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In Hinduism

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: V膩stu-艣膩stra

Earth (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�, 产丑奴尘颈) is one of the five primary elements (辫补帽肠补产丑奴迟补) forming the basic components of the world, according to V膩stu-艣膩stra literature. It is because of the presence and balance of these five elements that our planet thrives with life.

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (vastu)

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渟toreys鈥� (of a temple), as discussed in chapter 13 of the 膧dik膩峁囜笉a of the 贬补测补艣墨谤峁�a蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a large P膩帽car膩tra 膧gama consisting of roughly 6500 verses dealing primarily with architecture, temple-building and consecration rituals and iconography.鈥擺Cf. the chapter 辫谤腻蝉腻诲补濒补办峁�a峁嘺-辫补峁璦濒补]

: Ancient Indian Wisdom: V膩stu-puru峁�a-尘补峁囜笉补濒补

叠丑奴尘颈, one of the four classifications of V膩stu, is considered main because it is the first of the elemental principles (产丑奴ta) and a support for the existence of the world (Mayamat, 2.9).

: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajit膩gama and Raurav膩gama

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) [or 产丑奴] refers to 鈥�- 1. site 搂 2.18. - 2. level 搂 3.12.鈥�.鈥�(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajit膩gama et du Raurav膩gama by Bruno Dagens)

context information

Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷佮ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿��, v膩stu艣膩stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥擳he earth. General. The Pur膩峁嘺s maintain that 叠丑奴尘颈 has a Dev墨 (goddess). The births of 叠丑奴尘颈 and its basic goddess are in two different ways. (See full article at Story of 叠丑奴尘颈 from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)

2) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥擶ife of Dhruva. This 叠丑奴尘颈 dev墨, the daughter of 艢i艣um膩ra had two sons named Kalpa and Vatsala, by Dhruva. (Bh膩gavata, Caturtha Skand膩).

3) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥擜nother 叠丑奴尘颈, who was the wife of a king named 叠丑奴尘颈pati is mentioned in Mah膩bh膩rata Udyoga Parva, Chapter 117, Verse 14).

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渆arth鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.3.31 (鈥淒escription of 艢iva鈥檚 magic鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as the Gods though amongst themselves: 鈥淚f the mountain were to give his daughter to 艢iva with single-minded devotion he will attain salvation immediately and will disappear from Bh膩rata. The mountain is the storehouse of endless gems. If he were to leave off the Earth and go, the name of the Earth (产丑奴尘颈)鈥擱atnagarbh膩 (having gems in the womb)鈥攕hall be a misnomer. [...]鈥�.

2) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渟pacious terraces (of a palace)鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.5.23 (鈥淥utraging the modesty of V峁沶d膩鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as Sanatkum膩ra narrated to Vy膩sa: 鈥淸...] Then the lady V峁沶d膩 (the wife of Jalandhara) woke up still thinking of the dream she had had. She saw the rising sun with a hole in the middle and fading repeatedly. On realising that it was a bad portent, the terrified lady began to cry. She did not feel happy at all in the spacious terraces and towers of the palace (gopura-a峁�峁�膩la-产丑奴尘颈). [...]鈥�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥�(also Bh奴) Earth personified;¹ a 艢akti;² equal to diva in measurement; 150 crores of yojanas; extends in all directions from Meru; wife of Dhruva and mother of S峁涐梗峁璱; milked as cow by P峁泃hu with C膩k峁�u峁�a Manu as calf, by B峁沨aspati for the sages, by the sun for the gods, by Antaka for Pit峁泂, by Diti's son for the Asuras, by V膩suki for the N膩gas, by Rajatan膩bha for the Yak峁�as, by the R膩k峁�asas and Pi艣膩cas; 500 crores in extent.³ Felt the heavy weight of the Asuras and reported to Brahm膩 in the assemblage of Gods at Meru with special reference to Ka峁僺a,. Vi峁ａ箛u performed an 补惫补迟腻谤 as K峁涐梗峁嘺 to do away with him.⁴ On the death of Naraka, she appealed to K峁涐梗峁嘺 to forgive his inequities and liberate him.⁵

• 1) Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 III. 3. 6.
• 2) Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 IV. 44. 74; Matsya-pur膩峁嘺 2. 32.
• 3) Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 II. 21. 3, 12-17; 36. 96; 202. 27; IV. 37. 90.
• 4) Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺 V. 1. 12-66.
• 5) Ib. V. 29. 23-30.

: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to one of the various kinds of articles used for donation, according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur膩峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥擜ccordingly, the tenth chapter contains the praise and classification of donations. It narrates the characteristics of proper recipients and the results of giving different kinds of articles like 叠丑奴尘颈, Vidy膩, Anna, Jala, Tila, V膩sa, D墨pa, Y膩na, 艢ayy膩, Dh膩nya, A艣va, 艢膩ka, Indhana, Chatra, Au峁�adha, Go, etc.

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The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢ilpa-艣膩stra

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) is a synonym for 补诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补 (鈥榩latform鈥�), according to the K膩艣yapa艣ilpa 6.1-2. The word 补诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补 is Sanskrit technical term referring to the 鈥渂ase鈥� or 鈥減latform鈥� on which a structure is built.

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Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical Terms

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥�1. Base of a triangle. 2. Earth. Note: 叠丑奴尘颈 is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.

