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Alternative spellings of this word include Chhala.

Ambiguity: Although Chala has separate glossary definitions below, it also represents an alternative spelling of the word Cala. It further has the optional forms Chola, 颁丑补濒腻, 颁丑腻濒补, Chorik腻, Chorika, Cho岣穉-a, Cholia-a, Chola-a, Cho岣穉-d腻na, Cholia-dana, Chola-dana, Chora-a, Chora-腻, Chora-nika-a, Chora-峁噄ka-腻, Chala-a, Chala-na, Chala-峁嘺, Chala-na-a and Chala-峁嘺-腻.

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In Hinduism

Nyaya (school of philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Ny腻ya

Chala (啶涏げ) refers to 鈥渜uibbling鈥�. It is one of the sixteen categories of discussion (辫补诲腻谤迟丑补) according to the doctrine of the 狈测腻测补-蝉奴迟谤补蝉 by Ak峁�ap腻da. The sixteen 辫补诲腻谤迟丑补s represent a method of intellectual analysis and categorize everything that is knowable and nameable.

: Shodhganga: A study of Ny腻ya-vai艣e峁�ika categories

Chala (啶涏げ, 鈥渜uibbling鈥�) refers to the fourteenth of the sixteen 辫补诲腻谤迟丑补s (鈥渃补迟别驳辞谤颈别蝉鈥�) in the first chapter of Gautama鈥檚 Ny腻yas奴tra (2nd century CE). Chala is a kind of playing upon words, ideas and metaphors. One says a sentence in a certain meaning, but the opponent changes the meaning of the sentence to show it as fallacious. It is known as chala. Gautama says that chala is the opposition to a statement by the assumption of an alternative meaning.

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Nyaya (啶ㄠ�嵿く啶距��, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: N腻峁瓂a-艣腻stra

Chala (啶涏げ, 鈥渄eception鈥�) refers to one of the thirteen types of 惫墨迟丑颈, according to the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 20. V墨thi represents one of the 诲补艣补谤奴辫补 or, 鈥渢en kinds of dramatic plays鈥�, which are said to have originated from the various styles (惫峁泃迟颈), discussed in chapter 22 of the same work.

: archive.org: Natya Shastra

Chala (啶涏げ).鈥擮ne of the thirteen types of 惫墨迟丑颈;鈥擶hen after alluring one by replies, something opposite is done through those very replies being considered meaningless, it is an instance of Deception (chala).

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Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Ayurveda (science of life)

: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Chala (啶涏げ):鈥擺chalam] Fraudulent or delusive statements and unmeaning verbosity

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膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Chala (啶涏げ) refers to 鈥渄eceitful鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur腻峁嘺 2.3.25 (鈥淭he seven celestial sages test P腻rvat墨鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as 艢iva said to the seven Sages: 鈥淸...] O brahmins, she is desirous of attaining me as her husband. She is being served by her maids. She has discarded all other desires. She is determined in her resolve. O excellent sages, you go there at my bidding. With love in mind, conduct the test of her resolve. O virtuous ones of good rites, at my bidding, you need not hesitate to employ even deceitful [i.e., 肠丑补濒补-蝉补峁儁耻办迟补] and critical remarks鈥�.

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The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Mantrashastra (the science of Mantras)

: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita鈥擳ext on Visha Chikitsa (mantra)

Chala (啶涏げ) refers to 鈥渃overtly (learning a mantra)鈥� according to the Vi峁ａ箛utilaka (Mantrayoga, 148-52).鈥擬antras refers to 鈥渢hat which is chanted by people to obtain their spiritual aspirations鈥�. The Vi峁ａ箛utilaka states that a mantra cannot be learnt by an aspirant accidently or covertly (chala), and those learnt in an unethical manner do not yield fruits. The aspirant has to stay in the gurukula for 12-15 years, systematically learning from his Guru, all the mandated scriptures, with rigorous practice, which will facilitate him to master the desired mantra.

