Pitaka, īٲ첹, ʾṭa첹, ʾṭk: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Pitaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Pitak.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaʾṭa첹 (पिटक) refers to “pimple/carbuncle� and is one of the various diseases mentioned in the 15th-century Yogasrasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasrasaṃgraha [mentioning 辱ṭa첹] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (ṣaⲹ-첹貹) which is a branch of pharmacology (ⲹṇa).
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsPiṭa (पिटक�):—Papule

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira1) ʾṭa첹 (पिटक) refers to “moles in the body�, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhit (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “A true Astrologer is also one who has thoroughly mastered the Science of Saṃhit. [...] It also treats of the prediction of events from the flight of the 첹ñᲹԲ and from the appearance of various abnormal phenomena, of expiatory ceremonies; of miscellaneous planetary phenomena; of ṛt-첹; of the royal sword; of 貹ṭa; of the features of a house cock, a cow, a sheep, a horse, an elephant, a man and a woman. It also treats of the treatment of women; of moles in the body [i.e., 辱ṭa첹-lakṣaṇa]; of injuries to shoes and clothes; of hairy fans; of walking sticks: of beds and seats; of lamplight; of tooth brush and the like�.
2) īٲ첹 (पीतक) refers to the “yellow colour�, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhit (chapter 8).—Accordingly, “The years of Jupiter (ṛh貹پ) take their names from the several Nakṣatras in which he reappears after his conjunction with the Sun; and these names are identical with the names of the lunar months. [...] In the Krttika year of Jupiter, cart drivers, persons that live by fire and cows will be afflicted with miseries; there will be disease and wars in the land; flowers of blood and of yellow colour [i.e., ٲ-īٲ첹-ܲܳ] will thrive. [...]�.

Jyotisha (ज्योति�, dzپṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy� or “Vedic astrology� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
: archive.org: Hindu Mathematicsīٲ첹 (पीतक) or Pīta refers to the “color yellow� which were used as symbols for the unknowns, according to the principles of Bījagaṇita (“algebra� or ‘science of calculation�), according to Gaṇita-śstra, ancient Indian mathematics and astronomy.—Āryabhaṭa I (499) very probably used coloured shots to represent unknowns. Brahmagupta (628) in the Brhmasphuṭasiddhnta mentions ṇa as the symbols of unknowns. As he has not attempted in any way to explain this method of symbolism, it appears that the method was already very familiar. [...] In the case of more unknowns, it is usual to denote the first 屹ٳ屹 and the remaining ones by alphabets or colours [e.g., īٲ첹].—Cf. Pṛthūdakasvmī (860) in his commentary on the Brhmasphuṭasiddhnta by Brahmagupta (628) and Bhskara II in the Bījagaṇita.

Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastraʾṭa첹 (पिटक) refers to a set of teachings composed by Mahtyyana according to the 2nd century Mahprajñpramitśstra (chapter XXX). Accordingly, “what is the teaching of the ʾṭa첹, etc.?—The ʾṭa첹 contains 3,200,000 words; when the Buddha was still in the world, it was composed by Ta Kia tchan yen (Mahtyyana); after the Buddha’s 貹Ծṇa, the length of man’s life diminished, the strength of his intellect decreased and people were unable to recite the ʾṭa첹 fully; then the individuals who had attained the Path composed a summary in 384,000 words�.
Note: This is Mahtynana, author of the Peṭakopadeśa and not Ktyyana, author of the Jñnaprasthna.

Mahayana (महायान, mahyna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñpramit ūٰ.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossaryʾṭa첹.�(CII 4), a measure of capacity. Cf. Trai辱ṭa첹. Note: 辱ṭa첹 is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsPitaka [ପୀତକା] in the Odia language is the name of a plant identified with Barleria prionitis L. from the Acanthaceae (Acanthus) family having the following synonyms: Barleria appressa, Barleria coriacea, Barleria spicata. For the possible medicinal usage of pitaka, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Pitaka in India is the name of a plant defined with Acacia leucophloea in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Delaportea ferox Gagnep. (among others).