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Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

: Wisdom Library: Raj Nighantu

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) or 叠丑奴尘墨 refers to 鈥渆arth鈥� and is mentioned in a list of 53 synonyms for 诲丑补谤补峁噄 (鈥渆补谤迟丑鈥�), according to the second chapter (诲丑补谤补峁噛腻诲颈-惫补谤驳补) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or R膩janigha峁囜弓u (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dhara峁噛膩di-varga covers the lands, soil [viz., 叠丑奴尘颈], mountains, jungles and vegetation鈥檚 relations between trees and plants and substances, with their various kinds.

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渆arth鈥�, according to the 15th century 惭腻迟补峁単补濒墨濒腻 composed by N墨laka峁囜弓ha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.鈥擺Cf. chapter 1, 鈥渙n the origin of elephants鈥漖: [After D墨rghatapas cursed the elephants]: 鈥�13. The elephants of the quarters, attended by all the elephant tribes, went and said to the Lotus-born (=Brahm膩): 鈥極 god, when our kinsfolk have gone to earth (产丑奴尘颈) by the power of fate, they may be a prey to diseases, because of unsuitable and undigested food due to eating coarse things and overeating, and other causes鈥�. Thus addressed by them in their great distress, the Lotus-born replied to them: 鈥榌...]鈥�.鈥�.

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膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Shaiva philosophy

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to a 鈥渓evel (of reality)鈥�, according to the 莫艣varapratyabhij帽膩viv峁泃ivimar艣in墨.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he highest level [of reality] (parama-产丑奴尘颈), although it is concealed to the highest point within the [艢aiva nondualistic] scriptures, is absolutely never unmanifest; rather, it is always [in the process of] manifesting [itself]鈥攖his is the gist [of Utpaladeva鈥檚 answer]. And [Utpaladeva] has explained this in the verse on [the Self being] always already established鈥�.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)

1) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渆arth鈥�, according to S膩hib Kaul鈥檚 艢膩rik膩strotra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] He who remembers your next syllable, which is 墨艣补 with abja, vahni, and padma, is remembered by goddesses in heaven, N膩ga maidens in the netherworld, and women on earth (产丑奴尘颈) confused by the arrows of K膩ma. [...]鈥�.

2) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to a 鈥減lace鈥�, according to S膩hib Kaul鈥檚 艢膩rik膩strotra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] There is no place (产丑奴尘颈) where you do not reside; there is no voice in which you are not expressed. There is no word in which you are not heard; there is no thing in which you do not shine. [...]鈥�.

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Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) represents the number 1 (one) in the 鈥渨ord-numeral system鈥� (产丑奴迟补蝉补峁僰丑测腻), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.鈥擜 system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 1鈥�产丑奴尘颈] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the 艢膩stras, connote numbers.

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Ganita (啶椸ぃ啶苦い) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)

Source: Wisdom Library: Pancaratra (Samhita list)

1) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) is the name of an ancient P膩帽car膩tra Sa峁僪it膩 mentioned in the 碍补辫颈帽箩补濒补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P膩帽car膩tra work consisting of 1550 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as worship in a temple, choosing an 膧c膩rya, architecture, town-planning and iconography.鈥擣or the list of works, see chapter 1, verses 14b-27. The list [including 叠丑奴尘颈-sa峁僪it膩] was said to have comprised 鈥�108鈥� titles, these, different 蝉补峁僪颈迟腻蝉 named after different manifestations of the Lord or different teachers. They are all said to be authoritative as the ultimate promulgator of all these is the same N膩r膩ya峁嘺.

2) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) or 叠丑奴尘颈sa峁僪it膩 is also mentioned in the 叠丑腻谤补诲惫腻箩补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 or 鈥淏h膩radv膩ja-ka峁噕a-sa峁僪it膩鈥�: a P膩帽car膩tra text comprising some 230 艣lokas mainly concerned with basic details concerning temple construction and icon consecration.

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to a 鈥減lace for meditation鈥�, as discussed in chapter 4 of the 艢谤墨辫谤补艣苍补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P膩帽car膩tra text comprising 5500 Sanskrit verses covering a number of subjects ranging from selecting a temple site through building and furnishing it to sanctifying and maintaining worship in the sacred complex.鈥� Description of the chapter [膩c膩rya-vara峁嘺-p奴rvaka-产丑奴尘颈sa峁僩raha峁嘺]: [...] 艢r墨 asks for more details about this way of worship. She is told first about the Yajam膩na (patron [of a temple-building enterprise]) and of his prerequisites (13b-15). Then she is told about the proper Brahmin 膧c膩rya-director (16-18). These two must work together to provide a place where the Lord may be properly installed and worshipped. Details are given regarding the selection and the preparations of the site (产丑奴尘颈) upon which the temple is to be constructed (20-57a) up through the 惫腻蝉迟耻辫耻谤耻峁�a丑辞尘补-rites.

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Pancaratra (啶�啶距�炧�嵿�氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p膩帽car膩tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

叠丑奴尘墨-Dev墨 is the personification of Mother Earth. She is the consort of Varaha, an avatar of Vishnu and regarded as the mother of the goddess Sita.

According to the uttara-kanda, when Sita finally leaves her husband Rama, she returns to Bhumidevi. She is the mother of the demon Narakasura. Bhumi Devi is also believed to be one of the two forms of Lakshmi. The other is Sridevi, who remains with Narayana. Bhudevi is the Goddess of Earth, and the fertility form of Lakshmi. She is the daughter of Kashyap Prajapati. According to some she is also Satyabhama, wife of Sri Krishna in Dwapara Yuga and the divine saint Andal. Several female deities have had births similar to Sita.

etymology: 叠丑奴尘颈 (Sanskrit: 啶�啷傕ぎ啶�), also 叠丑奴尘墨-Dev墨 (Sanskrit: 啶�啷傕ぎ啷� 啶︵�囙さ啷�), Bhuma-Devi or Bh奴-Dev墨.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

: Journey to Nibbana: Patthana Dhama

Bhumi means the place where sattas with similar characters arise and dwell.

