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English text:

As the structure of the mandala became ever more refined with the passing of time, so did the positions, bodily colours, hand gestures (mudra), vehicles, etc., of its constituent Buddhas and other deities come to be prescribed in great detail. For example, although the five Buddhas of the Vajradhatu Mandala have Shakyamuni as their historical model, the figure of each is iconographically prescribed in its capacity as a Buddha transcending Shakyamuni鈥檚 historical being.

Vairocana resides in the centre of the mandala white in colour, with his hands making the gesture of "turning the Dharma-wheel" (symbol of preaching) or of the "wisdom fist" (grasping the erect forefinger of the left fist with the right fist), and seated on a lion. Aksobhya in the east is blue in colour, touches the ground with the right hand in the "earth-touching" gesture and is seated on an elephant. Ratnasambhava in the south is yellow in colour, makes the "wish-granting" gesture with the palm of his right hand facing the beholder and is seated on a horse. Amitabha in the west, his traditional quarter, is red in colour, has his hands clasped in the "meditation" gesture, indicating that he is in a state of meditation, and is seated on a peacock. Amoghasiddhi in the north is green in colour, makes the "fearlessness-bestowing" gesture with the palm of his right hand held up towards the beholder and is seated on the Garuda, a mythical bird.

Nepalese text (not proofread)

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Nepalese to English (automated translation)

Panchabuddha鈥擜s the structure of the mandala became more refined with the speed of time, the associated Buddha Bodhisattvas and other deities' postures, varnas, postures, vehicles, etc. were explained in detail. For example, although the figure of the Pancha Buddha sitting inside the Vajradhatumandal looks like the historical Shakyamuni Buddha, these statues are described according to their own qualities and abilities, as Adibuddha explained about the excellence of Shakyamuni Buddha.

In the central part of the mandala, there is a white varna, Dharmachakra Pravartana or Wodhyanga Mudra, holding the left thumb in the right fist and holding a lion vehicle. In the east direction, the blue character, with the finger of the right hand touching the ground in the "Bhoomi Sparsh mudra" is a sign of riding an elephant. In the south direction, the yellow character, in the Varad mudra, pointing the right palm towards the viewer and riding a horse, is possible. In the west, the red character is a sign of meditation The figure is Amitabh holding the Peacock vehicle with one hand on top of the other in Dhyanamudra.In the north direction is Amoghasiddhi holding the religious bird Garuda holding the green color, raising the right hand and facing the audience with the palm facing the audience.

Transcription (with diacritics):

笔补帽肠补产耻诲诲丑补鈥攋asar墨 尘补峁囜笉补濒补办辞 banau峁璦 samayako gatisa峁僩ai pari峁�k峁涐弓a hu峁僤ai gae, tyasasa峁僩a sambandhita buddha bodhisattvahar奴 迟补迟丑腻 aru devat膩har奴ko 腻艣补苍补, 惫补谤峁嘺, 尘耻诲谤腻, b膩hana 腻诲颈尘腻 pani vist峁泃a vy膩khy膩 hu峁僤ai gae . Ud膩hara峁嘺ko l膩gi 惫补箩谤补诲丑腻迟耻尘补峁囜笉补濒补 bhitra 惫颈谤腻箩补尘腻苍补 辫补峁僣补产耻诲诲丑补办辞 腻办峁泃颈 补颈迟颈丑腻蝉颈办补 艣腻办测补尘耻苍颈 buddhako jastai dekhie pani y墨 m奴rtihar奴ko 膩-膩phnai 驳耻峁嘺 ra sak峁�amat膩 补苍耻蝉腻谤补 惫补谤峁嘺na 驳补谤颈别办腻 chan, jasar墨 膩dibuddhale 艣腻办测补尘耻苍颈 buddhako utk峁涐梗峁璦t膩ko b膩rem膩 vy膩khy膩 garek膩 thie .

