽ca j膩yate pa艣cime pathi hak膩re峁嘺 tu 蝉奴谤测补岣� sy膩t sak膩re峁噀ndurucyate s奴ry膩candraramasoraikya峁� ha峁環a ityabhidh墨yate || ^[13]

It indicates the occurrence of 蝉奴谤测补驳谤补丑补峁嘺 and 肠补苍诲谤补驳谤补丑补峁嘺. The 罢谤颈艣颈办丑颈产谤腻丑尘补峁噊辫补苍颈峁�a诲 illustrates many 腻蝉补苍补蝉 in accordance with 贬补峁环补 yogic methods like 厂惫补蝉迟颈办腻蝉补苍补, 骋辞尘耻办丑腻蝉补苍补, 痴补箩谤腻蝉补苍补 etc.

4) 搁腻箩补yoga

搁腻箩补yoga is treated as the result of ha峁環a yoga. In the 驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 it is said,

na hi vi峁兣沘tyavayavaha峁環膩bhy膩samantar膩 r膩jayogo 产丑补办迟颈谤颈迟测补谤迟丑补岣�^[14]

It will be attained only after the 丑补峁环补测辞驳颈肠 practices. All bodily activities complete with the 搁腻箩补yoga. Here the yogi attains the state of vairagya out of viveka. Thus it says:

yad膩 tu r膩jayogena ni峁�pann膩 yogibhi岣� 办谤颈测腻岣� 迟补诲腻 vivekavair膩gya峁� j膩yate yogino dhruvam || ^[15]

Again 测辞驳补艣颈办丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 regards the union of rajas and retas or the 艣补办迟颈 and 艣颈惫补 as Rajayoga: It says,

rajaso retaso yog膩d谤腻箩补测辞驳补 iti sm峁泃a岣� |

The 惭补峁囜笉补濒补产谤腻丑尘补峁噊辫补苍颈峁�a诲 explains the requisite equipments for 搁腻箩补yoga as:

苍补惫补肠补办谤补峁� 峁�a岣嵞乨丑腻谤补峁� trilak峁�yam vyomapa帽cakam |
samyageta j膩n膩ti sa yog墨 n膩mato bhavet || ^[16]

Those who know the nine cakras (尘奴濒腻诲丑腻谤补), 蝉惫腻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补, 尘补峁噄辫奴谤补办补, 补苍腻丑补迟补, 惫颈艣耻诲诲丑颈, 补箩帽补, talu, 腻办腻艣补 and bhr奴cakra) six 腻诲丑腻谤补蝉, region of six cakras namely roots of genital, navel heart, throat and middle of eyebrows, three kinds of introspection (external internal and intermediate), others (腻办腻艣补, par腻办腻艣补, mah腻办腻艣补, s奴ry腻办腻艣补 and pram腻办腻艣补) and five kinds of ethers very well only can be treated as 搁腻箩补yog墨s. The 驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 proclaimes 惫颈峁ａ箛耻 as the role model or 辫耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补 for the followers of 搁腻箩补yoga. The significance of 谤腻箩补测辞驳补 is the attainment of the 蝉颈诲诲丑墨蝉 like anima, garima etc..

The mantrayoga, layayoga, 丑补峁环补测辞驳补, and 谤腻箩补测辞驳补 are connected together. Without mantra, laya is not possible; and without ha峁環a, laya is not possible. 贬补峁环补yoga is possible only with the practice of 补峁ａ弓腻苍驳补尘腻谤驳补, that is the 谤腻箩补测辞驳补 or 丑补峁环补测辞驳颈肠 practice ends in 谤腻箩补测辞驳补.

It is stated in the commentary of 痴补谤腻丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 as:

尘峁沝耻 濒补测补岣� 尘补诲丑测补尘补岣� 丑补峁环补岣� mantro n膩d膩nusandh膩nam | 尘峁沝耻madhyamamantre峁�u kram膩nmantra峁� 苍腻诲腻苍耻蝉补苍诲丑腻苍补峁� tato 濒补测补峁�, tats膩dhana峁� 丑补峁环补峁�, tatra 膩dya丑补峁环补测辞驳补stu yam膩dya峁ａ弓膩峁単asa峁儁uto bhavat墨tyartha岣� |

So each yoga is treated as the step towards the other.

These four-fold yogas are said to be the identical applications of 辫谤腻峁嘺 and 补辫腻苍补. This is treated as the common feature of all these yogas. The result of yoga will be achieved only by its gradual practice. Through the right analysis of the 驰辞驳辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲s it can be found that most of all the 驰辞驳辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲s promotes, 丑补峁环补测辞驳补 more than all others.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫补-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲 19

[2]:

驰.艣颈办.鲍.滨.129

[3]:

Yogatattva-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲 com.P. 44

[4]:

Var.U.V.10.com.P.503

[5]:

Y.艣ik.U. I.131

[6]:

Y.r膩j.U. 4

[7]:

Var.U. V.10. com.

[8]:

Ibid

[9]:

驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫补-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲 23

[10]:

Var. U.V.10.

[11]:

Y.艣ik. I.134

[12]:

驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫补-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲 24-27

[13]:

Y.艣ik. U.I.132-133

[14]:

驰辞驳补迟补迟迟惫补-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲 com.129

[15]:

Ibid, 129,130

[16]:

M.Br.U.IV.5