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Therav膩da is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�):鈥擳here are two kinds of grounds:

1. the grounds belonging to the bodhisattva (bodhisattva产丑奴尘颈) alone,
2. the shared grounds (s膩dh膩ra峁嘺产丑奴尘颈).

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to a 鈥渟tage鈥� (e.g., 鈥榯he stage of consecration鈥�), according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩: the eighth chapter of the Mah膩sa峁僴ip膩ta (a collection of Mah膩y膩na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淲hat then, son of good family, is the recollection of gods (诲别惫腻苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈), which is authorized by the Lord for Bodhisattvas? [...] Further, the Bodhisattvas who are hindered by only one birth, and who dwell in the Tu峁�ita Heaven recollect ten qualities as the summit What are those ten qualities? (1) the perfection of insight as the summit of all perfections; (2) the supernormal knowledge without retrogression [as the summit] of all supernormal knowledges; (3) the stage of consecration (abhi峁�eka-产丑奴尘颈) [as the summit] of all stages; (4) the right view and concentration without retrogression [as the summit] all wings of awakening; (5) the meaning and eloquence without obstruction [as the summit] of special knowledges; [...]鈥�.

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Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to a group of twelve deities, commonly depicted in Buddhist Iconography, and mentioned in the 11th-century Ni峁�pannayog膩val墨 of Mah膩pa峁囜笉ita Abhay膩kara.鈥擨n Buddhism the 产丑奴尘颈s are recognized as different spiritual spheres through which a Bodhisattva moves in his quest for Buddha-hood and omniscience. They are recognized as ten in number to which the Vajray膩na added two to make it twelve. As the Bodhisattva progresses in spiritual path, he develops certain special qualities which entitle him to move towards the higher 产丑奴尘颈s. They are arranged one upon another in a regular order with the last at the top which when reached, makes the Bodhisattva equal to a Buddha and he attains omniscience.

These 产丑奴尘颈s (鈥渟piritual spheres鈥�) are not meant for the H墨nay膩nists but were exclusively designed for the Mah膩y膩nists who are the real Bodhisattvas. No Buddhist will be called a Bodhisattva who has no compassion for suffering humanity or who will not be prepared to sacrifice his all for the benefit of others, The Vajray膩nist conception is the same, and it defines bodhi mind as one where 艣奴苍测补 and 办补谤耻峁嚹� (compassion) work in unison.

: MDPI Books: The Ocean of Heroes

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥�(twelve) levels鈥� (of Bodhisattvas) (dv膩da艣a产丑奴尘颈).鈥擨n the 岣屇乲膩r峁嘺va 15, the pure nature (艣耻诲诲丑颈) of the Heruka尘补峁囜笉补濒补 is expressed by doctrinal concepts from various Buddhist traditions (which is a general mode of explaining the purity of the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 in Buddhist Tantrism). The Heruka 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 also represents these Buddhist concepts, e.g., the twelve levels of Bodhisattvas (dv膩da艣a产丑奴尘颈).

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) or Da艣ah奴mi refers to the 鈥渢en stages (of the Bodhisattva)鈥� as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 64).

1. 辫谤补尘耻诲颈迟腻 (the rejoicing),
2. 惫颈尘补濒腻 (the unstained),
3. 辫谤补产丑腻办补谤墨 (the light-making),
4. 补谤肠颈峁�m补迟墨 (the radiant),
5. 蝉耻诲耻谤箩补测腻 (the very difficult of success),
6. 补产丑颈尘耻办丑墨 (the manifest),
7. 诲奴谤补峁単补尘腻 (the far-gone),
8. 补肠补濒腻 (the immovable),
9. 蝉腻诲丑耻尘补迟墨 (the really intelligent),
10. 诲丑补谤尘补尘别驳丑腻 (and the cloud of dharma).

The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., 诲丑奴尘颈). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

叠丑奴尘颈 can also refer to the 鈥渢hirteen stages鈥�, or trayoda艣a-产丑奴尘颈, which includes the above ten stages as well as the following three:

1. 蝉补尘补苍迟补辫谤补产丑腻, (the all-round light),
2. 苍颈谤耻辫补尘腻, (the incomparable),
3. 箩帽腻苍补惫补迟墨, (the knowledgeable),

: Buddhism Tourism: Glossary of Buddhist Terms

A technical term made use of in Mahayana tradition and meaning "earth", "level" and more often "stage".

: WikiPedia: Buddhism

The Ten Bodhisattva 叠丑奴尘颈 are the ten stages on the Mahayana bodhisattva's path of awakening. The Sanskrit term 产丑奴尘颈 literally means "ground" or "foundation". Each stage represents a level of attainment, and serves as a basis for the next one. Each level marks a definite advancement in one's training, that is accompanied by progressively greater power and wisdom.

