Evaluation of Singhasyadi Kwatha in Vatarakta (Gout) Management
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Clinical Evaluation of the Role of Singhasyadi Kwatha in the Management of Vatarakta (Gout)
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Pooja Rani
MD Scholar, PG Department of Kaya Chikitsa, Post Graduate Institute of Ayurveda, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Pramod Kumar Mishra
Professor and HOD, PG Department of Kaya Chikitsa, Post Graduate Institute of Ayurveda, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Brahmanand Sharma
Associate Professor, PG Department of Kaya Chikitsa, Post Graduate Institute of Ayurveda, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Clinical Evaluation of the Role of Singhasyadi Kwatha in the Management of Vatarakta (Gout)
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10i5.1392
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Vatarakta, commonly equated with gout in modern medicine, is a condition characterized by the vitiation of Vata and Rakta doshas, leading to severe joint pain and inflammation. The condition often results from unhealthy lifestyle choices and dietary habits, reflecting a growing concern in both ancient Ayurvedic texts and contemporary health practices. Despite the promising advancements in modern medical science, many individuals still experience recurrent episodes of gout, prompting a shift towards traditional healing methods such as Ayurveda. This clinical study evaluates the efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha, an Ayurvedic herbal formulation, in managing the symptoms of Vatarakta.
Effectiveness of Singhasyadi Kwatha
The clinical trial involved a cohort of 30 patients diagnosed with Vatarakta, utilizing Singhasyadi Kwatha for a treatment period of 45 days, followed by regular follow-up assessments. The study focused on various subjective symptoms such as joint pain (Sandhi Shoola), swelling (Sandhi Shotha), burning sensations (Vidaha), and discoloration (Twakvaivarnya). Results indicated significant improvements in these symptoms, with reductions in pain and swelling levels surpassing 65% relief in most cases. The rigorous assessment utilized both Ayurvedic diagnostic criteria and modern medical parameters, showcasing the potential of Ayurvedic remedies to alleviate chronic conditions effectively.
Laboratory Findings and Safety Evaluation
In conjunction with symptom relief, the study also monitored objective laboratory markers such as serum uric acid, CRP, and ESR. Findings revealed a substantial decrease in serum uric acid levels, approximately 51.67%, post-treatment, alongside a significant reduction in inflammatory markers. Importantly, no adverse drug reactions were reported throughout the study, reinforcing the safety profile of Singhasyadi Kwatha as a non-toxic alternative to conventional medications. The research not only highlights the herb's symptom-relieving properties but also its capacity to address the underlying metabolic dysfunction associated with Vatarakta, thus creating a holistic treatment approach.
Conclusion
The findings of this clinical evaluation underscore the efficacy and safety of Singhasyadi Kwatha as a viable treatment for Vatarakta, presenting a natural alternative to synthetic medications often accompanied by undesirable side effects. Ayurveda, with its rich pharmacological knowledge, offers effective strategies for managing chronic, non-communicable diseases, emphasizing the importance of integrating traditional remedies into mainstream medical practices. Further research is encouraged to enhance understanding and validation of Ayurvedic therapies, aiming to improve patient outcomes in managing gout and similar musculoskeletal disorders.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of the study on Singhasyadi Kwatha?
The study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha in managing Vatarakta (gout) and assess its safety, sustainability, and possible adverse effects in patients.
How were patients selected for the clinical trial?
Thirty patients diagnosed with Vatarakta were randomly selected from the OPD and IPD departments. Inclusion criteria included ages between 20 to 70 years and serum uric acid levels over 6 mg/dl.
What were the significant results of using Singhasyadi Kwatha?
The treatment led to significant relief in joint pain, swelling, and other symptoms, with over 65% improvement noted. Additionally, serum uric acid levels and inflammatory markers significantly reduced, confirming the formulation's effectiveness.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Evaluation of Singhasyadi Kwatha in Vatarakta (Gout) Management�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta is a term in Ayurveda that describes a condition where both Vata and Rakta are afflicted due to various etiological factors. In modern medicine, it roughly corresponds to gout, which involves inflammation and pain in the joints due to uric acid crystal deposition.
2) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi refers to joints in the body. It is significant in the context of Vatarakta as the disease primarily affects the joints, causing symptoms like pain (Sandhi Shoola) and swelling (Sandhi Shotha) [see source text or glossary: Sandhi].
3) Pain:
In the context of Vatarakta, pain is a predominant symptom known as Sandhi Shoola, characterized by severe discomfort that can significantly interfere with activities of daily living.
