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The Vamana-Purana [惫腻尘补苍补辫耻谤腻峁嘺尘] / By Dr. V. Raghavan, M. A., Ph.D.; Prof. University of Madras / 184-192

[ sratra vamanapuranasya mudritamudritanam pustakanam pariksanena svarupa- kaladicarca ; kalidasiya kavyacchayasankramah ; tathacarvacinasahi- tyamsanupravesah, puranantarasambandhasca samgrahena vicaryante ve0 raghavan ] The Vamana Purana called for examination, as during the course of the study of Matsya Purana and its problems, it was found that the Vamana called the Matsya the foremost among the Puranas. While praising the best in different classes of things, the Vamana says: mukhyam puranesu yathaiva matsyam || 12.48. The textual problems of this comparatively short Purana are not less complicated than those of the larger Puranas. We have the printed text of the Venkateswara Press, Bombay (1903-4), which is in 95 chapters; it deals, of course, with the Vamana-story, but that story is submerged in the stories of Siva, Parvati and Kumara. In this connection we may consider the manuscript-position of this Purana to have a full picture of its textual problems. The following manuscripts of the Vamana are known from the Catalogues at my disposal for the New Catalogus Catalogorum¹ work. VAMANA-PURANA Adyar I p. 155a (Chs. 1 to 66)...... (Dn pp. 269). Alph. List. Beng. Govt. p. 104 (No. 844) Alwar 868. America 1447 (Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, no. 2172)...... (Saka 1679)......(Dn. ff. 133) Anandasrama 1384. 7635.7865. 1. For the abbreviations of Catalogues used here, see New Catalogus Catalogorum, Vol. I. (Also see 'Purana' Vol. I, No. 2. pp. 225ff.)

Jan. 1962] THE VAMANA PURANA 185 Ani. (Purana) 31 AS. p. 172 (inc) B. II. 28. 30. Bharatpur II. 48 Bhk. 13 Bhor 117 Bik. 466 BISM ptd. Cat. 1960. p. 256a (2 mss.) BORI. 19 of 1873-74. 121 of A. 1881-82. 78 of 1882-83. Br. Mus. 112 (sam. 1845)...(ff. 304) Burnell 192b. (nos. 1583-7, 11119. 11236-7) CPB. 5058 (Tukaram Pathak of Yeoda, Amaroti Dt.), (The Bhonsla Rajas of Nagpur) 5059 do 5060 do 5061 do 5062 (Lakshmiprasad of Jubbalpure Cs. IV. 196 (inc) Dn ff. 251. 199 Dn. ff. 222. 200 Dn, ff. 57 Dacca 1630... (Ben ff. 193). 2587 (Ben ff. 143) 3391... (Ben. ff. 197) 4271 Gov. Or. Libr. Madras. 83 IO. 3584...(Dn. ff. 170). 3585... (Dn. ff. 208). 3586 (3chs. Extract, S. Ind.) 6816 (Dn. ff. 329) 6816 (Vamanapuranasucika)... Tel. pp. 28) Jaipur Palace, Almirah 45. XLVI. 9; XVIII. 68. Jodhpur 758 (Chs. 192). K. 30 Katm. 2 Khn. 32 Kotah. 630......(pp. 160). L. 1264. Mandlik BH. 44 (p. 67) ff. 190. Saka. 1775. MD, 2263 (Chs. 6 to 90)......(Tel. pp. 304). 2335 (puranatantrasuci)......(Tel. ff. 44-52). 2336 (puranasuci)............ (Tel. ff. 125-137). 24

