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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: N腻峁瓂a-艣腻stra

1) 惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ) is the Sanskrit name of one of Bharata鈥檚 sons, mentioned in the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra 1.26-33. After Brahm腻 created the N腻峁瓂aveda (苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补), he ordered Bharata to teach the science to his (one hundred) sons. Bharata thus learned the N腻峁瓂aveda from Brahm腻, and then made his sons study and learn its proper application. After their study, Bharata assigned his sons (eg., 惭腻驳补诲丑补) various roles suitable to them.

2) 惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ) is the name of a tribe, usually to be represented by a dark or deep blue (艣测腻尘补) color when painting the limbs (补峁単补谤补肠补苍腻), according to N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 23. The painting is a component of nepathya (costumes and make-up) and is to be done in accordance with the science of 腻丑腻谤测腻产丑颈苍补测补 (extraneous representation).

context information

Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: ISKCON Press: Glossary

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥擜 province of ancient India; also the capital city of King Jar腻sandha.

context information

Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥擜 famous city of ancient India. Its present name is R腻jag峁沨a. The Pur腻峁嘺s mention many great Kings who had ruled Magadha. B峁沨adratha was once King of Magadha. (艢loka 30, Chapter 63, 膧di Parva) Jayatsena one of the K腻lakeyas was once the King of Magadha. (艢loka 48, Chapter 67, 膧di Parva). P腻峁囜笉u father of the P腻峁囜笉avas once attacked Magadha and D墨rgha the then King of Magadha was killed by P腻峁囜笉u. (Chapter 112, 膧di Parva). While B峁沨adratha was ruling Magadha he passed an order that each and every house should worship the demoness Jar腻 as a house-goddess. (艢loka 10, Chapter 13, Sabh腻 Parva). During the time of the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 Jar腻sandha was the King of Magadha. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 made Bh墨masena kill Jar腻sandha. After his death 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 made Sahadeva brother of Jar腻sandha the King of Magadha. (艢loka 43, Chapter 24, Sabh腻 Parva). Bh墨masena conquered this country during his victory march. The people of Magadha offered gifts to Yudhi峁ａ弓hira at his R腻jas奴ya. (艢loka 18, Chapter 52, Sabh腻 Parva). The King of Magadha and the people there fought on the side of the P腻峁囜笉avas in the great battle. (艢loka 2, Chapter 53, Udyoga Parva).

: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study

惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ) refers to a class of professional singers that once existed in ancient Kashmir (Ka艣m墨ra) as mentioned in the N墨lamatapur腻峁嘺.鈥擳he N墨lamata refers to four classes of professional singers viz. S奴ta, 惭腻驳补诲丑补, Vand墨 and C腻r补峁嘺 who, according to the Dharma艣腻stras, maintained themselves by lauding the deeds of others. Their mention in one and the same line indicates that some difference, may be minute, was believed to be existing in these different types of singers.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥擳he kingdom of Jar腻sandha (s.v.), see also 惭腻驳补诲丑补.^*

• * Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 III. 3. 10; Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 39. 2, 8.

1b) 鈥�(c)鈥攁 Janapada; an eastern kingdom;¹ got from P峁泃hu by 惭腻驳补诲丑补; kingdom of the 惭腻驳补诲丑补s;² kings of;³ sometimes ruled by the N腻gas;⁴ kingdom of Mah腻ratha B峁沨adratha;⁵ under the Guptas.⁶

• 1) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 16. 55; 18. 51; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 45. 111. 47. 48; 62. 147; 99. 294; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 II. 3. 16.
• 2) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 36. 172; Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 50. 27.
• 3) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 IX. 22. 44-5.
• 4) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 74. 195.
• 5) V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 99. 221.
• 6) Ib. 99. 383; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 24. 63.

1c) King Vi艣vasph腻峁璱ka pulled down K峁�atriyas and established new 惫补谤峁嘺蝉; people of, like Kaivartas, Ba峁璾, Pulinda and Brahmanas.^*

• * Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 24. 61.

2a) 惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥擩ar腻sandha who was vanquished by K峁涐梗峁嘺, see Magadha (s.v.).^*

• * Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 III. 3. 10; X. 2. 2; 83. 23.

2b) Born of P峁泃hu's sacrifice with S奴ta; panegyrised P峁泃hu and got 惭腻驳补诲丑补 country as gift;¹ at K峁涐梗峁嘺's 箩腻迟补办补谤尘补;² in the royal household.³

• 1) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 15. 20; X. 5. 5; 50. 37; 53. 43; 70. 20; 71. 29; 84. 46; Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 36. 113, 159-160, 172; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 62. 95, 137; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 I. 13. 52. 64.
• 2) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 28. 1 and 4; 27. 13; 49. 21; 55. 9 and 14; IV. 26. 62
• 3) Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 212. 14; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 62. 147-148.