2) Pitaka is also identified with Acacia nilotica It has the synonym Mimosa arabica Lam. (etc.).
3) Pitaka is also identified with Crocus sativus It has the synonym Safran officinarum Medik. (etc.).
4) Pitaka is also identified with Haldina cordifolia It has the synonym Nauclea sterculiifolia A. Rich. ex DC.) (Adina Salisb., from the Greek adinos ‘clustered, plentiful, crowded�, referring to the clustered flowers. (etc.).
5) Pitaka is also identified with Toona ciliata It has the synonym Cedrela mollis Handel-Mazzetti (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Gard. Chron. (1879)
· BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2004)
· Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany (1996)
· Monograph on the Genus Toona (Meliaceae) (1988)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Species Plantarum.
If you are looking for specific details regarding Pitaka, for example side effects, extract dosage, chemical composition, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, health benefits, have a look at these references.

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary辱ṭa첹 : (nt.) a basket; a container; one of the three main division of Pli Canon. || īٲ첹 (adj.) yellow; golden colour. (m.) yellow colour.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionaryʾṭa첹, (cp. Epic Sk. 辱ṭa첹, etym. not clear. See also P. peḷ� & peḷi) 1. basket Vin I 225 (ghaṭa p. ucchaṅga), 240 (catudoṇika p.); Pv IV. 333; Vism. 28 (辱ṭake nikkhitta-loṇa-maccha-phla-sadisa� phaṇa�); dhañña° a grain-basket DhA. III, 370; vīhi° a rice basket DhA. III, 374. Usually in combn kuddḷa-辱ṭa첹 “hoe and basket, � wherever the act of digging is referred to, e.g. Vin. III, 47; D. I, 101; M. I, 127; S. II, 88; V, 53; A. I, 204; II, 199; J. I, 225, 336; DA. I, 269.�2. (fig.) t. t. for the 3 main divisions of the Pli Canon “the three baskets (basket as container of tradition Winternitz, Ind. Lit. II. 8; cp. peḷ� 2) of oral tradition, � viz. Vinaya°, Suttanta°, Abhidhamma°; thus mentioned by name at PvA. 2; referred to as “tayo 辱ṭa� at J. I, 118; Vism. 96 (pañca-niya-maṇḍale tīṇi 辱ṭani parivatteti), 384 (tiṇṇa� Vedna� uggahaṇa�, tiṇṇa� Piṭana� uggahaṇa�); SnA 110, 403; DhA. III, 262; IV, 38; cp. Divy 18, 253, 488. With ref. to the Vinaya mentioned at Vin. V, 3.—ʾṭa첹 is a later collective appellation of the Scriptures; the first division of the Canon (based on oral tradition entirely) being into Sutta and Vinaya (i.e. the stock paragraphs learnt by heart, and the rules of the Order). Thus described at D. II, 124; cp. the expression bhikkhu suttantika vinayadhara Vin. II, 75 (earlier than te辱ṭa첹 or 辱ṭa첹dhara). Independently of this division we find the designation “Dhamma� applied to the doctrinal portions; and out of this developed the 3rd ʾṭa첹, the Abhidhammap. See also Dhamma C. 1.—The Canon as we have it comes very near in language and contents to the canon as established at the 3rd Council in the time of King Asoka. The latter was in Mgadhī.