4) Drug:
The study investigates the efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha, an Ayurvedic drug. This herbal formulation aims to relieve symptoms associated with Vatarakta, such as pain and swelling in the joints.
5) Swelling:
Swelling, or Sandhi Shotha, is one of the key symptoms of Vatarakta (gout). The study aims to evaluate how the drug Singhasyadi Kwatha impacts this particular symptom.
6) Disease:
Vatarakta is a disease characterized by the conjugation of vitiated Vata Dosha and Rakta Dhatu, resulting in symptoms similar to gout, including pain, swelling, and inflammation of joints.
7) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas (bodily humors) in Ayurveda. In Vatarakta, Vata is afflicted along with Rakta, leading to joint-related symptoms. The herbal formulation aims to balance Vitiated Vata.
8) Vikriti (Vikrti):
Vikriti refers to biological imbalance or deformity. In this study, Sandhi Vikriti indicates joint deformity due to Vatarakta, though deformity was not observed among study participants.
9) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation or Vidaha is a symptom of Vatarakta where patients feel a burning feeling in joints. The study measures the efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha in alleviating this symptom.
10) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha means swelling and is a key symptom in Vatarakta. The effectiveness of Singhasyadi Kwatha in reducing Sandhi Shotha (joint swelling) was significantly observed in the clinical study.
11) Vidaha:
Vidaha refers to the burning sensation often experienced in Vatarakta (gout). The efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha in reducing Vidaha was a focus of the study, showing significant relief.
12) Rakta:
Rakta, or blood, is the primary tissue where Vatarakta originates. Vitiation of Rakta along with Vata leads to the symptoms observed in gout, affecting the joints and causing inflammation.
13) Raga:
Raga means redness and is a symptom in Vatarakta, indicating inflammation and aggravation in the joint areas. The study found that Singhasyadi Kwatha had a significant effect in reducing redness.
14) Eranda (Eramda):
Eranda, or Ricinus communis, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its therapeutic properties. It has effects like Vatanulomana and is used to treat conditions involving Vata vitiation.
15) Gokshura (Goksura, Go-kshura):
Gokshura, also known as Tribulus terrestris, is an ingredient in Singhasyadi Kwatha. It is known for its Vatahara (balancing Vata) and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in treating Vatarakta.
16) Madhyama:
Madhyama refers to moderate and is used to describe various attributes of the patients in the study, such as Madhyama Satva (moderate mental strength), indicating the characteristics of individuals treated with Singhasyadi Kwatha.
17) Mishra (Misra):
Pramod Kumar Mishra is one of the authors of the study evaluating Singhasyadi Kwatha in the management of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Mishra].
18) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Brahmanand Sharma is an associate professor and one of the co-authors of the clinical study focusing on the effects of Singhasyadi Kwatha in managing Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Sharma].
19) Kumar:
Pramod Kumar Mishra, Professor and HOD, contributed to the study on the efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha in the management of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Kumar].
20) Pooja:
Pooja Rani, an MD Scholar, played a crucial role in the clinical evaluation of Singhasyadi Kwatha in the management of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Pooja].
21) Rani:
Pooja Rani, an MD Scholar, played a crucial role in the clinical evaluation of Singhasyadi Kwatha in the management of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Rani].
22) Prishniparni (Prsniparni, Prishni-parni):
Prishniparni, or Uraria picta, is an ingredient in Singhasyadi Kwatha known for its anti-inflammatory and Vata-balancing properties, useful in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Prishniparni].
23) Raktadhatu (Rakta-dhatu):
Rakta-dhatu, similar to Rakta, refers to the blood tissue that, when vitiated along with Vata dosha, leads to the condition Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Rakta-dhatu].
24) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata-dosha is one of the three primary doshas in Ayurveda. It plays a key role in Vatarakta, where its imbalance along with Rakta-dhatu causes joint-related symptoms [see source text or glossary: Vata-dosha].
25) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
Saindhava, or Himalayan rock salt, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its Tridosha balancing effects, aiding in reducing symptoms of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Saindhava].
26) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of natural and holistic medicine. The study uses Ayurvedic formulations like Singhasyadi Kwatha to treat Vatarakta, emphasizing traditional remedies for non-communicable diseases.
27) Madhura:
Madhura, meaning sweet, describes the post-digestive effect (Vipaka) of several ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha, which have Vata-Pitta Shamaka properties, beneficial for Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Madhura].
28) Shakti (Sakti):
Shakti, meaning strength or energy, is used in terms like Vyayama-shakti (exercise capacity), Jarana-shakti (digestive power), essential in assessing and treating patients with Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Shakti].
29) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are the three bio-energies in Ayurveda (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). An imbalance in Vata-dosha combined with Rakta-dhatu leads to Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Dosha].
30) Taila (Thaila):
Taila refers to oil and is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha. Eranda Taila (castor oil) is included for its therapeutic properties like Vatanulomana, aiding in Vatarakta treatment [see source text or glossary: Taila].
31) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna, or hot potency, is a quality of many ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha. These properties help in managing Vata disorders like Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Ushna].
32) Dhatu:
Dhatus are the bodily tissues in Ayurveda. In Vatarakta, the interplay between vitiated Vata and Rakta (blood tissue) is critical [see source text or glossary: Dhatu].
33) Blood:
Blood, or Rakta, is involved in Vatarakta, where its vitiation along with Vata leads to joint pain and inflammation. Ayurvedic treatments like Singhasyadi Kwatha aim to purify and balance the blood [see source text or glossary: Blood].
34) Katu:
Katu refers to pungent taste, one of the properties in some ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha. It's mentioned in the causative factors (Nidanas) for Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Katu].
35) Shalaparni (Salaparni):
Shalaparni, or Desmodium gangeticum, is an ingredient of Singhasyadi Kwatha known for its Vata-balancing properties and effectiveness in treating conditions like Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Shalaparni].
36) Shalparni (Salparni):
Shalparni, or Desmodium gangeticum, is an ingredient of Singhasyadi Kwatha known for its Vata-balancing properties and effectiveness in treating conditions like Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Shalparni].
37) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti refers to the natural constitution of an individual. In the study, various patient attributes like Deha Prakriti (body constitution) are assessed to understand their impact on Vatarakta and treatment outcomes [see source text or glossary: Prakriti].
38) Samaka (Shamaka):
Shamaka means pacifying. Ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha possess Vata and Pitta Shamaka properties, aiding in reducing symptoms of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Shamaka].
39) Amrita (Amrta):
Amrita, another name for Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), is an ingredient in Singhasyadi Kwatha. It has Tridosha Nashaka properties, making it beneficial in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Amrita].
40) Vipaka:
Vipaka is the post-digestive effect of a substance. In Singhasyadi Kwatha, most ingredients have Madhura Vipaka, aiding in pacifying Vata and Pitta doshas in Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Vipaka].
41) Lavana:
Lavana, or salt, is one of the contributing factors in Vatarakta. However, Saindhava Lavana (rock salt) is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its medicinal properties [see source text or glossary: Lavana].
42) Phala:
Phala refers to fruit. Ingredients like Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) Phala are used in Singhasyadi Kwatha, contributing to its effectiveness in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Phala].
43) Guru:
Guru means heavy or hard to digest. Some ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha have Guru properties, aiding in the Vatahara action of the drug in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Guru].
44) Amla:
Amla, or sour taste, is one of the etiological factors for Vatarakta. Its inclusion or exclusion in treatment helps manage the vitiation of doshas involved [see source text or glossary: Amla].
45) Guna:
Guna refers to the qualities or properties of a substance in Ayurveda. Various Guna of the ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha help in its therapeutic effectiveness against Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Guna].
46) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, known as Guduchi or Amrita, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties, crucial for treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Tinospora cordifolia].
47) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is another form of inflammatory joint disease but is excluded in this study focusing on Vatarakta, a similar yet distinct condition [see source text or glossary: Rheumatoid arthritis].
48) Solanum indicum:
Solanum indicum, known as Brihati, is an ingredient in Singhasyadi Kwatha known for its anti-inflammatory and Vata-balancing properties, useful in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Solanum indicum].
49) Adhatoda vasica:
Adhatoda vasica, known as Vasa, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its medicinal properties, contributing to the formula's effectiveness in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Adhatoda vasica].
50) Rock salt:
Rock salt, or Saindhava Lavana, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its therapeutic properties, including balancing the Tridosha, aiding in the treatment of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Rock salt].
51) Desmodium gangeticum:
Desmodium gangeticum, known as Shalaparni, is an ingredient in Singhasyadi Kwatha, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and Vata-balancing properties, crucial for treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Desmodium gangeticum].
52) Saindhavalavana (Saindhava-lavana, Saimdhavalavana):
Saindhava-lavana, or Himalayan rock salt, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its Tridosha balancing effects, aiding in reducing symptoms of Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Saindhava-lavana].
53) Ricinus communis:
Ricinus communis, known as Eranda, is used in Singhasyadi Kwatha for its therapeutic properties like Vatanulomana (correcting Vata), effective in treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Ricinus communis].