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Mantrashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 尘补苍迟谤补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to the ancient Indian science of mantras鈥攃hants, incantations, spells, magical hymns, etc. Mantra Sastra literature includes many ancient books dealing with the methods reciting mantras, identifying and purifying its defects and the science behind uttering or chanting syllables.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

Chala (啶氞げ): A Kaurava warrior.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Chala.鈥�(IE 8-8), meaning uncertain; probably, a pretext. (EI 30), probably, a plea, or persecution, prosecution. Note: chala is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

: Shodhganga: The significance of the m奴la-beras (history)

Chola Dynasty (300 BCE鈥�1279 CE):鈥擳he last important phase of art in South India is a mingling of late Chalukya and late Chola art under the Vijayanagara monarchs. A great builder of Chola art and architecture was Kulottunga III (AD 1178-1218). He built the Kampaharesvara Temple at Tribhuvanam and also at Kanchi, Madurai, Chidambaram, Tiruvidaimarudur and Darasuram. Due to the enthusiasm of the Chola kings, Saivism swept over the whole of South India and reached beyond the seas. Thousands of temples were built, giving full rein to the architects and image-makers. This passion was paralleled by a desire to improve the images.

A boom in bronze images marked the Chola period (AD 850-1200). In each temple, though the li峁単a remained the central fixed image of worship, there were many movable pieces to be taken out in spectacular processions to stimulate the imagination of the people and help to spread and consolidate the dominant religion. Stone images were not suitable for this purpose and metal ones had to be cast in large numbers. These movable figures were smaller and were mounted on a base, which had either circular holes to thread the poles through, or were provided with lashing rings to secure the image to a litter to be carried in procession.

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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Chola in India is the name of a plant defined with Casuarina equisetifolia in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Casuarina equisetifolia L. ex J.R. & G. Forster (among others).

2) Chola is also identified with Cicer arietinum It has the synonym Ononis crotalarioides M.E. Jones, nom. illeg. (etc.).

3) Chola is also identified with Cinnamomum verum It has the synonym Camphora mauritiana Lukman. (etc.).

4) Chola is also identified with Vigna unguiculata It has the synonym Dolichos hastifolius Schnizl. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Nomenclature et Iconographie des Canneliers et Camphriers (1889)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Journ. Arn. Arb. (1950)
· Centuria II. Plantarum (1756)
· Nomenclator Botanicus (1840)
· Flora Indica (1768)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Chola, for example chemical composition, side effects, extract dosage, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, health benefits, have a look at these references.

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Chala in India is the name of a plant defined with Altingia excelsa in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Liquidambar altingiana Blume.

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Journal of the Arnold Arboretum (1977)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Verhandelingen van het bataviaasch genootschap van kunsten en wetenschappen (1790)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Chala, for example side effects, diet and recipes, extract dosage, health benefits, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, have a look at these references.

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This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

chala (啶涏げ).鈥攎 n (S) Disguise; an assumed form; a counterfeit appearance. 2 A sham, pretence, feint. 3 Teasing, harassing, annoying. 4 Fraud, trickery, circumvention.

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cha岣穉 (啶涏こ).鈥攎 (chala S) Teasing, tormenting, harassing, persecuting. 2 Confounded with chala q. v. cha岣纺�峁� cha岣穉峁嚹撫箖 To torment.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

chala (啶涏げ).鈥�m n Disguise. A pretence. Fraud. Teasing.

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Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Chala (啶涏げ).鈥擺chal-ac]

1) Fraud, trick, deceit, deception; 啶掂た啶︵�嵿ぎ啶灌�� 啶多�� 啶�啶侧ぞ啶�啶ㄠ�氞�嵿�涏げ啶距え啶� (vidmahe 艣a峁環a pal腻yanacchal腻ni) R.19.31; 啶涏げ啶�啶む�嵿ぐ 啶� 啶椸�冟す啷嵿く啶む�� (chalamatra na g峁沨yate) Mk. 9.18; Y.1.61; Manusm峁泃i 8.49,187; Amaru艣ataka 16; 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补 13.11.

2) Roguery, knavery.