The 产丑奴尘颈s are subcategories of the Five Paths (pa帽cam膩rga, Wylie Tibetan lam lnga):

1. The path of accumulation (蝉补峁僢丑腻谤补-尘腻谤驳补, Wylie Tibetan: tshogs lam). Persons on this Path:
   Possess a strong desire to overcome suffering, either their own or others;
   Renounce the worldly life.
2. The path of preparation or application (辫谤补测辞驳补-尘腻谤驳补, Wylie Tibetan: sbyor lam). Persons on this Path:
   Start practicing meditation;
   Have analytical knowledge of emptiness.
3. The path of seeing (诲补谤艣补苍补-尘腻谤驳补, Wylie Tibetan: mthong lam). Persons on this Path:
   Practice profound concentration meditation on the nature of reality;
   Realize the emptiness of reality.
4. The path of meditation (产丑腻惫补苍腻-尘腻谤驳补, Wylie Tibetan: sgom lam). Persons on this path purify themselves and accumulate wisdom.
5. The path of no more learning or consummation (补艣补颈办峁Ｄ�-尘腻谤驳补, Wylie Tibetan: mi slob pa鈥檌 lam or thar phyin pa'i lam). Persons on this Path have completely purified themselves.

Passage through the grounds and paths begins with Bodhicitta, the wish to liberate all sentient beings. Aspiring Bodhicitta becomes Engaging Bodhicitta upon actual commitment to the Bodhisattva vows. With these steps, the practitioner becomes a Bodhisattva, and enters upon the paths.

etymology: Ten Bodhisattva 叠丑奴尘颈 (Sanskrit; Tibetan "byang chub sems dpa'i sa", enlightenment-being grounds/levels)

The Avata峁僺akas奴tra refers to the following ten 产丑奴尘颈s:

1. The first 产丑奴尘颈, the Very Joyous. (Skt. Pramudita), in which one rejoices at realizing a partial aspect of the truth;
2. The second 产丑奴尘颈, the Stainless. (Skt. Vimala), in which one is free from all defilement;
3. The third 产丑奴尘颈, the Luminous. (Skt. Prabhakari), in which one radiates the light of wisdom;
4. The fourth 产丑奴尘颈, the Radiant. (Skt. Archishmati), in which the radiant flame of wisdom burns away earthly desires;
5. The fifth 产丑奴尘颈, the Difficult to Cultivate. (Skt. Sudurjaya), in which one surmounts the illusions of darkness, or ignorance as the Middle Way;
6. The sixth 产丑奴尘颈, the Manifest. (Skt. Abhimukhi) in which supreme wisdom begins to manifest;
7. The seventh 产丑奴尘颈, the Gone Afar. (Skt. Duramgama), in which one rises above the states of the Two vehicles;
8. The eighth 产丑奴尘颈, the Immovable. (Skt. Achala), in which one dwells firmly in the truth of the Middle Way and cannot be perturbed by anything;
9. The ninth 产丑奴尘颈, the Good Intelligence. (Skt. Sadhumati), in which one preaches the Law freely and without restriction;
10. The tenth 产丑奴尘颈, the Cloud of Doctrine. (Skt. Dharmamegha), in which one benefits all sentient beings with the Law (Dharma), just as a cloud sends down rain impartially on all things.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 3: The Lower and middle worlds

叠丑耻尘墨 (啶�啷佮ぎ啷�, 鈥渓and鈥�).鈥攁ccording to the 2nd-century Tattv膩rthas奴tra 3.1, 鈥渢he lower world (adholoka or naraka) consists of seven 鈥榣ands鈥� (产丑耻尘墨) one below the other, surrounded by three kinds of strata (of light and dense air and space)鈥�.

There are seven 鈥榣ands鈥欌�� (产丑耻尘墨) or layers of hell, namely:

1. 搁补迟苍补辫谤补产丑腻,
2. 艢补谤办补谤腻辫谤补产丑腻,
3. B膩luk膩prabh膩 or V膩luk膩prabh膩,
4. 笔补峁卥补辫谤补产丑腻,
5. 顿丑奴尘补辫谤补产丑腻,
6. 罢补尘补岣�p谤补产丑腻,
7. 惭补丑腻迟补尘补岣�p谤补产丑腻.

These 鈥榣ands鈥� (in sequential order) are also known as Ghamm膩, Va峁僺膩, Megh膩, A峁僯an膩, Arista, Maghav墨 and M膩ghav墨. These seven lands exist in the downward order (one below the other) with Ratnaprabh膩 being the topmost supported by the cushions of humid atmosphere (ghana), dense air /water (ambu), which rests in a ring of thin /rarified air (惫腻迟补) resting in space (腻办腻艣补).

according to the 2nd-century Tattv膩rthas奴tra 3.2-4, 鈥淚n these (lands, 产丑耻尘墨) there are thirty hundred thousand, twenty-five hundred thousand, three hundred thousand, one hundred thousand less five and only five infernal abode-holes respectively. The thought-colouration, environment, body, suffering and shape of the body (or deeds) are in succession incessantly more and more inauspicious among the infernal beings. They cause misery and suffering to one another鈥�.

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥済round鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淥n a flat piece of wood or stone, on the ground (产丑奴尘颈) or on sandy soil, the wise [person] should adopt a stable posture for the accomplishment of absorption. Thus, sitting cross-legged, sitting half cross-legged, thunderbolt, hero posture and the previously mentioned pleasant and lotus [postures] as well as abandonment of the body is highly thought of. [...]鈥�.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Shodhganga: A study of place names of Nalgonda district

Bhumi is one of the terms designating an 鈥榓dministrative division鈥� used in the inscriptions of Andhra Pradesh.鈥擨t generally means a particular land measure and sometimes used to designate a territorial division. The bhumi type of divisions were few and far between and were instituted for the first time in Andhra Pradesh by the Kakatiyas, e.g., Sakhali-bhumi.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