186 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 Mysore I.p. 167 (2 mss.) C. 433 (Dn.ff. 163) 4037 (Tel. ff. 168). Nabadwip 71, 72. NP. V, 10. Oppert II. 4923. 6952. 7739. Oudh. XI, 6. XIX, 36. Oudh. 1875. 8. Oxf. 45 b. Oxf. II. Index 1217...... ff. 4-49) See Ms. Wilson 127 (102) Bodl. Cat. pp. 45 ff. Pul. II. 2065......(Dn. ff. 175). 2066 (inc.)......(Dn. ff. 243, gr. 7000), 2067 (inc.)......(Dn. ff. 195; gr. 6000). Radh. 40. Ranbir. 7896. 7932. RASB. V. 3989 (Ben. ff. 167. gr. 4500). 3990 (Kashmiri. ff. 182. gr. 5800). Serampore G-2-52. S. K. Ray. 10 (inc.)......(ff. 151). S. K. Ray DC. 252......(ff. 151). Skt. Coll. Ben. 1903-1910, p. 12, no. 1922 (ff 38. gr. 1300). 1916-1917, p. 12, no, 2678... (ff. 27. gr. 700). Sringeri Mutt. 252 (chs. 62)......(Dn.). SSPC. I. F. 51. F. 157. Stein. 213 (2 mss.). Taylor II. p. 347 Chs. 56). TD.-10419 (Visnupujyavastukathana)......(Dn. gr. 4874). 10120-3 (Visnupujyavastu kathana). 10424 (fr.)...... (Tel. pl. gr. 900) 10425-6 (Venkatagirimahatmya from chs. 1 to 44). Tekkematham III. 9b (fr.). Udaipur I. p. 138 (no. 350)......(Dn.). Udaipur II. 53. 1......(ff. 204) 53. 2 (inc.). Vangiya p. 114 (inc.). (Ben. ff. 2-92, 112-173). VVRI. ptd. Cat. p. 157 (nos. 1782. 1804. inc). (Both Dn.) Kapalamocanamahatmya from. IM. 1726. Krsnakavaca from. IM. 9787. Dadhivamanastotra from. IM. 6930. 8344,

Jan. 1962] THE VAMANA PURANA 187 BRHAD-VAMANA -Kisoramahima from. Jaipur Palace, Almirah 38, XLVIII (9) (inc.) Whether the Vamana now in print is the Mahapurana or the Upapurana has been discussed', and it has been pointed out that although some portions of the printed text may be old, it may on the whole be a later redaction, but not later than the 9th century. While in its original form its Vaisnava character was perhaps most prominent, in its present form, the Vamana shows prominent Saiva influence, but it must be conceded that there is no sectarian bias here towards any one deity. According to the description in the Naradiya-purana, ch. 105, the Vamana consisted of a Purva and an Uttara Bhaga and the latter, in thousand granthas, comprised four Samhitas-Mahesvari devoted to Krishna, Bhagavati devoted to Devi, Sauri devoted to the Sun and Ganesvari devoted to Ganesa. The list of topics given in the Naradiya for the Purvabhaga agrees with the printed text, but the Uttara bhaga is not represented in the present text, although stories of Devi and a brief account of Ganesa are part of the printed text. What is interesting is that the Naradiya calls the Uttarabhaga Brhad-Vamana (sl. 13- srnutasyottaram bhagam brhadvamanasamjnakam ) Hazra has noted in his Studies in the Upapuranas (Vol. I.) that the Laghu-Bhagavatamrta quotes six verses from the Brhad-Vamana. Here, he takes Brhad-Vamana a separate Vaisnava-upapurana, distinct from a Vamana Upapurana, if such a text ever existed. But as we have seen, according to the Naradiya, Brhad-Vamana is the latter part of the Vamana, and the Vaisnava-material associated with Vamana might belong to the first Samhita of the Uttara-bhaga of Vamana, designated Brhad-Vamana. Now in the manuscripts recorded above, there are some evidences to support a text of Vamana which once existed in two Bhagas. In 10. 3586 (a Mackenzie manuscript), we have

188 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 three chapters (31-34) on the greatness of a shrine Tiruvoondi of Kalyanapuri in the South,-which includes a Varahamahatmya-described as part of the Uttarabhaga of the Vamana. 10.6815 is a concordance of the Vamana-contents, (a South Indian ms.), and here the Purva-bhaga of the Purana is referred to. In the Jaipur palace collection (Almirah 38, ms. bundle 48 (9), there is a Kisoramahima which mentions its source actually as Brhad-Vamana. In the Bikaner catalogue, we have in No 466 a manuscript of the Vamana, and from Mitra's detailed description under this, one would be tempted to suppose that here is a manuscript of the Purana in two Bhagas. There is nothing like that. The text in this manuscript is just the same as in the printed text. The descriptive note by Mitra is wholly based on the description of the Vamana in the Naradiya. Similarly the manuscripts analysed in detail in L. 1264 agrees in contents with the printed text. But a tallying of the chapters here, as well as in RASB. V. 3989, with the printed text shows that although the topics are the same in these manuscripts and the printed text, there is a different order of the chapters, as also a difference in the opening verses, in both these manuscripts as contrasted with the printed text. This difference in chapter-order, as also in the verses in the beginning, may itself be some evidence of the process of textual change from the old Vamana to the new. In the Sarasvati Mahal, Tanjore, there are five Vamana mss. (10419-23) having a portion dealing with Vaisnavaworship Vishnu-pujya-vastu-kathana which might go the older version. In the same Library, there are three mss. containing a Venkatagirimahatmya (11424-6), described as part of the Vamana; this ascription too may be explained by the Vaisnava character of the earlier version or at least of the Uttarabhaga which had a specific section devoted to Krishna.