3) A plea, pretext, guise, semblance (often used in this sense to denote an 耻迟辫谤别办峁Ｄ�); 啶呧じ啷佮ぐ啶曕�嵿し啶距す啶� 啶�啶灌�佮�氞�嵿�涏げ啶距�� 啶多�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶� (asurak峁Ｄ録i bahucchal腻岣� 艣riya岣�) Kir腻t腻rjun墨ya 2.39; 啶�啶班た啶栢ぞ啶掂げ啶�啶氞�嵿�涏げ啷囙え 啶�啶� 啶� 啶�啶班�囙し啶距�� 啶椸�嵿ぐ啶灌ぃ啶膏�嵿く 啶椸�嬥�氞ぐ啶� (parikh腻valayacchalena y腻 na pare峁Ｄ遽箖 graha峁嘺sya gocar腻) N.2.95; 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啶班�嵿お啷嵿�� 啶�啷傕�溹ぞ啶�啷佮お啶︵ぞ啶氞�嵿�涏げ啷囙�� (pratyarpya p奴j腻mupad腻cchalena) R.7.3; 6.54;16.28; Bha峁�峁璱k腻vya 1.1; Amaru艣ataka 15; M腻lat墨m腻dhava (Bombay) 9.1.

4) Intention.

5) Wickedness.

6) A family.

7) Design, device.

8) Fiction, circumvention.

9) Deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words; 啶掂た啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶� 啶�啶班ぇ啶班�嵿ぎ啶多�嵿�� 啶嗋き啶距じ 啶夃お啶�啶� 啶涏げ啶� 啷� 啶呧ぇ啶班�嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶栢ぞ啶� 啶�啶炧�嵿�氞�囙ぎ啶� 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶溹�嵿�炧�嬥そ啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶掂い啷� 啶む�嵿く啶溹�囙い啷� (vidharma岣� paradharma艣ca 腻bh腻sa upam腻 肠丑补濒补岣� | adharma艣腻kh腻岣� pa帽cem腻 dharmaj帽o'dharmavat tyajet) Bh腻gavata 7.15.12.

1) Difficult subject; 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ 啶灌た 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶氞�佮ぐ啶氞�嵿�涏げ啶�啷� (brahma hi pracuracchalam) Mah腻bh腻rata (Bombay) 12.328.6.

Derivable forms: 肠丑补濒补岣� (啶涏げ啶�), chalam (啶涏げ啶�啷�).

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颁丑腻濒补 (啶涏ぞ啶�).鈥擝ark; a bark-garment.

Derivable forms: 肠丑腻濒补岣� (啶涏ぞ啶侧��), 肠丑腻濒补尘 (啶涏ぞ啶侧ぎ啷�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Chala (啶涏げ).鈥攏.

(-濒补峁�) 1. Wickedness. 2. Fraud, circumvention, trick, stratagem. 3. Design, device. E. chala to cut, alac affix, and the radical finai rejected.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Chala (啶涏げ).鈥� (cf. vb. skhal), 1. Fraud, [搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺] 4, 57, 10. 2. Artful management, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 8, 49. 3. Pretext, [艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补] 9, 48. 4. Intention, M腻rk. P. 25, 10.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Chala (啶涏げ).鈥擺neuter] ([masculine]) fraud, deceit, pretence, delusion, appearance, fiction. 掳鈥� & [instrumental] with fraud, deceitfully; chalatas under the disguise of (鈥斅�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Chala (啶涏げ):鈥擺from chal] n. (鈭�skhal) (exceptionally m., [Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 vii, 15, 12]; [gana] 补谤诲丑补谤肠腻诲颈) fraud, deceit, sham, guise, pretence, delusion, semblance, fiction, feint, trick, fallacy (often ifc., e.g. 耻辫补诲腻-肠丑补濒别苍补, 鈥榰nder pretence of gifts of honour鈥� id est. with feigned gifts, [Raghuva峁兣沘 vii, 27]; 谤补箩补艣-肠丑补濒别苍补, 鈥榰nder the semblance of dust鈥�, [xvi, 28]; See 办补苍测补办腻-, dharma-, 惫腻办-), [Manu-sm峁泃i viii, 49 and] (a-cch, [negative]), [187; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc. (ifc. f(腻). , [Kath腻sarits腻gara lxii, 164])

2) [v.s. ...] deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words, [Ny腻yas奴tra i, 51 ff.; Sarvadar艣ana-sa峁僩raha]

3) [v.s. ...] wickedness, [Horace H. Wilson]; for sthala, [Mah腻bh腻rata xiii. 7257]

4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a son of Dala, [Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 iv, 4, 47];

5) 颁丑补濒腻 (啶涏げ啶�):鈥擺from chala > chal] f. ifc. in names of several treatises or chapters belonging to, [S腻ma-veda] (e.g. -奴丑补-, 奴丑测补-, etc., qq.vv.)