2c) (Paulastya)鈥攁 sage of the 14th epoch of Bhautya Manu.^*

• * Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 VIII. 13. 34; Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 1. 112; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 100. 116; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 III. 2. 44.

2d) A Gandharva.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 69. 26.

2e) For 艢ruta艣ravas, son of Som腻dhi.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 99. 228.

2f) The people of the Magadha country (eastern country Matsya-pur腻峁嘺); a Kingdom of Madhyade艣a;¹ K峁�atriya caste of 艢腻kadv墨pa.²

• 1) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 X. 2. 2; Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 16. 42; Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 114. 45; 121. 50; 163. 66.
• 2) Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 11. 4. 69.

2g) The royal line from B峁沘hadratha to 艢ruta艣ravas.^*

• * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 50. 27-34.

: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ) is a name mentioned in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (cf. I.61.46) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (mentioning 惭腻驳补诲丑补) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 艣濒辞办补蝉 (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) refers to an ancient country which should be shunned, according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur腻峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥擨t looks upon Kuru办峁�e迟谤补, Matsya, P腻帽c腻la and Surasena as holy countries where Dharma is practiced. It advises people to shun A峁単a, Va峁単a, Kali峁単a, Sur腻峁ａ弓ra, Gurjara, 膧bhira, Kau峁卥补峁嘺, Dravi岣峚, Dak峁�i峁嚹錺atha, 膧ndhra and Magadha.鈥�(cf. verses 17.54-59) Thus it appears that this Pur腻峁嘺 was written somewhere about the north-western part of northern India.

context information

The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: V腻stu-艣腻stra

惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ) refers to a variety of 辫谤腻蝉腻诲补 (upper storey of any building), according to the 艢ilparatna (32.3), the Mayamata (18.10) and the Kamik腻gama (57.4).

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Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷佮ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿��, v腻stu艣腻stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢腻ktism

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) is the name of a 艢腻办迟补辫墨峁环补 mentioned in the Kul腻r峁嘺vatantra. The Kul腻r峁嘺va-tantra is an important 11th century work for the Kaula school of 艢腻ktism. It refers to eighteen such 艢腻kta-辫墨峁环补s (e.g. Magadha) which is defined as a sacred sanctuary of Dev墨 located here on earth. According to legend, there are in total fifty-one such sanctuaries (辫墨峁环补) on earth, created from the corresponding parts of Dev墨鈥檚 body,

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Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣腻kta) or Shaktism (艣腻ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Arthashastra (politics and welfare)

: Shodhganga: Kakati Ganapatideva and his times (artha)

Magadha (啶�啶椸��, 鈥減anegyrist鈥�) is an official title designating one of the seventy-two officers (niyoga) of the B腻hattaraniyog腻dhipati circle, according to the Inscriptional glossary of Andhra Pradesh (艢腻sana-艣abdako艣腻mu). The 产腻丑补迟迟补谤补苍颈测辞驳补-补诲丑颈辫补迟颈 is the highest executive officer of this circle (including a Magadha). For example: During the reign of 骋补峁嘺辫补迟颈诲别惫补, the area extending between P腻nagal to M腻rjav腻岣峣 was entrusted to G补峁囜笉ape峁囜笉腻ru Gangayas腻hi峁噄 as B腻hattaraniyog腻dhipati. Later on, this office was entrusted to K腻yastha Jannigadeva.

context information

Arthashastra (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, artha艣腻stra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: Wisdom Library: Kavya

Magadha refers to an ancient district or cultural territory, as mentioned in the 7th-century Mudr腻r腻k峁�asa written by Vi艣腻khadeva.

: archive.org: Aspects of Bengal society: Ship-building and commerce

Magadha is the name of an ancient city mentioned by the author of the Kavikankan鈥檚 Chandik腻vya pp. 195-202.鈥擜ccordingly, after the performance of the usual ceremonies before sailing, the merchant Dhanapati passed the following places: [...]鈥攁ll by the side of the Ganges. Then he reached the very celebrated inland port of Bengal known as Saptagram near the Tribeni. The poet here incidentally praised this port and gave it a superiour place among the following ports and places: [e.g., Magadha, etc...]. According to the poet the merchants of the above places visit Saptagram but the merchants of Saptagram do never visit those ports and places.