—The knowledge of the 3 ʾṭa첹s as an accomplishment of the bhikkhu is stated in the term tepīṭaka “one who is familiar with the 3 P. � (thus at Miln. 18; 屹. V, 22; KhA 41 with v. l. ti°; SnA 306 id.; DhA. III, 385). tipetakī (Vin. V, 3 Khemanma t.), tipeṭaka (Miln. 90), and ti辱ṭa첹-dhara KhA 91. See also below °ttaya. In BSk. we find the term tre辱ṭa첹 in early inscriptions (1st century A. D. , see e.g. Vogel, Epigraphical discoveries at Srnth, Epigraphia Indica VIII, p. 173, 196; Bloch, J. As. Soc. Bengal 1898, 274, 280); the term tri辱ṭa첹 in literary documents (e.g. Divy 54), as also tri辱ṭa (e.g. AvŚ I. 334; Divy 261, 505).—On the ʾṭa첹s in general & the origin of the P. Canon see Oldenberg, in ed. of Vin 1; and Winternitz, Gesch. d. Ind. Litt. 1913, II. 1 sq.; III, 606, 635.�Cp. peṭaka.—ttaya the triad of the ʾṭa첹s or holy Scriptures SnA 328.—dhara one who knows (either one or two or all three) the ʾṭa첹 by heart, as eka°, dvi°, ti° at Vism. 62, 99.—sampadya according to the P. tradition or on the ground of the authority of the P. M. I, 520 (itihītiha etc.); II, 169 (id.); and in exegesis of itikir (hearsay-tradition) at A. I, 189=II. 191=Nd2 151. (Page 457)
� or �
īٲ첹, (adj.) (fr. īٲ) yellow Vin. IV, 159; Th. 2, 260; J. II, 274; Pv III, 13 (=suvaṇṇavaṇṇa PvA. 170); Dhs. 617 (nīla p. lohitaka odta ḷaka mañjeṭṭhaka); ThA. 211.—īٲ� (f.) saffron, turmeric M. I, 36. (Page 462)
� or �
īٲ첹, (adj.) (fr. īٲ) yellow Vin. IV, 159; Th. 2, 260; J. II, 274; Pv III, 13 (=suvaṇṇavaṇṇa PvA. 170); Dhs. 617 (nīla p. lohitaka odta ḷaka mañjeṭṭhaka); ThA. 211.—īٲ� (f.) saffron, turmeric M. I, 36. (Page 462)

Pali is the language of the Ti辱ṭa첹, which is the sacred canon of Theravda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryʾṭa첹 (पिटक).�1 A box, basket; सशूर्पपिटकाः सर्व� (saśūrpa辱ṭa� sarve) Mahbhrata (Bombay) 5. 155.7.
2) A granary.
3) A pimple, pustule, small boil or ulcer; (also 辱ṭa or 辱ṭi in this sense); तत� गण्डस्योपर� पिटक� संवृत्ता (tato gaṇḍasyopari 辱ṭa saṃvṛtt) Ś.2; सितरक्तपीतकृष्ण� विप्रादीना� क्रमेण पिटक� ये � ते क्रमशः प्रोक्तफला वर्णानामग्रजादीनाम् (sitaraktaīٲkṛṣṇ� viprdīn� krameṇa 辱ṭa ye | te kramaśa� proktaphal varṇnmagrajdīnm) || B�. S.52.1.
4) A kind of ornament on the banner of Indra.
5) A collection of writings; as विनयपिटकम् (vinaya辱ṭa첹m).
- 1 A small boil or pimple;
2) A box, basket; खनित्रपिटक� चोभे समानयत गच्छ� (khanitra辱ṭake cobhe samnayata gacchata) 峾.2.37.5.
Derivable forms: 辱ṭa첹� (पिटक�), 辱ṭa첹m (पिटकम्).
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ʾṭk (पिटा�).—A basket, box.
Derivable forms: 辱ṭk� (पिटाकः).
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īٲ첹 (पीतक).�a. Yellow.
-첹� The Aśoka tree.
-kam 1 Yellow orpiment.
2) Brass.
3) Saffron.
4) Honey.
5) Aloewood.
6) Sandal-wood.
7) Yellow sandal.
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ʾṭa첹 (पिटक).—A boil, blister.
Derivable forms: 辱ṭa첹� (पिटक�).
See also (synonyms): ṭa첹.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionaryʾṭa첹 (पिटक).�nt., m. (= Pali id.), = prec.; of the Buddhist canon, in tri辱ṭa첹, q.v.; also in Bodhisattva-辱ṭa첹, collection of writings on bodhisattvas: (Āⲹ-)Ѳñśīū첹貹 22.12 (°kaṃ� bhṣiṣye, referring to (Āⲹ-)Ѳñśīū첹貹 itself or its doctrine), et passim in (Āⲹ-)Ѳñśīū첹貹 (not noted elsewhere, but compare -辱ṭakīya); (also, m., as in Sanskrit, blister, pustule, swelling on the skin: [krodhvi- ṣṭasya mahnagnasya] yval latṭe 辱ṭas tiṣṭhanti�Ҳṇḍū 504.6.) On 辱ṭa see 辱ṭṭa.