Jan. 1962] THE VAMANA PURANA 189 One may not agree with every argument advanced by H. P. Sastri' to show the early date of the Vamana, but the Purana does have an older air about it, not found in the later redactions of the other Puranas. Also we can accept that, as it is, the text was produced in Kuruksetra region, for in a series of verses praising the best of each class, already referred to, the Vamana speaks of Kurukshetra and its Tirthas like Prithudaka as the most sacred. (ch. 12, sls. 44-57): ksetresu yadvatkurujangalam varam tirthesu yadvat pravaram prthudakam | 45. The Vamana text, as at present available, shows a co siderable amount of literary polish, and the influence on it of Kalidasa in particular is patent. Vamana. 51.38 : na yukta m caivamuktvatha sagano'ntardadhe tatah | 58 : tapasa vanchayantiha girije sacaracarah | rupabhijanamaisvaryam- metatte vartate bahu || ,, 59 tatkimarthamapasyaitan alankaran jata dhrtah | K. S. III. 74: srantardadhe bhutapatih sabhutah || V. 41. kule prasutih prathamasya vedhasah triloka saundaryamivoditam vayah | amrgyamaisyayam sukham navam vayah tapah phalam syat kimatah param vada || V. 14. kimityapasyabharanani yauvane dhrtam tvaya vardhakasobhi valkalam | In the further conversation between Siva in the form of the Vatu, the metre too approximates to that of the K. S. 51.63: katham karah pallava komalaste V. 96. samesyate sarvakaram sasarpam | 1) ASB. Cat. V. Introduction, pp. 182-4. vastunirbamndhapare katham nu te karo'yamamuktavivahakautukah | karena sambhorvalayikrtahina sahisyate tatprathamavalambanam || 2. On Kalidasa's influence on some other Puranas, see my The Kalika Purana, Kalidasa and Magha", Woolner Com. Vol. pp. 191-4, and 'Gleanings from the Matsya Purana', Purana, Vol. I. p. 85. and Further Gleanings', ibid., Vol. III. No. 2.

190 puranam - PURANA 64 : tatha dukulambarasalini tva mrgaricarmabhivrtastu rudrah | [Vol. IV, No. 1 tva m candanatkta sa ca bhasma bhu (ru ) sitah 69 : stanadvaye'smin haricandanaspade 67 : vadhudukulam kalahamsalaksanam gajajinam sorigatavindurvasa ca | padam citabhasmarajah karisyati | "" na yuktarupam pratibhati me tvidam 69 : prayuktarupam kimatah param vada | 65 : evam vadini viprendre VI. 84 : evam vadina devarso Parvati's reply- " 66 : sivo vapyathava bhimah sadhano nirdhano'pi va | pralamkrto va devesah tatha vapyanalankrtah | 67 : nivaryatamayam bhiksuh vivaksuh sphuritadharah | na tatha nindakah papi yatha srota- ,, 68 : tato'tyajad bhiksurupam svarupastho'bhavacchivah | Ch. 52 Marriage. $1. 1 : tatah sampujito rudrah sasmara ca maharsimstu arundhatya samam tatah || 11 : tam madarthaya sailendro yacyatam dvijasattamah | 11 13. Siva to Arundhati purandhrayo hi purandhrinam gitam dharmasya vai viduh | V. 77 : na bhimarupah siva ityudiryate ") " " " 29 akincanassan prabhavah sa sampadam vibhusanodbhasi pinaddhabhogi va 83 : nivaryatamali kimapyayam batuh 29 97 punarvivaksuh sphuritottaradharah | na kevalam yo mahato'pabhasate srnoti tasmadapi yah sa papabhak | ,, 84 : svarupamasthaya ca tam krtasmitah VI, 3 : rsin jyotirmayan sapta 4: sasmara smarasasanah | sarundhatikah sapadi pradurasan purah prabhoh | 29 : tamasmadarthe yusmabhih yacitavyo himalayah | 32 : prayenaivam vidhe karye 26 : Himavan to the sages : 54: anabhravrstih kimiyam purandhrinam pragalbhata | cf. also 13 : kriyanam khalu dharmyanam satpatnyo mulakaranam | apameghodayam varsam