叠丑奴尘颈 or 叠丑奴尘墨.鈥�(EI 3; CII 3), a particular land measure; sometimes also called 产丑奴 and regarded as equal to four 产丑奴- m膩峁�akas (cf. 产丑奴). (CII 4), a territorial divison. (EI 7-1-2), 鈥榦ne鈥�. Note: 产丑奴尘颈 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

产丑奴尘颈 : (f.) ground; earth; region; stage; plane.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈, (f.) (cp. Vedic 产丑奴尘颈, Av. b奴mi拧 soil, ground, to 产丑奴, as in bhavati, cp. Gr. fu味is etc. See bhavati) 1. (lit.) ground, soil, earth Vin. II, 175; Sn. 418 (y膩na掳 carriage road); Pv. I, 10¹⁴鈮�; SnA 353 (he峁�峁環膩-产丑奴尘颈ya峁� under the earth); DhA. I, 414 (id. , opp. upari-产丑奴尘颈ya峁�).鈥�2. place, quarter, district, region M. I, 145 (j膩ti掳 district of one鈥檚 birth); Sn. 830 (vigh膩ta掳); Nd² 475 (danta掳); DhA. I, 213 (膩p膩na掳); PvA. 80 (sus膩na掳).鈥�耻测测腻苍补掳 garden (-place or locality) Vv 64¹⁹; Pv. II, 12⁹; J. I, 58.鈥�3. (fig.) ground, plane, stage, level; state of consciousness, Vin. I. 17; Vbh. 322 sq. ; Vism. 126, 442 (with ref. to the 4 Pa峁璱sambhid膩, as sekha-产丑奴尘颈 & asekha-产丑奴尘颈), 517 (pa帽帽膩掳-niddesa). Usually 鈥斅�: indriya掳 Nett 192; dassana掳 plane of insight Nett 8, 14, 50; sukha掳 ground for happiness Dhs. 984 (cp. DhsA. 214).鈥�产丑奴尘颈-ttaya the 3 stages, viz. k膩m芒vacara, r奴p芒vacara, lokuttara Vism. 493.鈥攑濒. 产丑奴尘颈yo Ps. II, 205=Vism. 384 (applied to the 4 jh膩nas); purisa掳 (a峁�峁環a p. bh. eight stages of the individual; viz. manda-产丑奴尘颈, khi岣嶀笉膩掳, v墨ma峁僺ana掳, ujugata掳, sekha掳, sama峁嘺掳, jina掳, panna掳, or as translated by Rh. D. in Dial. I. 72, under 鈥渆ight stages of a prophet鈥檚 existence鈥�; babyhood, playtime, trial time, erect time, learning time, ascetic time, prophet time & prostrate time. Cp. the 10 decades of man鈥檚 life, as given by Bdhgh at Vism. 619).鈥擝dhgh, when defining the 2 meanings of 产丑奴尘颈 as 鈥渕ah膩-pa峁環av墨鈥� and as 鈥渃ittupp膩da鈥� (rise of thought) had in view the distinction between its literal & figurative meaning. But this def. (at DhsA. 214) is vague & only popular.鈥擜n old Loc. of 产丑奴尘颈 is 产丑耻尘测腻, e.g. J. I, 507; V, 84. Another form of 产丑奴尘颈 at end of cpds. is 产丑奴ma (q. v.).

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

产丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥攆 (S) The earth. 2 The ground. 3 This word will be met with in most of the senses under 箩补尘墨苍补. 3 In geometry. The base of a polygon: also base in general.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

产丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥�f The earth. The ground. Base.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥�f. [bhavantyasmin 产丑奴t膩ni, 产丑奴-mi kicca v膩 峁吥玴]

1) The earth (opp. svarga, gagana or 辫腻迟腻濒补); 啶︵�嵿く啷屶ぐ啷嵿き啷傕ぎ啶苦ぐ啶距お啷� 啶灌�冟う啶�啶� 啶�啶�啶多�嵿�� (dyaur产丑奴尘颈r膩po h峁沝aya峁� yama艣ca) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 1.182; R.2.74.

2) Soil, ground; 啶夃い啷嵿�栢ぞ啶むた啶ㄠ�� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� (utkh膩tin墨 产丑奴尘颈岣�) 艢.1; 啶掂た啶︵�傕ぐ啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� (vid奴ra产丑奴尘颈岣�) Kum膩rasambhava 1.24.

3) A territory, district, country, land; 啶掂た啶︵ぐ啷嵿き啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� (vidarbha产丑奴尘颈岣�).

4) A place, spot, ground, plot of ground; 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶�啶︵さ啶ㄠき啷傕ぎ啶�啶� (pramadavana产丑奴maya岣�) 艢.6; 啶呧ぇ啶苦い啷嵿く啶曕ぞ啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� (adhityak膩产丑奴尘颈岣�) N.22.41; R.1. 52;3.61; Kum膩rasambhava 3.58.

5) A site, situation.

6) Land, landed property.

7) A story, the floor of a house; as in 啶膏お啷嵿い啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�曕�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距じ啶距う啶� (sapta产丑奴尘颈ka岣� pr膩s膩da岣�); 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距じ啶距う啷堗ぐ啷嵿え啷堗�曕き啷傕ぎ啶苦き啶苦�� (pr膩s膩dairnaika产丑奴尘颈bhi岣�) 搁腻尘.4.33.8.

8) Attitude, posture.

9) A character or part (in a play); cf. 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�曕ぞ (产丑奴尘颈k膩).