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īٲ첹 (पीतक).�(1) adj. and subst., ifc. one that has drunk, in viṣa-īٲ첹 (= Sanskrit °īٲ), one that has drunk poison (specifying -ka ?): (Āⲹ-)Ѳñśīū첹貹 462.26; subst. (= Sanskrit īٲ), drink: Բ-śٲ첹 i.179.6 f.; (2) name of two nga kings (? from the other Sanskrit īٲ, yellow): Ѳ-ūī 247.14 dvau īٲ첹u ngar- jnau.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionaryʾṭa첹 (पिटक).—mfn. subst.
(-첹�--첹�) A boil, an ulcer. m.
(-첹�) 1. A basket, a box. 2. A large basket, or receptacle of basket work, for keeping grain, &c.; a granary. 3. An ornament on Indra's banner. E. 辱� to collect, aff. kkun; also 辱ṭa and peṭaka .
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ʾṭk (पिटा�).—m.
(-첹�) 1. The name of a saint. 2. A basket, a box. E. 辱� to collect, and 첹 Unadi aff.
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īٲ첹 (पीतक).—n.
(-첹�) 1. Yellow orpiment. 2. Saffron. 3. Aloe-wood. 4. Brass. 5. Honey. m.
(-첹�) 1. A sort of gentian, (G. Cherayta.) 2. The Tun tree. E. īٲ yellow, aff. kan.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionaryʾṭa첹 (पिटक).—[辱ṭa + ka], m., f. , and n. 1. A basket, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 14578. 2. A boil. 3. An ornament on Indra's banner, Mahbhrata 1, 2354.
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īٲ첹 (पीतक).—[īٲ + ka], I. adj., f. ti, Of a yellow colour, [峾ⲹṇa] 6, 82, 60. Ii. f. ti, Saffron.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionaryʾṭa첹 (पिटक).—[masculine] [neuter], [feminine] basket, box; boil, blister.
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īٲ첹 (पीतक).—[feminine] ti = [preceding]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) ʾṭa첹 (पिटक):—[from 辱�] mf()n. (usually n.) a basket (from �辱� in the sense of gathering together) or box, [Mahbhrata; 峾ⲹṇa]
2) [v.s. ...] etc. (ifc. i, [Mnava-gṛhya-sūtra])
3) [v.s. ...] a granary, [Horace H. Wilson]
4) [v.s. ...] a collection of writings (cf. tri-p)
5) [v.s. ...] a boil, blister, [Caraka] (printed 辱ṭhaka), [Jtakaml]
6) [v.s. ...] a kind of ornament on Indra’s banner, [Mahbhrata; Varha-mihira]
7) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a man (also 辱ṭka) [gana] śivdi, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) īٲ첹 (पीतक):—[from īٲ] mf(i)n. yellow, [Mahbhrata; 峾ⲹṇa; Suśruta] (also applied to the 4th unknown quantity, [Colebrooke])
9) [v.s. ...] m. y° amaranth, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] Odina Pennata, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [from īٲ] n. (only [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]) orpiment
12) [v.s. ...] brass
13) [v.s. ...] honey
14) [v.s. ...] saffron
15) [v.s. ...] yellow sanders
16) [v.s. ...] aloe wood
17) [v.s. ...] Curcuma Aromatica
18) [v.s. ...] Terminalia Tomentosa, a species of Śyonka.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) ʾṭa첹 (पिटक):�(첹�) 1. m. A basket; a granary. m. f. n. A boil.
2) ʾṭk (पिटा�):�(첹�) 1. m. The name of a sage.