: Shodhganga: The Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) is the name a locality mentioned in 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 10th-century K腻vyam墨m腻峁僺腻.鈥擳his is the province located in the Bihar or southern part of Bihar.

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Kavya (啶曕ぞ啶掂�嵿��, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) refers to a country belonging to 鈥淧奴rv腻 or P奴rvade艣a (eastern division)鈥� classified under the constellations of 膧rdr腻, Punarvasu and Pu峁�ya, according to the system of 碍奴谤尘补惫颈产丑腻驳补, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var腻hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁�a).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bh腻ratavar峁�a and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from K峁泃tik腻. The constellations of 膧rdr腻, Punarvasu and Pu峁�ya represent the eastern division consisting of [i.e., Magadha] [...]鈥�.

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Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: archive.org: Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 7

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) is the name of a country classified as both H腻di and K腻di (both types of Tantrik division), according to the 13th century Sammoha-tantra (fol. 7).鈥擳here are ample evidences to prove that the zone of heterodox Tantras went far beyond the natural limits of India. [...] The zones in the Sammoha-tantra [viz., Magadha] are here fixed according to two different Tantrik modes, known as K腻di and H腻di.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

One of the four chief kingdoms of India at the time of the Buddha, the others being Kosala, the kingdom of the Vamsas and Avanti. Magadha formed one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas and had its capital at Rajagaha or Giribbaja where Bimbisara, and after him Ajatasattu, reigned. Later, Pataliputta became the capital. By the time of Bimbisara, Anga, too, formed a part of Magadha, and he was known as king of Anga Magadha (see, e.g., Vin.i.27 and ThagA.i.544, where Bimbisara sends for Sona Kolivisa, a prominent citizen of Campa, capital of Anga). But prior to that, these were two separate kingdoms, often at war with each other (e.g., J.iv.454f). Several kings of Magadha are mentioned by name in the Jatakas - e.g., Arindama and Duyyodhana. In one story (J.vi.272) the Magadha kingdom is said to have been under the suzerainty of Anga. In the Buddhas day, Magadha (inclusive of Anga) consisted of eighty thousand villages (Vin.i.179) and had a circumference of some three hundred leagues (DA.i.148).

Ajatasattu succeeded in annexing Kosala with the help of the Licchavis, and he succeeded also in bringing the confederation of the latter under his sway; preliminaries to this struggle are mentioned in the books (e.g., D.ii.73f., 86).

Under Bimbisara and Ajatasattu, Magadha rose to such political eminence that for several centuries, right down to the time of Asoka, the history of Northern India was practically the history of Magadha. (A list of the kings from Bimbisara to Asoka is found in Dvy.369 ; cp. DA.i.153; Mbv.96, 98).

At the time of the Buddha, the kingdom of Magadha was bounded on the east by the river Campa (Campa flowed between Anga and Magadha; J.iv.454), on the south by the Vindhya Mountains, on the west by the river Sona, and on the north by the Ganges. The latter river formed the boundary between Magadha and the republican country of the Licchavis, and both the Magadhas and the Licchavis evidently had equal rights over the river. When the Buddha visited Vesali, Bimbisara made a road five leagues long, from Rajagaha to the river, and decorated it, and the Licchavis did the same on the other side. DhA.iii.439 f.; the Dvy. (1p.55) says that monks going from Savatthi to Rajagaha could cross the Ganges in boats kept either by Ajatasattu or by the Licchavis of Vesali.

During the early Buddhist period Magadha was an important political and commercial centre, and was visited by people from all parts of Northern India in search of commerce and of learning. The kings of Magadha maintained friendly relations with their neighbours, Bimbisara and Pasenadi marrying each others sisters. Mention is made of an alliance between Pukkusati, king of Gandhara and Bimbisara. When Candappajjota of Ujjeni was suffering from jaundice, Bimbisara sent him his own personal physician, Jivaka.

-- or --

. The name of a gotta. J.iii.339.

-- or --

.

context information

Therav腻da is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: archive.org: Bulletin of the French School of the Far East (volume 5)

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) (in Chinese: kia-p'i-lo-p'o) refers to one of the fifty-five kingdoms enumerated in chapter 17 of the Candragarbha: the 55th section of the Mah腻sa峁僴ip腻ta-s奴tra, a large compilation of S奴tras (texts) in Mah腻y腻na Buddhism partly available in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.鈥擨n the Candragarbhas奴tra, the Bhagavat invites all classes of Gods and Deities to protect the Law [dharma?] and the faithful in their respective districts.鈥擨n Magadha, the following deities are appointed (among others): The Devaputra Susthitijv腻l腻prabha [?]; the Gandharva Utpala; the Asura Joie-son (Nandigho峁�a?); the N腻gar腻ja Sub腻hu [?] and Sumanas [?]; the Asura May奴ragandha [?]; the Mah腻yak峁�a Kun腻la; the Yak峁�a Kumbh墨ra; the Kumbh腻峁囜笉a Da艣agaja [?]; the Goddess Manohar墨 [?].