6) 颁丑腻濒补 (啶涏ぞ啶�):鈥�m. ([gana] 补谤诲丑补谤肠腻诲颈, not in [K腻艣ik腻-惫峁泃迟颈] and, [Ga峁嘺ratna-mahodadhi]) Cyprinus Rohita, [Demetrius Galanos鈥檚 Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Chala (啶涏げ):鈥�(濒补峁�) 1. n. Wickedness, deception.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Chala (啶涏げ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Chala.

[Sanskrit to German]

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Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Chala (啶涏げ) [Also spelled chhal]:鈥�(nm) guile, deception; trick, ruse; sham; -[办补辫补峁璦] dodge and duplicity; ~[gh腻ta] assassination; ~[gh腻t墨] an assassin; -[肠丑补峁僤补] guile and wile; ~[肠丑补峁僤墨] fraudulent, deceitful; -[chidra] guile and wile; -[bala se] by hook or crook, by fair means or foul; fraudulently.

2) 颁丑腻濒补 (啶涏ぞ啶�) [Also spelled chhal]:鈥�(nf) bark.

3) Ch腻l腻 (啶涏ぞ啶侧ぞ) [Also spelled chhala]:鈥�(nm) a blister, burn; [ch腻le pa岣峚n腻/hon腻] to have blisters.

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Prakrit-English dictionary

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Chala (啶涏げ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Chala.

2) Chala (啶涏げ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Chala.

3) 颁丑腻濒补 (啶涏ぞ啶�) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ch腻ga.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Chala (嗖涏膊):鈥�

1) [noun] the quality of being firmly resolved, determined; firmness of the mind; resoluteness.

2) [noun] the quality or state of being obstinate or being unreasonably adhering to one鈥檚 purpose, opinion; stubbornness.

3) [noun] a firm hold or control.

4) [noun] a resolute, determined man.

5) [noun] 嗖涏膊嗖︵矀嗖� [chaladamka] chaladanka (used as a title) one who achieves something, working for it resolutely despite odds; 2. a man who is unreasonably obstinate; 嗖涏膊嗖︵矀嗖� 嗖�嗖侧硩嗖� [chaladamka malla] chaladanka malla = 嗖涏膊嗖︵矀嗖� [chaladamka].

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Chala (嗖涏膊):鈥�

1) [noun] a false reason or motive put forth to hide the real one; an excuse; a pretext.

2) [noun] an instance of cheating; deceit; fraud; trickery.

3) [noun] (in a court of law) the act of passing severe judgement, censuring or faultfinding in another鈥檚 statement or argument.

4) [noun] (pros.) a skilful statement, remark or complimentary that is nicely phrased with pleasing words, but, in fact, meant to be a condemning remark.

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Cha岣穉 (嗖涏渤):鈥擺noun] = 嗖涏膊 [chala]2.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) Chala (啶涏げ):鈥攏. 1. fraud; dissembling; 2. pretext; pretense; 3. trickery; deception; knavery; 4. a divine design; fate;

2) 颁丑腻濒补 (啶涏ぞ啶�):鈥攏. 1. wave; spray; ripple; 2. bark; skin; rind; 3. flax;

3) Ch腻l腻 (啶涏ぞ啶侧ぞ):鈥攏. 1. skin; leather; hide; 2. bark; 3. fig. land; field;

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Chol腻 (啶涏�嬥げ啶�):鈥攏. a mixture of grams, lentils, peas, soybeans, etc.;

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Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Pali-English dictionary

[Pali to Burmese]

: Sutta: Tipi峁璦ka P腻岣穒-Myanmar Dictionary (醼愥��醼曖��醼嬦��-醼曖��醼犪��醼欋�坚�斸�横�欋�� 醼♂�樶��醼撫��醼斸��)

肠丑补濒补鈥�

(Burmese text): (醽�) 醼曖�氠�横�栣�会��醼横�佱�坚�勧�横�羔亰 醼炨�搬�愥�呩�横�曖��醼羔�呩��醼�醼羔��醼�醼� 醼曖�氠�横�栣�会��醼横�佱�坚�勧�横�羔亱 (醽�) 醼�醼贬��醼�醼横��醼会�呩��-醼呩�夅�横�羔�溼�册�佱�坚�勧�横�羔亰 醼溼��醼欋�横�溼�娽��-醼溼�踞�娽�丰�横�曖�愥��-醼佱�坚�勧�横�羔亱 (醽�) 醼佱�会�结�愥�横�佱�会�贬��醼横�佱�坚�勧�横�羔亱 醼欋�搬�涐�勧�横�羔��醼坚�娽�丰�横�曖��醽�

(Auto-Translation): (1) Rejection, rejection of someone else's words. (2) Contradiction, deception - evasion. (3) Missing or omission. Please refer to the original.