3) īٲ첹 (पीतक):�(첹�) 1. n. Yellow orpiment, saffron; aloe wood; brass; honey. m. A sort of gentian, (G. Cherayta;) the ū tree.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)ʾṭa첹 (पिटक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: ʾḍaⲹ, Pilga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryʾṭa첹 (पिटक) [Also spelled pitak]:�(nm) a small box/basket; collection of Buddhist scriptures [[tri辱ṭa첹]].
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusʾṭa첹 (ಪಿಟಕ):�
1) [noun] a container made of interwoven cane, strips of bamboo, etc.; a basket.
2) [noun] a boil; a blister.
3) [noun] any of the three holy scriptures of Buddhism.
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ʾṭa첹 (ಪಿಟಕ):—[noun] the small bird Orthotomus sutorius of Muscicapidae family, of the size of sparrow, with green wings, long tail, white throat, breast and belly, brown head, yellow bill, light rose legs, that stitches leaves together to make a nest; common tailor-bird.
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īٲ첹 (ಪೀತಕ):—[adjective] of the colour of gold or turmeric powder; yellow.
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īٲ첹 (ಪೀತಕ):�
1) [noun] the cereal grass Hordeum distichon of Poaceae family.
2) [noun] its cereal;barley, used as a food and in making whisky, beer, etc.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionaryīٲ첹 (पीतक):—n. 1. yellow orpiment; 2. brass; 3. saffron; 4. honey; 5. aloe-wood; 6. sandal-wood; 7. yellow sandal;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+11): Pidagai, Pidagattam, Pitakadali, Pitakadhara, Pitakadruma, Pitakakusuma, Pitakalakshana, Pitakalika, Pitakalka, Pitakam, Pitakamakshika, Pitakamta, Pitakancanara, Pitakanchana, Pitakanda, Pitakantam, Pitakarakam, Pitakaram, Pitakaravira, Pitakaraviraka.
Full-text (+317): Tipitaka, Vinayapitaka, Ganipitaka, Sutrapitaka, Vidyadharapitaka, Gopitaka, Abhidhammapitaka, Abhidharmapitaka, Pitakadruma, Dhannapitaka, Vannapitaka, Mamsapitaka, Bodhisattvapitaka, Cariyapitaka, Pitakamakshika, Three baskets, Angulimala Pitaka, Varapitaka, Sapitaka, Paitaka.
Relevant text
Search found 142 books and stories containing Pitaka, īٲ첹, ʾṭa첹, ʾṭk, Piṭa; (plurals include: Pitakas, īٲ첹s, ʾṭa첹s, ʾṭks, Piṭas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Philosophy of language in the Five Nikayas (by K.T.S. Sarao)
2. The Buddhist Pli Ti辱ṭa첹 (Introduction) < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
2.6 The Abhiddhamma ʾṭa첹 < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
2.4. The Vinaya ʾṭa첹 (Introduction) < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine) (by Hin-tak Sik)
The Vinaya ʾṭa첹, Skandhaka, and Bhesajjakkhandhaka < [Chapter 2 - Background Information]
(a) The Vinaya ʾṭa첹 < [Chapter 2 - Background Information]
Guide to Tipitaka (by U Ko Lay)
Complete works of Swami Abhedananda (by Swami Prajnanananda)
Chapter 4 - Buddhist Councils And Buddhist Thoughts < [Discourse 7 - Thoughts on Sankhya Buddhism and Vedanta]
Preface < [Discourse 7 - Thoughts on Sankhya Buddhism and Vedanta]
Chapter 3 - Buddha and Kapila < [Discourse 7 - Thoughts on Sankhya Buddhism and Vedanta]
Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks� rules) (by I. B. Horner)
Definition of the word vinaya < [Translator’s Introduction]
Audience of the Vinaya < [Translator’s Introduction]
Introduction to the translation of the Vinaya-ʾṭa첹 < [Translator’s Introduction]
Formal Education System in Ancient India (by Sushmita Nath)
Subjects studied in the Buddhist Period < [Chapter 5 - Subjects studied in the Vedic and Buddhist period]
Pabbaja (initial ordination) < [Chapter 2 - Rituals of the Education System]