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) (in Chinese: Mo-kia-t'o) is the name of an ancient kingdom associated with 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� or 搁辞丑颈峁嚹玭ak峁�atra, as mentioned in chapter 18.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah腻y腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

General definition (in Buddhism)

: Buddhist Door: GlossaryOne of the four great kingdoms (i.e. Magadha, Kosala, Vansa, and Avanti) in ancient India. The capital of Magadha was Rajagaha. The king of Magadha, Bimblisara, became the follower of Shakyamuni.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) Magadha (啶�啶椸��) (distinguished by the city R腻jag峁沨a) refers to one of the 25陆 countries of the 碍峁�e迟谤腻谤测补蝉, situated in the 鈥渕iddle world鈥� (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3 [补箩颈迟补苍腻迟丑补-肠补谤颈迟谤补] of Hemacandra鈥檚 11th century Tri峁�a峁ａ弓i艣al腻k腻puru峁�acaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly:鈥斺�淚n these 35 zones on this side of M腻nu峁�ottara and in the Antaradv墨pas, men arise by birth; [...]. From the division into 膧ryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. The 膧ryas have sub-divisions [e.g., 办峁�e迟谤补 (country)]. [...] The 办峁�e迟谤腻谤测补蝉 are born in the 15 Karmabhumis. Here in Bharata they have 25陆 places of origin (e.g., Magadha), distinguishable by cities (e.g., R腻jag峁沨a) in which the birth of T墨rthak峁泃s, Cakrabh峁泃s, K峁涐梗峁嘺s, and Balas takes place鈥�.

2) 惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ) is the name of a mixed caste (offspring of a K峁�atriya-woman and Vai艣ya-man), according to chapter 2.6.鈥擜ccordingly, as chief-minister Subuddhi said to king Sagara said: 鈥淸...] Once upon a time there lived a king in a certain city in Bharata办峁�e迟谤补 in this same Jamb奴dv墨pa. [...] One day, the door-keeper announced: 鈥楽ome man at the door, holding a wreath in his hand, who appears to know the arts, wishes to see Your Majesty in order to tell something now. [...]鈥�. The king spoke graciously to him: 鈥楽ir, from what caste are you, Br腻hman, K峁�atriya, Vai艣ya, or 艢udra? Or are you from the mixed castes, Amba峁ａ弓ha, 惭腻驳补诲丑补, etc.? Or do you know the Vedas, or the Pur腻峁嘺s, or the Sm峁泃is? Or are you an astrologer, or are you expert in the triple science? [...]鈥欌��.

: HereNow4u: Lord 艢r墨 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) is the name of a country visited by 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补 during his seventh year of spiritual-exertion.鈥擜t the end of the rainy season, the Lord broke his fast outside the Bhadrik腻 city and left for Magadha. Wandering across different parts of Magadha, the Lord practised the seventh year of austerity without calamities for eight months. He reached the 膧lambhiy腻 city for the monsoon stay and observing four months fast, completed his c腻turm腻sa meditation breaking his fast outside the city he stayed in the Vasudeva temple in 鈥楰补峁囜笉腻ga鈥� and in Baladeva temple 鈥楤hadd补峁嚹邂�� he reached Bahus腻la village and there in a S腻la forest, he became meditative.

Magadha was also visited by 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补 during his 10th year as 碍别惫补濒墨.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: archive.org: The ocean of story (history)

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥擳his ancient kingdom corresponds to the modern districts of Patna, Gay腻 and 峁⒛録腻b腻d in South Bih腻r. Its great importance in Indian history will be realised when we remember that it was not only the home of Buddhism and Jainism, but also the nucleus of two of the greatest of the Indian empires, the Maurya and the Gupta. Until the sixth century b.c. its capital was Girivraja, when its place was taken by R腻jag峁沨a, the modern R腻jg墨r. Further information will be found in Rhys Davids鈥� Buddhist India, 1905; Cunningham鈥檚 Ancient Geography of India, 1871; and the Cambridge History of India, vol. i, 1922. 鈥攏.m.p.

