Philosophy of language in the Five Nikayas
by K.T.S. Sarao | 2013 | 141,449 words
This page relates ‘The Vinaya Pitaka (Introduction)� of the study of the Philosophy of language in the Five Nikayas, from the perspective of linguistics. The Five Nikayas, in Theravada Buddhism, refers to the five books of the Sutta Pitaka (“Basket of Sutra�), which itself is the second division of the Pali Tipitaka of the Buddhist Canon (literature).
2.4. The Vinaya ±Ê¾±á¹a°ì²¹ (Introduction)
In this section, I briefly present some main points of the Vinaya Pitaka. The great division in which are incorporated injunctions and admonitions of the Buddha on modes of conduct, and restraints on both bodily and verbal actions of bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, which form rules of discipline for them, is called the Vinaya ±Ê¾±á¹a°ì²¹. Far more than merely being a record of rules the Vinaya ±Ê¾±á¹a°ì²¹ also narrates the stories behind the origin of each rule, thus providing a fairly detailed and comprehensive account of the Buddha’s solution to the question of how to maintain common harmony within a large and diverse holy community.
There are four divisions of the Vinaya ±Ê¾±á¹a°ì²¹ as below.
1. ³§³Ü³Ù³Ù²¹±¹¾±²ú³ó²¹á¹…g²¹
The ³§³Ü³Ù³Ù²¹±¹¾±²ú³ó²¹á¹…g²¹ includes the complete set of rules for the ³§²¹á¹…g³ó²¹, along with the origin story for each one. The rules are summarized in the ±ÊÄåá¹i³¾´Ç°ì°ì³ó²¹, and amount to 227 rules for the bhikkhus, 311 for the ²ú³ó¾±°ì°ì³ó³Ü²ÔÄ«²õ.
2. Khandhaka (Mahavagga)
The Khandhaka contains several Suttas like texts, including the Buddha’s account of the period immediately following his awakening, his first sermons to the group of five monks, and stories about how some of the Buddha’s great disciples joined the ³§²¹á¹…g³ó²¹ and themselves attained awakening. It also includes the rules for ordination, for reciting the ±Ê²¹á¹i³¾´Ç°ì°ì³ó²¹ during uposatha days, and various procedures that monks are supposed to perform during formal gatherings of the community.
3. Khandhaka (Cullavagga)
The Khandhaka includes an elaboration of the bhikkhusâ€� etiquette and duties as well as the rules and procedures for addressing offences that may be committed within the ³§²¹á¹…g³ó²¹. It also contains the story of the establishment of the ²ú³ó¾±°ì°ì³ó³Ü²ÔÄ« ³§²¹á¹…g³ó²¹, plus detailed accounts of the first two Councils.
4. ±Ê²¹°ù¾±±¹Äå°ù²¹
The ±Ê²¹°ù¾±±¹Äå°ù²¹ is a recapitulation of the previous sections, with summaries of the rules classified and re-classified in various ways for instructional purposes.