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Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Dana, A, Niga, Cho, Chala, Lila, Cora, Na.

Starts with (+18): Calaka, Calakkam, Calakkaran, Calakkiramam, Calaku, Calati, Chalabhijatiya Sutta, Chalabhinna, Chalacetana, Chalachalana, Chalachali, Chalachalisu, Chalachhada, Chaladruma, Chaladyuta, Chalagara, Chalagarti, Chalagedi, Chalagedu, Chalagrahaka.

Full-text (+405): Shala, Kali, Calaka, Chalana, Acala, Calacala, Nishchala, Brihakchala, Vakchala, Calani, Chalavadi, Chalavada, Gochala, Pachala, Chalita, Colanatu, Karikala, Calalinga, Nillacchita, Kanyakachala.

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Search found 138 books and stories containing Chala, Cha岣穉, Chola, 颁丑补濒腻, 颁丑腻濒补, Chorik腻, Chorika, Ch腻l腻, Chol腻, Chaalaa, Cholas, Cho-ala, Cho岣穉-a, Cholia-a, Chola-a, Cho岣穉-d腻na, Cholia-dana, Chola-dana, Chora-a, Chora-腻, Chora-nika-a, Chora-峁噄ka-腻, Chala-a, Chala-na, Chala-峁嘺, Chala-na-a, Chala-峁嘺-腻; (plurals include: Chalas, Cha岣穉s, Cholas, 颁丑补濒腻s, 颁丑腻濒补s, Chorik腻s, Chorikas, Ch腻l腻s, Chol腻s, Chaalaas, Cholases, alas, as, d腻nas, danas, 腻s, nas, 峁嘺s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

The history of Andhra country (1000 AD - 1500 AD) (by Yashoda Devi)

Part 2 - Balliya chola (A.D. 950) < [Chapter XX - The Telugu Cholas (Chodas)]

Part 1 - The Haihayas of Konamandala (A.D. 1073鈥�1364) < [Chapter II - The Haihayas]

Part 50 - A New Family of the Telugu Cholas (Nellore) < [Chapter XX - The Telugu Cholas (Chodas)]

+ 180 more chapters / show preview

Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)

Dialectical terms (22): Quibble (chala) < [Chapter 7 - Logic and Dialectical Speculations]

Fundamental Categories (辫补诲腻谤迟丑补 or tattva) [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]

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Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verse 5.18.10 < [Chapter 18 - Uddhava Hears the Gop墨s鈥� Words and Returns to Mathur腻]

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Later Chola Temples (by S. R. Balasubrahmanyam)

Chapter III - Vikrama Chola (a.d. 1118-1135)

Temples in Nidur < [Chapter II - Temples of Kulottunga I鈥檚 Time]

Appendix 1: Three Chieftains mentioned in inscriptions < [Chapter VIII - Temples of Rajaraja II鈥檚 Time]

+ 156 more chapters / show preview

Temples of Munnur (Historical Study) (by R. Muthuraman)

History of Arulala Perumal Temple < [Chapter 1]

Adavalleswarar or Adavalleeswarar Temple (Architecture) < [Chapter 4]

Etymology of Munnur < [Chapter 1]

+ 63 more chapters / show preview

Kingship in early Medieval India (by Sudip Narayan Maitra)

Part 4 - Kaveri Delta region: Sub Period III: 900-1300 A.D. < [Chapter 4 - Kingship and Polity in Kaveri Delta Region]

Part 5 - Caste Status (of the Kaveri Delta and the Cholas) < [Chapter 5 - The Cholas and the Eastern Gangas (comparative study)]

Part 2 - Kaveri Delta region: Sub Period I: 300-600 A.D. < [Chapter 4 - Kingship and Polity in Kaveri Delta Region]

+ 28 more chapters / show preview

 

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