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Musical Instruments in Sanskrit Literature

by S. Karthick Raj KMoundinya | 2008 | 66,229 words

The essay studies the Musical Instruments in Sanskrit Literature and its relationship with the South Indian musical tradition. The study emphasizes the universal appeal of music and documents how it pervades various aspects of life, art, literature, painting, and sculpture. The thesis further examines the evolution of musical instruments from ancie...

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Dundubhi and Ahanya are referred to in the Yajur Veda. namo dundubhyaya cahananyaya ca | Yajur Veda IV-5-7-1 Homage to him (Rudra), of the drum and to him of the drumstick.

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Dundubhi: Some more references to Dundubhi may be seen. upa svasaya prthivim uta dyam purutra te manutam vistitam jagat sa dundubhe sajurindrena devairdurat || Yajur Veda IV-6-6-6 (iii) Roar to earth and sky; let the scattered world be ware of thee in many places. Do thou, O drum, in unison with Indra and the gods, Drive away the foe further than far. a krandaya balam ojo na a dha ni stanihi durita badhamanah | apa protho dundubhe ducunam ita indrasya mustirasi vidayasva || Roar thou! Grant us force and might. Thunder, overthrowing obstacles; Snort away, O drum, misfortune hence; Indra's fist art thou; show thy strength. Yajur Veda IV-6-6-7(ii) amuraja pratyavartaye mah ketumad dundhubhir vavaditi | sam asvaparnascaranti no naro smakam indra rathino jayantu || Yajur Veda IV-6-6-7(iii) Drive to us those, and these make to come to us; The drum speaketh aloud for a signal (of battle) Our heroes winged with steeds meet together; Be our chariotmen victorious, O Indra. Bhumi Dundubhi vacam ava rundhate bhumidundubhim a ghnanti | yaivemam vak pravistha tam evava rundhate || Yajur Veda VII-5-9-3 124 They beat the earth-drum; verily they win that speech which has entered this (earth); verily also they conquer the earth.

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125 Vanaspati, Dundubhi and Adambara (lute, flute, drum) are referred to in the following passage. vagvai devebhyo pakramad yajnayatisthamana sa vanaspatinpravisat saisa vagu vanaspatisu vadati | ya dundubhau ya tunave ya vinayam yad diksitadandam prayacati vacam evavarunde || audumbaro bharatyurva udumbara urja evava runde mukhena sannito | bhavati mukhata evasma urjam dadhati taman mukhata urja bhunjate || Yajur Veda VI-1-4-1 Speech went away from the gods, not being willing to serve for the sacrifice. She entered the trees. It is the voice of the trees, the voice that is heard in the drum, the lute, and the flute. In that he offers the staff of the initiated, he wins speech. The ( staff) is of Udumbara wood; the, Udumbara is strength; verily he wins strength. It is level with his mouth; verily from the mouth (downwards) he wins strength for him. Therefore from the mouth they enjoy strength. Vana and Dundubhi: Vana is also reffered to in Yajur Veda. vanah satatanturbhavati satayuspurusahsatendriyasayusyevendriye pratitisthanti ajim | dhavantyanabhijitasyabhijityai dundubhintsamanghnanti parama va esa vagya dundubhau paramam eva || Yajur Veda VII-5-9-2 The lute has a hundred strings. Man is of a hundred ( years) of age, and of hundredfold strength; verily they find support in age and strength. They run a race, to win what has not yet been won. They beat drums; the voice of the drum is the highest (form of) speech, verily they win the highest (form of) speech. Translations to all the Yajur Veda passages are from the book titled 'The Yajur Veda (Taittiriya Sanhita)' by Arthur Berriedale Keith in the year - 1914.

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