: Ancient Buddhist Texts: Geography of Early Buddhism

Magadha is one of the sixteen Mah腻janapadas of the Majjhimadesa (Middle Country) of ancient India, as recorded in the P腻li Buddhist texts (detailing the geography of ancient India as it was known in to Early Buddhism).鈥擡arly P腻li literature abounds in information about the Magadha country, its people, and its ancient capital Giribbaja. Magadha roughly corresponds to the modern Patna and Gay腻 districts of Bihar. Its earliest capital was Girivraja, or old R腻jagriha, near R腻jgir among the hills near Gay腻. The Mah腻vagga calls it Giribbaja of the Magadhas in order to distinguish it from other cities of the same name (Cf. Girivraja in Kekaya).

The Vinaya Pi峁璦ka tells us that Magadha comprised eighty thousand villages all of which were under the sway of King Bimbis腻ra. The same work informs us that the river Tapod腻 flowed by this ancient city. Magadha was an important centre of Buddhism. According to the Kath腻vatthu account S腻riputta and Moggall腻na were converted by the Buddha to his faith while the latter was in Magadha. The Samantap腻s腻dik腻 tells us that the missionaries who visited various places to preach the dhamma of Asoka were almost all natives of Magadha. In Asoka鈥檚 time the capital of the Magadhan kingdom was P腻峁璦liputta (the older P腻峁璦lig腻ma where the ministers of Aj腻tasattu built a fort to repel the Vajjis). P腻li literature, however, contains numerous references to R腻jagaha, the ancient capital of Magadha.

: OpenEdition books: 痴颈惫颈诲丑补迟墨谤迟丑补办补濒辫补岣� (History)

惭补驳补诲丑腻 (啶�啶椸ぇ啶�) is the name of a T墨rtha (i.e., non-Jaina holy places), associated with Vaibh腻ra, as is mentioned in the 痴颈惫颈诲丑补迟墨谤迟丑补办补濒辫补 by Jinaprabhas奴ri (13th century A.D.): an ancient text devoted to various Jaina holy places (迟墨谤迟丑补蝉).

: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri鈥檚 Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) is classified as one of the eighteen dialects (De艣墨) of ancient India, as described in the Kath腻s (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanas奴ri in his 8th-century Kuvalayam腻l腻 (a Prakrit Camp奴, similar to K腻vya poetry).鈥擯age 152.24 ff.: Here we have a specimen of eighteen De艣墨 dialects spoken in: [e.g., Magadha] [...] These different idioms of speech were spoken by the shop-keepers in the market place of Vijay腻pur墨. [...]

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

magadha : (m.) the country of Magadha, which includes present Bihar and Orissa. || m腻gadha (adj.) belonging to Magadha.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

惭腻驳补诲丑补, (fr. Magadha) scent-seller, (lit. 鈥渇rom Magadha鈥�) Pv. II, 9³⁷ (=gandhin PvA. 127). (Page 527)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

m腻gadha (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥攎 S A bard or minstrel.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

m腻gadha (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥�m A bard or minstrel.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥�1 Name of a country, the southern part of Bihar; 啶呧じ啷嵿い啶� 啶�啶椸ぇ啷囙し啷� 啶�啷佮し啷嵿お啶�啷佮ぐ啷� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶ㄠ�椸ぐ啷� (asti magadhe峁�u pu峁�papur墨 n腻ma nagar墨) Da艣akum腻racarita 1; 啶呧�椸ぞ啶оじ啶む�嵿い啷嵿さ啷� 啶�啶椸ぇ啶�啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶粪�嵿�犩�� (ag腻dhasattvo magadhaprati峁ａ弓ha岣�) R.6.21.

2) A bard, minstrel.

-诲丑腻岣� (pl.) The people of Magadha, the Magadhas.

-诲丑腻 1 The town of the Magadhas.

2) Long pepper.

Derivable forms: 尘补驳补诲丑补岣� (啶�啶椸ぇ啶�).

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥�a. (-诲丑墨 f.) [啶�啶椸ぇ啶︵�囙ざ啷� 啶�啶掂�� 啶呧ぃ啷� (magadhade艣e bhava岣� 补峁�)] Relating to or living in the country of Magadha or the people of Magadha.

-诲丑补岣� 1 A king of the Magadhas.

2) Name of a mixed tribe, said to have been the offspring of a Vai艣ya father and a K峁�atriya mother, (the duty of the members of this caste being that of professional bards); Manusm峁泃i 1.11,17; 啶曕�嵿し啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶� 啶�啶距�椸ぇ啶� 啶掂�堗ざ啷嵿く啶距い啷� (k峁�atriy腻 m腻gadha峁� vai艣y腻t) Y.1.94; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Bombay) 13.49.1.

