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Instrumental Music has universal appeal; all the people alike can appreciate the richness and the soothing tones of the instruments, transcending the barriers of region, religion and language. The types of musical instruments vary from region to region. Likewise the method of playing the instruments and the sound produced by them vary from instrument to instrument. Musical instruments are generally classified as idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, aerophones and electrophones. Man has sought to express something beyond the mundane through the medium of the art throughout the ages and music is one of the most important fine arts that enable man to express the stirrings of his soul. And for that purpose he used any object, which can produce music, a piece of stone or a leaf to the most complicated tone synthesizer.

vacam ava sandhate bhumidundubhim a jhanti | yaivemam vaka pravistha tam evava sandhate || | cazikha (Yajur Veda VII-5-9-3) They beat the drum, verily they win that Speech which has entered this (earth); verily also they conquer the earth.

62 The vibration of certain substance creates sound. The sound creating substances are many, but a few were known in the early days of the human history. The tightly stretched string, for example, is one, which is known from very early days. Some sounds producing membrane (tightly stretched) or an enclosed column of air are perhaps the earliest forms of musical instruments. Man learnt to play them to his tunes along with the clapping of hands and stamping of feet. The history of Indian musical instruments can be gathered from various sources such as Literature (classical, folk, general, music) and Visual representations (paintings, sculptures, and reliefs). The Vedic literature describes drums covered with the skins of animals, large earthen drums, and many types of stringed instruments. They were employed during rituals and sacrifices. The bhumi-dundubhi, a giant earth drum, consisting of a hallow pit covered with skin, struck by logs of wood, signaled danger or approaching enemies with its thunderous and deep resonating pitch. Vedic singers used the dundhubi, a drum formed out of a hallow tree trunks with the upper part covered with skin. * In the Epics, there is mention of use of musical instruments. When Rama performed the Asvameda Yaga, several skilled musicians were said to have performed. Ramayana refers to Vina, Dundhubi, Mrdanga, Bheri, Ghata, Panava, Pataha, and Dindima. When the priests performed puja, their wives were supposed to have played the Vina. References have been gren Page No. 135 and succeeding on pages.

These general classifications are on grouped the basis of functional use and context respectively. (Book-III - Ch-9 - Page 262-263 and Book I - Ch.13- Page 228) (The South Indian Music, by Prof. P. Sambamurtin, published by Kamatik Music Book Center, 1973).