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Significance of Doubt

Doubt, across various Hindu philosophies and practices, is characterized by uncertainty influenced by lack of conviction or clarity. In Hinduism, it embodies a state of knowledge marked by conflicting evidence, whereas Vaishnavism and other traditions highlight its impact on spiritual dedication and personal growth. Doubt is often seen as a destructive force that can hinder one's understanding and progress. Different schools, such as Vedanta and Mahayana, elaborate on its role in questioning beliefs and practices, emphasizing the need for resolution and clarity.1
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Synonyms: Hesitation, Skepticism, Mistrust, Suspicion, Indecision, Disbelief

In Spanish: Duda; In Dutch: Twijfel; In Finnish: 贰辫盲颈濒濒盲; In German: Zweifeln; In Swedish: Tvivel; In Malay: Keraguan; In French: Doute

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Doubt'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "Doubt" signifies a pervasive uncertainty about meditation, teachings, and spiritual truths, acting as a significant hindrance to progress and understanding. This mental obstacle complicates commitment to the spiritual path and can disrupt decisiveness.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: A Manual of Abhidhamma

(1) A mental condition that can hinder decisiveness and is excluded from certain types of conscious experience.[1] (2) A mental hindrance that can be suspended during the deep concentration achieved in Jhana.[2] (3) A state of uncertainty about beliefs or actions, leading to confusion and hesitation.[3]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks鈥� rules)

(1) A state of uncertainty that can lead to different consequences based on the monk's decision regarding the nature of the sleeping-room.[4]

From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life

(1) A state of uncertainty regarding spiritual truths, teachings, or one's practice that creates obstacles to progress.[5]

From: Cetasikas

(1) A hindrance characterized by uncertainty about the teachings of the Buddha, which obstructs nurturing understanding.[6]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (2): Bhikkhuni-vibhanga (the analysis of Nun鈥� rules)

(1) The uncertainty regarding whether the robe has been given up or not, which affects the ruling on the behaviour of the nun.[7]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka

(1) The uncertainty experienced by monks regarding the appropriateness of inviting others.[8]

From: Maha Buddhavamsa鈥擳he Great Chronicle of Buddhas

(1) Uncertainty regarding one's path and practices, forming part of Mara's Seventh Army, which hinders progress.[9]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

(1) Vicikitsa; uncertainties or hesitations about beliefs and practices that can hinder one's spiritual progress.[10] (2) The state of uncertainty concerning the existence of nirvana.[11] (3) A lack of conviction or uncertainty regarding meditation practices, considered another obstacle to achieving a meditative state.[12]

From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra

(1) A mental state of uncertainty regarding beliefs or teachings, particularly in relation to the nature of reality.[13]

From: Shurangama Sutra (with commentary) (English)

(1) A hindrance that creates uncertainty and can impede one's commitment to the spiritual path.[14]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) An uncertainty regarding a fact or concept, specifically referenced in the form of the term 鈥楢reka鈥� in Kamalashila鈥檚 commentary.[15]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Doubt'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Doubt represents a cognitive state marked by uncertainty regarding beliefs, existence, and relationships, often undermining virtue and personal growth. It reflects confusion between perceptions and demands careful examination to seek truth and clarity.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) A feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction about Radha's status, which the speaker claims to have overcome.[16] (2) A feeling of uncertainty, which the text assures does not apply to the attainment of Krishna.[17] (3) The certainty expressed regarding the inevitability of the separation due to the curse.[18] (4) the feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction that Nanda experienced upon realizing the necklaces were fewer than expected.[19] (5) A feeling of uncertainty regarding a situation or outcome.[20]

From: Chaitanya Mangala

(1) A feeling of uncertainty that requires careful attention from individuals to understand the truth revealed by Lord Gaura.[21]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The uncertainty experienced by individuals, particularly regarding their ability to maintain dedication amidst obstacles.[22]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) This is something that the word 'but' discards in the discussion of the superintending deities, indicating a clarification or resolution in the argument.[23] (2) A state of uncertainty regarding whether the individual soul is produced from Brahman or exists independently and eternally.[24]

From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)

(1) Questions or uncertainties regarding the nature of the Self and its relation to the physical world.[25]

From: Vivekachudamani

(1) Uncertainty or lack of conviction concerning one's beliefs or the nature of reality.[26]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) A state of uncertainty or indecision regarding an object's nature or existence.[27]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Vaisheshika (school of philosophy):
Vaisheshika Books

From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali

(1) A cognitive uncertainty that arises when a person perceives similar properties in two distinct objects but fails to recognize their distinctive features, leading to a pondering question of which object is being perceived.[28] (2) A cognitive state that involves uncertainty between two recognized objects, characterized by the remembrance of their peculiar traits.[29]

Vaisheshika refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Gautami Mahatmya

(1) A destructive force that undermines virtue and wealth, creating a significant barrier to personal growth.[30]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja鈥檚 Rajamartanda)

(1) A disposition of the thinking principle that vacillates between both sides of a question, affecting the practice of Yoga.[31]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Significance in Hinduism (general):

From: The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha

(1) A state of knowledge characterized by uncertainty caused by lack of distinctive attributes or conflicting evidence.[32]

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Refers to the uncertainty regarding the paternity and maternity of the child when either the man or the woman is absent.[33]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology):
Jyotisha Books

From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology

(1) This keyword refers to the state of uncertainty or lack of conviction, which is considered an aspect of the twelfth house in astrological judgments, as explained in the given text.[34]

Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, jyotisha or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

The concept of Doubt in local and regional sources

History Books

Doubt is depicted as a multifaceted concept, representing uncertainties resolved through spiritual guidance, personal skepticism about promised blessings, and a hindrance to progress and unity among individuals, as illustrated in the text.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints

(1) Questions or uncertainties that were alleviated through the spiritual instruction received by the devotees.[35] (2) The uncertainty expressed by Jaitpal's wife regarding the blessings and future promised by Tulsidas.[36]

From: Triveni Journal

(1) An enemy that hinders progress and creates barriers to understanding and unity among humanity.[37]

Plural form: Doubts.