3) A bard or panegyrist in general; 啶膏�傕い啶�啶距�椸ぇ啶�啶ㄠ�嵿う啶苦え啶� (蝉奴迟补尘腻驳补诲丑补产补苍诲颈苍补岣�) Bh腻gavata 1.11.2; 啶�啶班た啶｀い啶苦ぎ啶苦い啶� 啶班ぞ啶む�嵿ぐ啷囙ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶距�椸ぇ啶� 啶�啶距ぇ啶掂ぞ啶� (pari峁嘺timiti r腻trerm腻ga诲丑腻 m腻dhav腻ya) 艢i艣up腻lavadha 11.1.

-诲丑腻岣� (pl.) Name of a people, the Magadhas.

-诲丑腻 1 A princess of the Magadhas.

2) Long pepper.

-诲丑墨 1 A princess of the Magadhas; 啶むく啷嬥ぐ啷嵿�溹�椸�冟す啶む�佮�� 啶�啶距う啶距え啷� 啶班ぞ啶溹ぞ 啶班ぞ啶溹�嵿�炧�� 啶� 啶�啶距�椸ぇ啷� (tayorjag峁沨atu岣� p腻d腻n r腻j腻 r腻j帽墨 ca m腻ga诲丑墨) R.1.57.

2) The language of the Magadhas, one of the four principal kinds of Pr腻k峁泃a.

3) Long pepper.

4) White cumin.

5) Refined sugar.

6) A kind of jasmine.

7) A variety of cardamoms.

8) The daughter of a K峁�atriya mother and a Vai艣ya father.

9) Anise.

1) Name of a river (艣辞峁嚹�).

11) A kind of 啶班��啶むた (谤墨迟颈) in rhetorics. The 啶呧げ啶權�嵿�曕ぞ啶班ざ啷囙�栢�� (补濒补峁卥腻谤补艣别办丑补谤补) (7) gives the following illustration:啶�啶距ぃ啷� 啶�啶︵�嵿ぎ啶оた啶�啶� 啶�啶о�傕��- 啶曕�佮じ啷佮ぎ啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距え啷嵿い啷嵿く啶� 啶�啷佮え啶班�嵿�椸ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶�啷嬥ぐ啷嵿え啷�啶侧�囙え啷嵿う啷�啶掂ぐ啶多�權�嵿�曕く啶� 啶ㄠく啶ㄠく啷嬥ぐ啷嵿が啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啷傕�曕が啷佮う啷嵿ぇ啷嵿く啶距ぇ啶班�� 啷� 啶侧��啶�啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啶曕が啶班��啶粪�� 啶�啶距え啷嵿ぇ啶掂�溹え啶掂�嵿く啶距ぎ啷嬥す啶溹ぞ啶むじ啷嵿お啷冟す啶� 啶︵�佮ぐ啷嵿さ啶距ぐ啶� 啶�啶о�佮お啶距�� 啶曕た啶�啶ㄠ�嵿い啶� 啶むぐ啷佮ぃ啶� 啶膏�嵿ぅ啶距え啶距え啶� 啶班�曕�嵿し啶苦し啷嵿く啶膏た (p腻峁嘺u padmadhiy腻 madh奴ka- kusumabhr腻nty腻 punarg补峁囜笉ayorn墨lend墨vara艣a峁卥ay腻 nayanayorbandh奴kabuddhy腻dhare | l墨yante kabar墨峁�u b腻ndhavajanavy腻mohaj腻tasp峁沨腻 durv腻r腻 madhup腻岣� kiyanti taru峁噄 sth腻n腻ni rak峁�i峁�yasi) ||

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惭腻驳补诲丑腻 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ啶�).鈥擫ong pepper.

See also (synonyms): 尘腻驳补诲丑颈办腻.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥攏ame of a yak峁�a: 惭补丑腻-惭腻测奴谤墨 63.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥攎.

(-诲丑补岣�) 1. A country, South Behar. 2. An inhabitant of that country. 3. A bard, whose peculiar province is to sing the praises of a chief鈥檚 ancestry in his presence, a family bard or minstrel. f.

(-诲丑腻) 1. Long pepper. 2. The town of the Magadhas. E. magadha a Kandwadi verb, to ask, aff. ac; or magadha the country, 补峁� aff., with alteration of the vowel optional; hence also m腻gadha .

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥攎fn.

(-诲丑补岣�-诲丑墨-dha峁�) Belonging to, or produced in the province of Magad'ha or south Behar. m.