尘补峁囜笉补濒补办辞 madhya bh膩gam膩 seto 惫补谤峁嘺, dharmacakra pravartana v膩 vodhya峁単a 尘耻诲谤腻 b膩y膩峁� 丑腻迟补ko au峁僱膩 诲腻测腻峁� 丑腻迟补ko mu峁環峁環墨m膩 sam膩iraheko 蝉颈峁僪补 惫腻丑补苍补 gareko vairocana huncha . 笔奴谤惫补 诲颈艣腻尘腻 n墨lo 惫补谤峁嘺, 诲腻测腻峁� 丑腻迟补ko au峁僱膩le bhu墨m膩 choeko 鈥�产丑奴尘颈 蝉辫补谤艣补 尘耻诲谤腻" 驳补谤墨 丑腻迟迟墨 惫腻丑补苍补 gareko 补办峁�o产丑测补 huncha . 顿补办峁�i峁嘺 诲颈艣腻尘腻 pahe峁僱o 惫补谤峁嘺, varada 尘耻诲谤腻 驳补谤墨 诲腻测腻峁� hatkel膩 dar艣akatira dekh膩eko ra gho岣嵞� 惫腻丑补苍补 gareko ratnasambhava huncha . 笔补艣肠颈尘补 诲颈艣腻尘腻 r膩to 惫补谤峁嘺, 诲丑测腻苍墨 avasth膩m膩 raheko 蝉补峁僰别迟补 svarupa eka m膩thi arko 丑腻迟补 谤腻办丑颈 dhy膩na尘耻诲谤腻 驳补谤墨 尘补测奴谤补 惫腻丑补苍补 gareko 补尘颈迟腻产丑补 huncha . Uttara 诲颈艣腻尘腻 harita 惫补谤峁嘺, 诲腻测腻峁� 丑腻迟补 m膩thi u峁環膩墨 hatkel膩 dar艣akatira dekh膩i abhaya 尘耻诲谤腻 诲丑腻谤补峁嘺 驳补谤墨 诲丑腻谤尘颈办补 辫补峁僰峁Ｄ� 驳补谤耻岣峚 b膩hana gareko amoghasiddhi huncha .

Transcription (without diacritics):

pancabuddha鈥攋asari mandalako banauta samayako gatisamgai parishkrita humdai gae, tyasasamga sambandhita buddha bodhisattvaharu tatha aru devataharuko ashana, varna, mudra, bahana adima pani vistrita vyakhya humdai gae . udaharanako lagi vajradhatumandala bhitra virajamana pamcabuddhako akriti aitihasika shakyamuni buddhako jastai dekhie pani yi murtiharuko a-aphnai guna ra sakshamata anusara varnana garieka chan, jasari adibuddhale shakyamuni buddhako utkrishtatako barema vyakhya gareka thie .

mandalako madhya bhagama seto varna, dharmacakra pravartana va vodhyanga mudra baya峁� hatako aumla dayam hatako muththima samairaheko simha vahana gareko vairocana huncha . purva dishama nilo varna, dayam hatako aumlale bhuima choeko 鈥�bhumi sparsha mudra" gari hatti vahana gareko akshobhya huncha . dakshina dishama pahemlo varna, varada mudra gari dayam hatkela darshakatira dekhaeko ra ghoda vahana gareko ratnasambhava huncha . pashcima dishama rato varna, dhyani avasthama raheko samketa svarupa eka mathi arko hata rakhi dhyanamudra gari mayura vahana gareko amitabha huncha . uttara dishama harita varna, dayam hata mathi uthai hatkela darshakatira dekhai abhaya mudra dharana gari dharmika pamkshi garuda bahana gareko amoghasiddhi huncha .

Gallery information:

The Northern Himalayan region in Nepal offers a wide variety of Buddhist objects such as paintings, scriptures, sculptures, ritualistic objects, etc. Buddhism once entered Tibet from Nepal and has blended in its own way there, resulting in Tibetan Buddhism which is divided into many schools. The items found here are exhibited in the National Museum of Nepal (Rashtriya Museum).