Jan. 1962] THE VAMANA PURANA utaho'kusumam phalam | apratarkyamacintyam ca bhavadagamanam tvidam || 28 : drstiputam padakrantam tirtha sarasvatam yatha | adrstakusumam phalam | atarkitopapanna vi darsanam pratibhati me || 56 : yadadhyasitamarhadbhih taddhi tirtham pracaksate | 29, 30 : daso'ham bhavatam viprah | kimkaro'smi - 58 : jangamam presyabhave vah | sthito yusmadajnakari taducyatam | 62 : ajnam sadaro'ham samam putraih | 62 : ajnam mem datumahamtha | 63 : ete vayamami darah kanyeyam kulajivitam | 191 31 : ucurangirasam brddham karyamadrau nivedaya | 39 : yavanto jangama gamya bhutah saila caturvidhah tesam mata tviyam devi yatah proktah pita harah || 41 : yacitaro vayam sarvo varo data tvamapyuma | vadhuh sarvajaganmata kuru yacchreyase tava || 59 : tato'pyarundhati kali- mankamaropya catukaih | vilajjamanamasvasya haranamocitaih subhaih || 60 : jamitragunasamyuktam tithi punyam sumangalam | 61 : uttaraphalguni yogam trtiye'hni himamsuman | gamisyati ca tatrokto muhurto maitranamakah || vrata yenatra vah karyam | 65 : prathangirasamagranyam X rsayo nodayamasuh | 80 : yavantyetani bhutani sthavarani carani ca | motaram kalpayantvenam iso hi jagatah pita || 82 : uma vadhubhamvan data yacitara ime vayam | varah sambhuralam hyesa tvatkulodbhutaye vidhih || 91 : tam pranamadara * ankamaripayamasa lajamanamarundhati || * X VII. 1 : tithau tu jamitragunanvitayam | 6 : maitre muhurte sasalanchanena yogam gatasuttaraphalgunisu | VI. 93 : vaivahiki tithi prstah te tryahadurdhvamakhyaya Ch. 53. S1. 11 : yamuna saritam srestha VII. 12: murte ca gangayamune tadanim valavyajanamuttamam | sacamare devamasevisatam |

192 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 23. The acts of the city-ladies on seeing Siva coming: jimutaketurayata 53 : tasmin muhurte purasundarina- misanasamdarsanalalasanam | prasadamalasu babhuvurittham vyaktanyakaryani vicestitani || ityevam nagarastriyah | nijakarma parityajya darsanayahata bhavan || 24 : malyadama samadaya 57: X * * karenaikena bhamini | kesapasam dvitiyena sankarabhimukhi gata || 25 : anyalaktakaragadhyam padam krtvakuleksarana | analaktakamekam hi x 26 : ekenaksnanjitenaiva srutva bhimamupagatam | sanjanam ca pragrhyanya salakam susthu dhavati || 27 : pranya sarasanam vasah paninadaya kayacidudvestanavantamalyah | vaddhu m na sambhavita eva tavat karena ruddho'pi ca kesapasah || Cf. 58 : X X agrapada- maksipya kacid dravaragameva etc. 59 : vilocanam daksinamanjanena sambhavya tadvancitavamanetra | tathaiva vatayanasannikarsam yayau salakamapara vahanti || 60: * sranya prasthanabhinnam na sundari | babandha nivim | x hastena tasthau srava- lambya vasah || 30 : x abala bravanti | 65 : sthane tapo duscarametadartha- maparnaya pelavayapi taptam | sthane tapo duscaramambikayah Towards the end, in the chapters dealing with Vamana. avatara story, the Vamanapuraga devotes a chapter (94th) to a conversation between Bali and Prahlada and the latter speaking to the former on the greatness of devotion to Hari. Here almost the first verse in Prahlada's teaching- 'bhavajaladhigatanam dvandvavatahatanam sutaduhitrkalatratranabharaditanam | visayavisamatoye majjatamaplavanam bhavati saranameko visnupoto naranam || ' is identical with verse 11 of the famous hymn Mukundamala of Kulasekhara. Verse 31 svapurusa- mabhiviksya parahastam here is Visnu Purana III. 7. 14.