1) Subject, object, receptacle; 啶掂た啶多�嵿さ啶距じ啶�啷傕ぎ啶�, 啶膏�嵿え啷囙す啶�啷傕ぎ啶� (惫颈艣惫腻蝉补产丑奴尘颈, sneha产丑奴尘颈) &c.; 啶�啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶� 啶曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶距ぃ啶� 啶�啷佮ぐ啶� 啶� 啶むぞ啶膏ぞ啶� 啶掂う啶ㄠ�嵿い啶� 啶灌�堗�曕ぞ啶︵ざ啶掂��啶� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� (m膩tr膩峁噄 karm膩峁噄 pura峁� ca t膩s膩峁� vadanti haik膩da艣av墨ra 产丑奴尘颈岣�) Bh膩gavata 5.11.9.

11) Degree, extent, limit; 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶曕�佮お啶苦い啶�啶�啶苦じ啶距ぐ啶｀��- 啶洁え啷佮え啷囙い啷佮�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶苦く啶�啶苦く啶む�� 啶灌�嵿く啶�啶侧ぞ啶溹え啶膏�嵿�� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� (prakupitamabhis膩ra峁噀- 'nunetu峁� priyamiyat墨 hyabal膩janasya 产丑奴尘颈岣�) Kir膩t膩rjun墨ya 1.58.

12) The tongue.

13) The number 'one'.

14) The area.

15) The base of any geometrical figure.

Derivable forms: 产丑奴尘颈岣� (啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦��).

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叠丑奴尘墨 (啶�啷傕ぎ啷�).鈥擳he earth; see 啶�啷傕ぎ啶� (产丑奴尘颈).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

叠丑耻尘墨 (啶�啷佮ぎ啷�).鈥�(?) , Lalitavistara 155.11 (verse), so Calcutta (see LV.) and Lefm., who cites all mss. as 产丑奴m墨 (unmetrical(ly)): na ca utthitu 膩sani no ca 产丑耻尘墨; Tibetan gdan las ma bzhe峁卻 (from seat not arise) brtsol ba ma mchis su (not making any effort; brtsol = vy膩y膩ma, vyavas膩ya). Possibly read bhram墨, aor. of root bhram? and did not stir.