(-诲丑补岣�) 1. A bard, a minstrel, whose duty it is, to recite the praises of sovereigns, their genealogy, and the deeds of their ancestors, in their presence; and to attend oni the march of an army, and animate the soldiers by martial songs: the minstrel forms a particular caste, said to spring from a Vaisya father, and Kshetriya mother; in mythology, they are said to have been created at once by the will of Siva; under the name of Bhauts, they are still numerous in the west of Inda where they are a privileged tribe. 2. Cumin-seed. m. Plu.

(-诲丑腻岣�) The inhabitants or people of Magadha. f. (-诲丑墨) 1. A kind of jasmine. (Jasminum auriculatum.) 2. Long-pepper, (Piper longum.) 3. A sort of cardamoms grown in Guzerat. 4. Refined sugar. 5. A dialect of Sanskrit: one of the principal forms of Prakrita, and nearly the same as that used in the sacred books of the Baudd'has and Jain'as: in the drama it is the dialect of the attendants and companions of royal personages. E. magadha a Kandwadi verb, to ask, (reward,) aff. 补峁�; or magadha the country, and 补峁� derivative aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥擨. m. 1. The name of a country, [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] 36, 10, M. M. 2. An inhabitant of that country. 3. A bard. Ii. f. 诲丑腻, Long pepper.

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥攊. e. magadha + a, I. adj. Belonging to, or produced in, Magadha, [Raghuva峁兣沘, (ed. Stenzler.)] 1, 57. Ii. m. 1. pl. The inhabitants of Magadha. 2. A bard, [Johnson's Selections from the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补.] 37, 16. 3. The son of a Vai艣ya by a K峁�atriya woman, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 10. 11. 4. Cumin-seed. Iii. f. 诲丑墨. 1. One of the Prak峁泃a dialects. 2. A kind of jasmine, Jasminum auriculatum. 3. Long pepper. 4. A sort of cardamoms. 5. Refined sugar.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Magadha (啶�啶椸��).鈥擺masculine] [plural] [Name] of a country and people.

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ).鈥擺feminine] 墨 relating to, coming from, or born among the Magadhas.

鈥� [masculine] a prince of the Magadhas, [plural] [Name] of a people ( = magadha) & a caste; [feminine] 腻 a princess of the [Middle], [feminine] 墨 the same or the language of the Magadhas.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Magadha (啶�啶椸��):鈥�m. the country of the Magadhas, South Beh腻r ([plural] the people of that country), [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.

2) a minstrel who sings the praises of a chief鈥檚 ancestry, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) 惭补驳补诲丑腻 (啶�啶椸ぇ啶�):鈥擺from magadha] f. the town of the M掳s [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) [v.s. ...] long pepper, [Su艣ruta]

5) 惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ):鈥攎f(墨)n. relating to or born in or living in or customary among the Magadhas or the Magadha country, [Atharva-veda.Pari艣.; Lalita-vistara] etc.

6) m. a king of the M掳, [惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补; Hariva峁兣沘]

7) Name of a mixed caste, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc. (accord to, [Manu-sm峁泃i x, 11] the son of a K峁�atriya mother and a Vai艣ya father; he is the professional bard or panegyrist of a king, often associated with 蝉奴迟补 and bandin, [惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补; K腻vya literature] etc.; [according to] to others one who informs a R腻ja of what occurs in bazaars; also an unmarried woman鈥檚 son who lives by running messages or who cleans wells or dirty clothes etc.; also opprobrious Name of a tribe still numerous in Gujarat, and called the Bh腻ts, [Horace H. Wilson])

8) white cumin, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) Name of one of the seven sages in the 14th Manv-antara, [Hariva峁兣沘]

10) of a son of Yadu, [ib.]

11) ([plural]) Name of a people (= maga诲丑腻岣�), [Atharva-veda.Pari艣.; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补] etc.

12) of the warrior-caste in 艢腻ka-dv墨pa, [Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺]

13) of a dynasty, [ib.]

14) 惭腻驳补诲丑腻 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ啶�):鈥擺from m腻gadha] f. a princess of the Magadhas, [Padma-pur腻峁嘺]

15) [v.s. ...] long pepper, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Magadha (啶�啶椸��):鈥�(诲丑补岣�) 1. m. A country south Behar; an inhabitant of it; a family bard. f. (诲丑腻) Long-pepper.

