365bet娱乐

59 CHAPTER II THE WORKS OF DHANAPALA鈥擜part from the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala, Dhanapala is known to have been the author of the following works, viz., (1) the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala ; (2) the Rsabha-pancasika ; (3) the Nama-mala ; (4) the Vira-stuti Viruddha- -vacaniya ; (5) the Satyapuriya-mahavira-utsaha ; (6) the Savaya-vihi 3B (7) the Vira-stuti Sanskrta and Prakrta ;(8) the sobhana-stuti-vrtti. The composition of the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala would roughly fall between that of the RP and the Namamala (Sanskrit) of Dhanapala We shall examine in detail each of the above works. which are arranged m in more or less their chronological order. It is a metrical 1) PAIA LACCHI-NAMA-MALA dictionary of Prakrit words as is suggested by its title 1. It was edited by Dr.Buhler in Beitrage Zur Kunde des Indologer Sprachen Vol. IV pp.70 ff. It has been edited in India by B.B.and Co. Bhavanagar in Vikrama Samvata 1943. Muni Vikramavijaya has also edited it in V.sam.2005. It has recently been edited by Fandit Bechardas Doshi at Ahmedabad in 1960 A.D. About six Mss. of the work are preserved in difierent Jain Bhandars at Patan. of.Jina-ratna-kosha Vol. I. 1

60 It consists of 279 gathas.The first gatha salutes Lord Brahma? It is taken by some to refer to Lord Rsabha, the first Jain Tirthamkara. Pandit Bechardas in it Doshi further sees/the author's catholicity of outlook towards the non-Jains³ taking for granted that the above gatha refers to Lord Rsabha. But this is not warranted in view of the Jain tradition as recorded in the Prabhavaka-charita which shows that Dhanapala took to Jainism at a later stage of his life, while, he was still a fullblooded Brahmin at the time when he composed his Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala That the salutation refers to Brahma is further supported by the fact that Dhanapala starts his enumeration of the synonyms with those of Brahma in the 4 very second verse of his Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala and this is in keeping with his tradition of the Kasyapa Gotra to which he originally belonged. In the gathas 2 to 19 are listed various synonyms 5 of a particular word in each of the gathas. In the 3.ibid.Intro.p.13. 2.PIN(D)鈥�p.2: namiuna paramapurisa purisuttamajnabhisambhava deta || 1|| 4.1bid.vg.2: "kamlasano sayam piama ho cathamuhom ya para mitti| mero vihi virico parya啶緑ai kamalajoni ya || 2 || 5.ibid.vs.19: THE TEE dimat despite ||||According to Pandit Bechardas Doshi, this indicates that so far the whole gatha listed the synonyms and henceforward each half the gatha is utilized for the purpose.

61 gathas 20 to 94 each half a gatha lists various synonyms of one word. From gathas 95 to 275 each quarter 6 lists the synonyms of one word. The next three record the date of the composition of this work, the names of * 7 the place and sister the author's sister for whom it was composed, and skillfully incorporates the 8 9 author's own name. The last gatha (279) wishes success to the readers of this work and promises that one who studies this work would certainly be capable thereby to comprehend and enjoy poetry (of course in Prakrit). Although the author of this work claims to have 10 composed this "Dictionary of Desi " words, only 341 out of a total of 2964 Prakrit words can really be called "Desi". In fact, as Dr.H.C.Bhayani thinks, the concept of "Desi" seems to have crystallized fully only with Hemacandracarya. 6.Paia-lacchi-nama-mala 94: itto namaggama gaha calanesa cimte啷媑a ||9|| 7.1b 1d.276: vikkamakalassa gae aunattisuttare sahassammi (1029 )) malava narimdadha die lujie mannakheda mmi ||276|| 8.1b 1d.277: dharanayarie paridiena magge hiae anavajje kajje kanitta bahinie ' sumdari 'namadhijjaru || 277|| 9.1b 1d. 278 : karano amdhu jana kimva kusala tti paryana mamtima vanna| namabhi jastai kamaso terisa viraiya desi ||278|| 10. 1818 : tenesa virai ya desi ||278 鈥�

62 11 Hemacandra has quoted "Dhanapala" once to support him, and four times to show that he differed from him 12 twice as to the form of the word' and twice a陇 in Shri connection with the sense attached to the word 13% 14 P.V.Ramanujaswami rightly observes that Dr. Buhler in the introduction to his edition of the PIN identifies this writer with the author of that work inspite of tha fact that none of the five passages quoted by Hemacandra is to be found in the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala and inspite of the fact that Hemacandra quotes many words and meanings occuring in that work as those adopted by others without specifying the names. Dr.Buhler himself has drawn attention to the fact that in vi.101 the author of the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala adopts the same form as done by Hemacandra and not the slightly different one attri- 15. buted by the latter to Dhanapala He, therefore, 11. Deshi-namamala of Hemachandra 鈥� VIII. 17拢f 鈥� : tathaiva ca laksyamupalaksayati | yaddhanapalah || samucchania varddhania bohari || iti | || | 12.1b 1d. IV. 30 : nimela dantamamsam | nimela iti dhanapalah 1; anus VI. 101. ff. bhamaso itnu sadr satr nam| bhrama so iti dhan palah| 18.1b 1d.1.141: usai am visivaya| umsaio utksipta miti cunuom viarabha iti dhanapalah| Gum:(; and III: 22 : 14.ibid.Intro. I.p.13. 15.rhis is correct. cf.PIN鈥� 146b : baru o samuhuo samaso cha |

63 supposes that the author of the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala wrote another Prakrit dictionary and Hemacandra's quotations are from that work. But Shri P.V.Ramanujaswami is not at all convinced by Dr. Buhler's conjecture, and ventures to suggest that the "Dhanapala" quoted by Hemacandra is quite different from the author of the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala If they were identical, it would be impossible to conceive how one person could teach one and the same word in two different works, and that too in two different forms, as it would be necessary to suppose from vi.101. Again, he does not see any reason why the author of the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala should compose two kodas of the same kind instead of one comprehensive one. In * his opinion the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala is a very meagre production and the number of desi words taught in it is very small. He concludes that this kosa of some other Dhanapala must have been a work of considerable merit to deserve to be quoted by the name of the author by Hemacandra. But it seems necessary to assume that Hemacandra utilized only such a kosa and not an original work of literature like the Bhavisayatta-kaha of Dhakkada Dhanapala for drawing his words and usages, since none of the words discussed above, viz., 'vaddhania', 'nime-

64 la', 'usaia', 'cunuo', and 'viario; are to be found even once in the Bhavisajatta-kaha. 16 Shri Dalal and Gune remark that the desi words of Dhanapala, the author of the Bhavisayatta-kaha of Dhanapala, are not to be found in Hemacandra's Deshi-namamala of Hemachandra or are round in a quite diferent sense. But they account for this on the basis of the fact that Hemacandra handles the desis of a region other than the 17 one of the author of the Bhavisayatta-kaha of Dhanapala The same, they add, has got to be said with regard to the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala which does not contain many desi words used by the author of the Bhavisayatta-kaha of Dhanapala It is noteworthy that this lexicon contains almost all the crucial double-meaning words which have been utilized by the author of the VSVV.Dhanapala's uniform practice of skillfully incorporating his name goes in favour of his authorship of this work. The reference to "the god born of the navel of 18 Purusottama", according to Shri Dalal and Gune, suggests that Dhanapala must have been a Brahmin when he wrote 19 this lexicon. This is corroborated by the Prabhavaka-charita 16.Bhavisayatta-kaha of Dhanapala XIV.20.17: 18.ibid. Intro.p.4. 18.PIN.aby 1 ab: 19.cf.infra Chap.III; also above p.60.