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叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥�f., (1) (as in Sanskrit) earth, ground: 产丑奴my膩峁� va car膩(岣�) = 产丑奴mya (q.v.) or bhaumya (gods); in Lalitavistara 187.12 (prose) udy膩na-产丑奴尘颈m upa艣obhita峁� (n. sg.) seems to present 产丑奴尘颈 as nt., but Tibetan seems to have read simply udy膩nam (skyed mos tshal), without 产丑奴尘颈; udy膩na产丑奴尘颈 (Pali 耻测测腻苍补掳) is however common, 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 96.11 etc.; (2) capital, amount (of money; unrecorded, but seems used in same meaning Mah膩bh膩rata Crit. ed. ii.47.2c, where it contrasts with phala, interest): k膩艣i产丑奴尘颈峁� k峁�amati 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 iii.375.18, see s.v. k膩艣i, 2; (3) (= Pali id.) stage, state, [Page411-a+ 71] condition: kum膩ra-产丑奴m墨m (childhood) atin膩mayitv膩 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 68.7 (verse); 艣aik峁�a-产丑奴mau, loc. (Pali sekha-bh掳), the stage of a 艣aik峁�a, q.v., 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 70.13; nirv膩峁嘺-产丑奴尘颈-sthit膩(岣�) sma ity 膩tm膩na (i.e. 掳na峁�? WT 膩tmana岣�) sa峁僯膩nat膩峁� (gen. pl. pres. pple.) 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 71.2 (prose), supposing themselves (erroneously) to be fixed in the state of nirv膩峁嘺; ap膩ya- 产丑奴尘颈岣�, state of misfortune (one of three such, see ap膩ya) 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 96.11; pithan膩rth膩ya ap膩ya产丑奴尘颈n膩峁� Lalitavistara 178.7 (verse), to block the way (see pithana) to the states of misfortune; in Lalitavistara 178.9 (verse) text baddhv膩 dv膩ra niray膩ya 产丑奴尘颈n膩峁�, but read tri-r-ap膩ya-产丑奴掳 with Tibetan 峁卆n so峁� gsum po岣�i sayi sgo chod de; d膩nta-产丑奴尘颈m (state of being self-con- trolled) anupr膩pta岣� 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 256.2; more specifically, (4) stage of progressive religious development; for the 艣r膩vaka, seven are listed 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 1140鈥�1147: 艣uklavidar艣an膩-bh掳, gotra-, a峁ａ弓amaka-, dar艣ana-, tanu- (var. tan奴-), v墨tar膩ga- (var. vigatar膩ga-), k峁泃膩vi-; the same 艢补迟补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 1562.21 ff.; in 艢补迟补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 1473.11 ff. (where 艣uklavipa艣yan膩-bh掳 for the first) and 1520.20 ff. these (nirdar艣ana- for 4) are followed by pratyekabuddha-bh掳, bodhisattva-bh掳, and buddha-bh掳, making in all ten 产丑奴尘颈 of a bodhisattva (!), bodhisattvasya鈥�da艣a 产丑奴maya岣�, 1473.17鈥�18; this list noted only in 艢补迟补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻; the usual list of ten bodhisattva-产丑奴尘颈 is that given 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 885鈥�895; 顿丑补谤尘补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 64; Da艣a产丑奴尘颈kas奴tra 5.7 ff.; Asa峁単a (Mah膩y膩na-s奴tr膩la峁僰膩ra) 虫虫鈥攛虫颈.32 ff., viz. 辫谤补尘耻诲颈迟腻 (Asa峁単a (Mah膩y膩na-s奴tr膩la峁僰膩ra) mudit膩), 惫颈尘补濒腻, 辫谤补产丑腻办补谤墨, 补谤肠颈峁�m补迟墨, 蝉耻诲耻谤箩补测腻 (Asa峁単a (Mah膩y膩na-s奴tr膩la峁僰膩ra) durjay膩), 补产丑颈尘耻办丑墨, d奴ra峁僩am膩 (惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 Kyoto ed. 掳ma岣�, read 掳m膩 with Mironov), 补肠补濒腻, 蝉腻诲丑耻尘补迟墨, dhar- mamegh膩; the last three are named 尝补峁卥腻惫补迟腻谤补-蝉奴迟谤补 15.5; in Bodhisattva产丑奴尘颈 332.20 ff. the ten bodhisattva-产丑奴maya岣� of Da艣a产丑奴尘颈kas奴tra (which is specifically referred to) are called bodhisattva-vih膩r膩岣�; the 10 bodhisattva-产丑奴尘颈 usually means this group, often referred to, so e.g. in (膧谤测补-)惭补帽箩耻艣谤墨尘奴濒补办补濒辫补 15.24 (while in (膧谤测补-)惭补帽箩耻艣谤墨尘奴濒补办补濒辫补 13.8 eight bodhisattva-产丑奴尘颈, presumably the first eight of the standard ten, are mentioned as attained by- Pratyeka- buddhas); a different list of ten 鈥榖odhisattv膩na 产丑奴mayo鈥� in 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 i.76.11 ff. (verses), viz: dur膩roh膩, baddham膩l膩 (q.v., text 掳m膩n膩), pu峁�pama峁囜笉it膩, rucir膩, cittavistar膩, r奴pavat墨, durjay膩 (compare No. 5 of the list above), janmanide艣a (-产丑奴尘颈?), yauvar膩jya(-产丑奴尘颈?), and abhi峁�eka(-产丑奴尘颈); only the last of these, q.v., is mentioned elsewhere, in 骋补峁囜笉补惫测奴丑补; on the other hand, Bodhisattva产丑奴尘颈 has an otherwise unknown list of bodhi- sattva-产丑奴尘颈, numbering six, 84.22 ff., or seven, 367.6, listed 367.3 ff. and identical with the other list except for an additional first member, gotra-产丑奴尘颈; the (other) six are adhimukticary膩- bh掳, 艣uddhyadhy膩艣aya- (or 艣uddh膩dhy掳), cary膩pratipatti-, niyata- (or niyat膩 产丑奴尘颈), niyatacary膩- (or 掳ry膩-pratipatti-), and ni峁ａ弓h膩- gamana-bh掳.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥攆. (-尘颈岣�-尘墨) 1. The earth. 2. Place, site in general. 3. A district. 4. Land, soil. 5 A story, floor. 6. A site, situation. 7. Attitude, posture. 8. A mask, a character, (in Dramaturgy.) 9. Subject, objest. 10. The tongue 11. Abode. 12. The base of any figure in geometry. E. 产丑奴 to be and mi Unadi aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥� (also 产丑奴m墨, i. e. 产丑奴 + ma + 墨, cf. I. 产丑奴man), f. 1. The earth, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 165, 16. 2. Land, estate, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] iii. [distich] 92; domain (where one governs or works), [Bh膩gavata-Pur膩峁嘺, (ed. Burnouf.)] 5, 11, 9. 3. Place, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 161, 13; site.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�).鈥�(产丑奴m墨) [feminine] the earth, ground, soil, land, country, place, site, abode; floor or story of a house; step, degree ([figuratively]); position, part or character ([drama]); a person or thing worthy of (鈥斅�).

--- OR ---

叠丑奴尘墨 (啶�啷傕ぎ啷�).鈥攙. 产丑奴尘颈.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�):鈥擺from 产丑奴] a f. ([Vedic or Veda] also [nominative case] 产丑奴m墨 [genitive case] [ablative] 尘测腻蝉 [locative case] 尘测腻尘) the earth, soil, ground, [峁歡-veda] etc. etc.

2) [v.s. ...] ([plural] divisions of the world; cf. 产丑奴尘颈-traya)

3) [v.s. ...] a territory, country, district, [ib.]

4) [v.s. ...] a place, situation, [艢atapatha-br膩hma峁嘺] etc. etc.

5) [v.s. ...] position, posture, attitude, [Mah膩bh膩rata; K膩vya literature] etc.

6) [v.s. ...] the part or personification (played by an actor), [Kath膩sarits膩gara]

7) [v.s. ...] the, floor of a house, story, [Meghad奴ta; Kath膩sarits膩gara]

8) [v.s. ...] the area, [艢ulba-s奴tra]

9) [v.s. ...] the base of any geometrical figure, [Colebrooke]

10) [v.s. ...] (metaph.) a step, degree, stage, [Yoga-s奴tra] (with Buddhists there are 10 or 13 stages of existence or perfection, [顿丑补谤尘补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 45; 46])

11) [v.s. ...] extent, limit, [Kir膩t膩rjun墨ya]

12) [v.s. ...] (ifc.) a matter, subject, object, receptacle id est. fit object or person for (cf. 惫颈艣惫腻蝉补-, sneha-bh etc., and 辫腻迟谤补, 产丑腻箩补苍补)

13) [v.s. ...] the tongue, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) [v.s. ...] (also)= 产丑奴 (above)

15) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a son or grandson of Yuyudh膩na and father of Yuga峁僤hara, [Hariva峁兣沘; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺]

16) 叠丑奴尘墨 (啶�啷傕ぎ啷�):鈥擺from 产丑奴] , in [compound] for 产丑奴尘颈.

17) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�):鈥攂 产丑奴m墨 etc. See p.763.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�):鈥�(尘颈岣�) 2. f. The earth; a place.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 叠丑奴尘颈.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�):鈥�(nf) the earth; land, soil; zone; -[耻诲诲丑腻谤补] reclamation; -[办丑补峁冡笉补] a territory, tract (of land), plot; ~[gata] underground; subterranean; ~[箩墨惫墨] a farmer, peasant; ~[tattva] pedology; ~[tala] the surface of earth; ~[dhara] a landowner; a mountain; ~[诲丑腻谤墨] a landholder or owner; -[产丑腻驳补] a territory, tract of land; region; ~[loka] the earth; ~[惫颈箩帽腻苍补] pedology; ~[惫补颈箩帽腻苍颈办补] a pedologist; pedological; -[艣补测补苍补] sleeping on the ground, the act or practice of sleeping over bare ground; ~[艣腻测墨] one who sleeps over bare ground; ~[峁ａ弓丑补] fallen on the ground; ~[sambhava] the planet Mars; ~[suta] the planet Mars; ~[sura] a Brahman.

context information

...

Prakrit-English dictionary

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: 叠丑奴尘颈.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

叠丑奴尘颈 (嗖�喑傕伯嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] the planet that we live on; the earth.

2) [noun] the solid part of the earth鈥檚 surface not covered by water; land.

3) [noun] a piece of cleared land, set off or enclosed, for raising crops; a field.

4) [noun] (pros.) a metre consisting of three long syllabic instants (—-); molassus.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) 叠丑奴尘颈 (啶�啷傕ぎ啶�):鈥攏. 1. earth; soil; land; 2. region; country; 3. place; site; area; 4. the earth; world; 5. the ground floor of a house; 6. cultivable land;

2) 叠丑奴尘墨 (啶�啷傕ぎ啷�):鈥攏. 鈫� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶� [产丑奴尘颈]

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Bhu, Mi.

Starts with (+23): Bhumi-chakra-pundu, Bhumi-chakragedde, Bhumi-champa, Bhumi-erand, Bhumibarddhana, Bhumibhaga, Bhumibhedin, Bhumibhuta, Bhumicakragedde, Bhumicampaka, Bhumiccha, Bhumicchattra, Bhumichampaka, Bhumida, Bhumidevi, Bhumidrimha, Bhumidvaya, Bhumiga, Bhumigarbha, Bhumigata.

Full-text (+1783): Bhumikampa, Bhumipati, Bhumishaya, Karmabhumi, Bhumika, Bhumideva, Bhumikadamba, Bhumija, Bhumya, Bhumibhrit, Bhumitala, Abhumi, Rangabhumi, Janmabhumi, Dashabhumi, Atibhumi, Dyobhumi, Bhumilepana, Bhumipa, Kshetrabhumi.

Relevant text

Search found 267 books and stories containing Bhumi, Bhoomi, Bhu-mi, Bh奴-mi, 叠丑奴尘颈, 叠丑奴尘墨, 叠丑耻尘墨; (plurals include: Bhumis, Bhoomis, mis, 叠丑奴尘颈s, 叠丑奴尘墨s, 叠丑耻尘墨s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Ch枚dr枚n)

Chapter XX - (2nd series): Setting out on the Mah膩y膩na

叠丑奴尘颈 10: the ground of the cloud of the Dharma (诲丑补谤尘补尘别驳丑腻) < [Chapter XX - (2nd series): Setting out on the Mah膩y膩na]

Note (2). The ten Bodhisattva grounds or abodes < [Chapter XX - (2nd series): Setting out on the Mah膩y膩na]

+ 128 more chapters / show preview

The Indian Buddhist Iconography (by Benoytosh Bhattachacharyya)

Figure 223 - Twelve 叠丑奴尘颈s: Dharmamegh膩

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Dasabhumika Sutra (translation and study) (by Hwa Seon Yoon)

Part 2 - Bhumi Doctrine and the Theravada Scheme Leading to Nibbana < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]

Part 3.4 - Linguistic features of the Dasabhumika Sutra < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]

Stage 9: Sadhumati Bhumi < [Chapter 2 - Study: Summary of the Ten Stages]

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Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by 艢r墨 艢r墨mad Bhaktived膩nta N膩r膩yana Gosv膩m墨 Mah膩r膩ja)

Verse 2.2.230 < [Chapter 2 - J帽膩na (knowledge)]

Verse 2.4.272 < [Chapter 4 - Vaiku峁囜弓ha (the spiritual world)]

Verse 2.1.216 < [Chapter 1 - Vair膩gya (renunciation)]

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Women in the Atharva-veda Samhita (by Pranab Jyoti Kalita)

18. Goddess P峁泃hiv墨 < [Chapter 4 - Female Deities and the Glorification of Women in the Atharvaveda]

6d. Hymn to Put a Woman to Sleep < [Chapter 2 - The Str墨karm膩峁噄 Hymns of the Atharvaveda]

10. Goddess I岣嵞� < [Chapter 4 - Female Deities and the Glorification of Women in the Atharvaveda]

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The Great Chariot (by Longchenpa)

Part 4 - The path of meditation < [C. The stages of the paths of meditation on this]

1d.2) The Dharma jewel < [Part 1 - The causal refuge]

2f) How, by the power of mind, accumulations are gathered < [Part 2 - The essence]

+ 37 more chapters / show preview

 

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