2) 惭腻驳补诲丑补 (啶�啶距�椸ぇ):鈥�(诲丑补岣�) 1. m. A bard; a minstrel; cumin seed; plu. inhabitants of south Beh腻r. f. (诲丑墨) A dialect; jasmin. a. Belonging to Beh腻r.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Magadha (啶�啶椸��) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Magaha, Magahaga.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Magadha (嗖�嗖椸��):鈥�

1) [noun] a minstrel who sings the praises of a king and his ancestry.

2) [noun] name of a country corresponding to the current southern Bihar state.

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (嗖�嗖距矖嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] the plant Chrysanthemum indicum ( = Pyrethrum indicum) of Asteraceae family.

2) [noun] its flower.

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (嗖�嗖距矖嗖�):鈥擺adjective] of or belonging to the country 嗖�嗖椸�� [magadha].

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惭腻驳补诲丑补 (嗖�嗖距矖嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] any king of the ancient country 嗖�嗖椸��, [magadha,] the southern region of present Bihar state.

2) [noun] a bard who would sing in praise of his king.

3) [noun] (masc.) an offspring of a such a bard and a woman of k峁�atriya (military caste).

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Kvi, Magga, A, Magadha, Davu, Du, Na.

Starts with (+7): Magadhabhasa, Magadhadesha, Magadhadeshiya, Magadhagamaka, Magadhajadi, Magadhajanapada, Magadhajira, Magadhaka, Magadhakhetta, Magadhalipi, Magadhamadhava, Magadhamahamatta, Magadhamaharaja, Magadhanali, Magadhanarkuti, Magadhaparibhasha, Magadhapratishtha, Magadhapura, Magadhatirtha, Magadhatirthakumara.

Full-text (+495): Magadhi, Sumagadha, Magadhika, Magadhapura, Magadheshvara, Rajagriha, Magadhadeshiya, Magadhaka, Madhavamagadha, Girivraja, Magadhodbhava, Magadhadesha, Rishigiri, Magadhamadhava, Pataliputra, Magadhalipi, Magadhiya, Purvamagadha, Makatam, Magadhaparibhasha.

Relevant text

Search found 223 books and stories containing Magadha, 惭腻驳补诲丑补, 惭腻驳补诲丑腻, 惭补驳补诲丑腻, Magadha-na, Magadha-峁嘺, Maga-dhavu-kvi, Maga-诲丑腻vu-kv墨, Magga-thu-a, Magadha-na, 惭腻驳补诲丑补-峁嘺; (plurals include: Magadhas, 惭腻驳补诲丑补s, 惭腻驳补诲丑腻s, 惭补驳补诲丑腻s, nas, 峁嘺s, kvis, kv墨s, as). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verses 6.1.48-51 < [Chapter 1 - Jar腻sandha鈥檚 Defeat]

Verse 1.12.36 < [Chapter 12 - Description of 艢r墨 Nanda鈥檚 Festival]

Verse 6.1.8 < [Chapter 1 - Jar腻sandha鈥檚 Defeat]

+ 10 more chapters / show preview

The Sun-Worshipping Sakadvipiya Brahmanas (by Martina Palladino)

3. The Other Pur腻峁嘺s and the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 < [Chapter 1 - The Pur腻峁噄c Sections]

3.1. Two other poems: The S腻mvavijaya < [Chapter 3 - Late Poems]

1. Epigraphic Evidence < [Chapter 4 - Some Reflections on the 艢腻kadv墨p墨ya Presence in India]

+ 4 more chapters / show preview

Bhagavata Purana (by G. V. Tagare)

Chapter 50(a) - Jar腻sandha鈥檚 Second Expedition < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]

Chapter 50(b) - The Third Siege of Mathura: Jar腻sandha鈥檚 defeat < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]

Chapter 5 - Celebration of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 Birth: Meeting of Nanda and Vasudeva < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]

+ 22 more chapters / show preview

Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)

Professions, Servants and Employed persons < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]

Miscellaneous (1): Geographical Data < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]

C腻turvar峁噛a System < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]

+ 1 more chapters / show preview

Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)

Verse 10.6 < [Section II - Mixed Castes]

Verse 10.26 < [Section II - Mixed Castes]

Verse 10.31 < [Section II - Mixed Castes]

+ 9 more chapters / show preview

Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)

Part 14: Expedition of conquest < [Chapter IV - Anantan腻thacaritra]

Part 18: Expedition of conquest < [Chapter II - V腻sup奴jyacaritra]

Part 23: Conquest of southern half of Bharata by Trip峁涐梗峁環a < [Chapter I - 艢rey腻峁僺an腻thacaritra]

+ 52 more chapters / show preview

 

Click here for all 223 books

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