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In the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 standing postures are determined separately for male and female. The defference of physical structure and way of standing position between male and female may be the reason behind this classification.

In the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 six kinds of standing postures are discussed for men viz.,

1. 惫补颈峁ａ箛补惫补,
2. 蝉补尘补辫腻诲补,
3. 惫补颈艣腻办丑补,
4. 尘补峁囜笉补濒补,
5. 腻濒颈岣峢补 and
6. praty腻濒颈岣峢补.

The 狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补 also accepts these varieties.^[1] Standing with easiness by keeping one foot in normal position and other places obliquely is called 惫补颈峁ａ箛补惫补 posture.^[2] The word sama denotes the equal position.^[3] In 蝉补尘补辫腻诲补 position, both the legs are placed at a distance of one 迟腻濒补.^[4] This posture is seen in the auspicious performance of Brahmins.^[5] This posture is also used to denote jumping of birds and sitting in chariot or aeroplanes.^[6] In 惫补颈艣腻办丑补 type of standing posture the gap between two feet should be two and half 迟腻濒补s, thighs should be inclining and feet are placed.^[7] This posture is used to show the carriage drawn by horses.^[8] In The student鈥檚 Sanskrit English Dictionary of V.S Apte, the 惫补颈艣腻办丑补 posture is mentioned as a kind of attitude, mostly carried in shooting.^[9] In the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 posture the distance between two legs should be three 迟腻濒补s and it should be adopted to show the striking action with bow and thunderbolt.^[10]

According to the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 posture becomes 腻濒颈岣峢补 when the distance between two legs is five 迟腻濒补s.^[11] The 艢补产诲补办补濒辫补诲谤耻尘补 states that in 腻濒颈岣峢补 posture the right leg should be extended and the left leg should be contracted.^[12] This position is used to denote furious things as well as taken at the time of fighting.^[13] Due to the edition of the prefix called prati which means opposite^[14] , praty腻濒颈岣峢补 posture denotes that posture which is totally the opposite of 腻濒颈岣峢补 posture. The 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 also agrees on it and accepts praty腻濒颈岣峢补 posture as the reverse form of 腻濒颈岣峢补 posture.^[15] According to the 狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补, the soldiers release the missiles from praty腻濒颈岣峢补 posture after taking an aim from 腻濒颈岣峢补 posture.^[16]

There are three types of standing postures of women viz.,

1. 腻测补迟补,
2. 腻惫补丑颈迟迟丑补 and
3. 丑补测补办谤腻苍迟补.

The 腻测补迟补 posture is used at the time of offering flowers by entering in the stage and 腻惫补丑颈迟迟丑补 posture is used to show erotic gestures.^[17] The 狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补 does not talk about the stading postures of female. Point to be noted here is that the standing postures recommended for man in the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 are also seen to adopt by the women in the classical dances of India. In the 础产丑颈苍补测补诲补谤辫补峁嘺, standing postures adopted in dance are called as 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 and there are ten kinds of standing postures are accepted in the 础产丑颈苍补测补诲补谤辫补峁嘺.^[18]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补, 11.51

[2]:

办颈帽肠颈诲补帽肠颈迟补箩补峁僩丑补艣肠补 惫补颈峁ａ箛补惫补峁� 蝉迟丑腻苍补尘耻肠测补迟别/ 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.23.2

[3]:

V.S Apte, The Student鈥檚 Sanskrit English Dictionary, p.585

[4]:

蝉补尘补辫腻诲补峁� tu 惫颈箩帽别测补峁� samaist膩l膩ntarai岣� padai岣�/ 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.23.3

[5]:

[...] Ibid., 3.23.4

[6]:

[...] Ibid.,3.23.5

[7]:

[...] Ibid.,3.23.6-7 艣

[8]:

[...] Ibid.,3.23.7-8

[9]:

V.S Apte, The Student鈥檚 Sanskrit English Dictionary, p.536

[10]:

尘补峁囜笉补濒补峁� sy膩ttr墨峁僺t膩l膩ntarameva ca/ dhanurvajraprah膩ra峁嘺峁� ma峁囜笉alena prayojayet// 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.23.9-10

[11]:

膩dau ca 诲补办峁�i峁嘺峁� 辫腻诲补峁� pa帽ca迟腻濒补峁� 辫谤补蝉腻谤补测别迟/ Ibid.,3.23.11

[12]:

[...] 艢补产诲补办补濒辫补诲谤耻尘补, Vol.1, p. 192

[13]:

腻濒墨岣峢补峁�鈥︹赌�.. sa峁僩r膩masya 苍颈谤奴辫补峁嘺峁�// si峁僪膩dyabhinaya峁� caiva 艣aktasandh膩nameva ca/ kha岣峠ayuddhe niyuddhe ca 尘补峁囜笉补濒补bhrama峁噀 tath膩// 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.23.12-14

[14]:

[...] 艢补产诲补办补濒辫补诲谤耻尘补, Vol.3, 253

[15]:

[...] 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.23.16

[16]:

[...] 狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补, 11.71

[17]:

[...] 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.23.20 & 22

[18]:

[...] 础产丑颈苍补测补诲补谤辫补峁嘺, 260-261