54) Madhyamasatva (Madhyama-satva):
Madhyama-satva indicates moderate mental strength. It's assessed as part of the Ayurvedic evaluation of patients to understand their constitution and tailor the treatment for Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Madhyama-satva].
55) Vyayamashakti (Vyayamasakti, Vyayama-shakti):
Vyayama-shakti refers to exercise capacity, assessed to understand the physical strength of patients with Vatarakta to tailor appropriate treatments [see source text or glossary: Vyayama-shakti].
56) Jaranashakti (Jaranasakti, Jarana-shakti):
Jarana-shakti means digestive power, a critical factor in Ayurveda for diagnosing and treating conditions like Vatarakta. Singhasyadi Kwatha is tailored considering these aspects [see source text or glossary: Jarana-shakti].
57) Vayasthapana (Vaya-sthapana):
Vayasthapana means anti-aging. Some ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha possess Vayasthapana properties, contributing to overall health improvement along with treating Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Vayasthapana].
58) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a key symptom of Vatarakta, manifesting as redness, swelling, and pain in joints. Ayurvedic formulations like Singhasyadi Kwatha are evaluated for their efficacy in reducing these inflammatory symptoms [see source text or glossary: Inflammation].
59) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
Vatavyadhi refers to diseases primarily involving Vata dosha. Vatarakta is one such condition, characterized by joint pain and inflammation where both Vata and Rakta are vitiated [see source text or glossary: Vatavyadhi].
60) Katutikta (Katu-tikta):
Katu-tikta means pungent-bitter taste, a quality found in certain ingredients of Singhasyadi Kwatha, contributing to its therapeutic effect on Vata and Rakta imbalances in Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Katu-tikta].
61) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Vata-pitta refers to the combination of two doshas Vata and Pitta. The imbalance of both these doshas along with Rakta is addressed in Vatarakta with therapies like Singhasyadi Kwatha [see source text or glossary: Vata-pitta].
62) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja refers to conditions involving all three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Vatarakta primarily involves Vata and Rakta but also impacts Tridoshaja balance [see source text or glossary: Tridoshaja].
63) Discussion:
The 'Discussion' section in the article highlights the efficacy and probable mechanism of Singhasyadi Kwatha in treating Vatarakta by referencing traditional and modern understanding [see source text or glossary: Discussion].
64) Prakshepa (Praksepa):
Prakshepa Dravya refers to additional ingredients added to a formulation. In the context of Singhasyadi Kwatha, ingredients like Eranda Taila and Saindhava Lavana are used as additives [see source text or glossary: Prakshepa].
65) Prakarana:
Prakarana refers to a chapter or section in classical Ayurvedic texts. Singhasyadi Kwatha was selected for the study based on descriptions in Bhavprakasha under Vatarakta Prakarana [see source text or glossary: Prakarana].
66) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan, India, is where the Post Graduate Institute of Ayurveda, Jodhpur, conducts the clinical study on Singhasyadi Kwatha's efficacy in managing Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Rajasthan].
67) Anulomana:
Anulomana refers to the regulation of bodily functions, especially Vata. Ingredients in Singhasyadi Kwatha possess Anulomana properties, aiding in the treatment of Vata-related conditions like Vatarakta [see source text or glossary: Anulomana].
68) Samhanana:
Samhanana means sturdiness or body build. Assessing Madhyama (moderate) Samhanana helps tailor Ayurvedic treatments, including those for Vatarakta, to suit the patient's constitution [see source text or glossary: Samhanana].
69) Education:
Education level of patients was considered in the study, where most patients had graduate-level education, potentially impacting their involvement and understanding of the Vatarakta treatment [see source text or glossary: Education].
70) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance or affliction of doshas and dhatus. In Vatarakta, the vitiation of Vata and Rakta leads to symptoms treated with Ayurvedic formulations like Singhasyadi Kwatha [see source text or glossary: Vitiation].
71) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha refers to the three fundamental humors in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, Kapha. Vatarakta involves the imbalance of primarily Vata and Rakta but can affect Tridosha balance overall [see source text or glossary: Tridosha].
72) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to symptoms or clinical signs. The study measures Vatarakta lakshanas such as Sandhi Shoola, Sandhi Shotha, Vidaha, and others to evaluate the efficacy of Singhasyadi Kwatha [see source text or glossary: Lakshana].
73) Pariksha (Pariksa):
Pariksha, or examination, involves diagnostic techniques used to assess Vatarakta. Dashavidha Pariksha includes a comprehensive patient evaluation in Ayurvedic diagnostics [see source text or glossary: Pariksha].
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 120]
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