The concept of Doubling according to the 惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� [Part 8]

Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study)

by Mala Laha | 2021 | 31,647 words

This page relates 鈥榗oncept of Doubling according to the Manduki Shiksha鈥� of the study dealing with Shiksha Vedangas鈥攁 crucial component of Vedic literature focusing on phonetics and pronunciation in ancient texts. The researched texts include the Paniniya, Yajnavalkya and Naradi Shiksas, among others. The study also investigates historical phonological transformations between Sanskrit and Pali, exploring the evolution of sounds and pronunciation.

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Part 8 - The concept of Doubling according to the 惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�

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Doubling is one type of phonetic change of the language. There are many evidence of original doubling in the Veda. In the 峁欢惫别诲补 there are three word 鈥�肠颈肠肠颈办补岣�鈥� (name of a bird) X.146.2; 鈥�jajphatiriva鈥� (sound of the waters) and 鈥�补办丑补办丑补濒墨办峁泃测补鈥�(sounds of frogs) which are original evidence of doubling. Similarly in the Yajurveda there seem to be only five words which indicate original doubling.

These words are鈥�

鈥�惫峁沰办腻产丑测腻鈥� (xxv.8),
鈥�迟颈迟迟颈谤墨苍鈥� (xxiv.18),
鈥�办耻办办耻峁璦鈥� (I.16),
鈥�办补办办补峁璦鈥�(xxiv.32) and
鈥�辫颈濒颈辫辫颈濒腻鈥� (xxiii.12).

The first example of Yajurveda is probably formed from the root 惫峁沰 + the suffix k, the next three, being names of birds and animals, represent onomatopoeic sound as in `cuckoo鈥�, while 鈥�辫颈濒颈辫辫颈濒腻鈥� is a doubling of the word 鈥�pili鈥� with an intervening sound 鈥減鈥�. In the 厂腻尘补惫别诲补 a single word 鈥�jyokka鈥�(II.9-13,3), may indicate such doubling, but the original form of the word being 鈥�jyot鈥�, this may be the result of the assimilation of t to the succeeding suffix 鈥�kas鈥�.

Similar remarks may be applicable for three words in the Atharvaveda鈥�

鈥�pippalam鈥�(滨齿.14.20),
鈥�pippalt鈥�(痴滨.109.1),
鈥�惫峁沰kau鈥�(vii.101. 1)

The 惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� of Atharvaveda states the limits of doubling. For example according to this 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, the doubling cannot occur in a group of second and fourth consonants.

The 惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� also restricted the doubling of 鈥�r鈥漚nd 鈥�h鈥�.

啶� 啶班啶 啶掂ぞ啶灌啶距ぐ啷� 啶掂ぞ啶︵啶掂た啶班啶ぞ啶掂 啶溹ぞ啶い啷� 啶曕啶掂啶苦い啷� 啷�
啶� 啶� 啶掂ぐ啷嵿啶︵啶掂た啶む啶啶粪 啶� 啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶曕う啶距啶ㄠゥ
na rephe v膩 hak膩re v膩 dvirbh膩vo j膩yate kvacit |
na ca vargadvit墨ye峁 na caturthe kad膩cana||

(惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 123)

The 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� of 厂腻尘补惫别诲补岣� also states the same limits of doubling^[1]. The majority of Indian Grammarians are unanimous that 鈥�h鈥� is not doubled. But a few exceptional cases were actually noticed by Indian Grammarians where 鈥�h鈥� can be optionally doubled.

According to the Loma艣墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� of 厂腻尘补惫别诲补, 鈥�h鈥� is also doubled when it occurs between 鈥�r鈥� and 鈥�y鈥� as in etarhhngnih[?].^[2]

Rules of doubling鈥�

According to the 惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� there are twenty one consonants which are doubled.

啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶� 啶掂た啶傕ざ啶むた啶班啶曕ざ啷嵿 啶啶粪ぞ啶� 啶︵啶掂た啶班啶ぞ啶� 啶囙し啷嵿く啶む啷�
啶啶班ぅ啶ぞ啶ぇ啷嵿く啶ぞ啶氞ぞ啶ㄠ啶ぞ啶げ啶掂ぞ啶� 啶多し啶膏ぞ啶膏啶むぅ啶距ゥ
var峁嚹� vi峁兣沘tireka艣ca ye峁Ｄ佱箖 dvirbh膩va i峁ate|
pratham膩 madhyam膩 c膩ny膩 yalav膩岣� 艣a峁s膩stath膩||

(惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�,122)

This 艢颈办峁Ｄ� also prescribed some general rules of doubling.鈥�

啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶む 啶む啶む啶啶� 啶︵啶掂た啶む啶 啶啶班ぅ啶啶� 啶む啷�
啶嗋う啷嵿く啶え啷嵿い啷嵿く啶� 啶む啶む啶 啶� 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶曕啶粪ぐ啷囙ぃ啷堗さ啶啶∴く啷囙い啷嵿ゥ
caturtha峁� tu t峁泃墨yena dvit墨ya峁� prathamena tu|
膩dyamantya峁� t峁泃墨ya峁� ca sv膩k峁re峁嘺iva p墨岣峚yet||

(惭腻峁囜笉奴办墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 124)

In this connection the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� of 厂腻尘补惫别诲补 also recommended some general rule of doubling^[3]. The 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� states that after an 补苍耻蝉惫腻谤补 the first member of a consonant group was doubled^[4].

It is interesting to note that the 峁欢惫别诲补pr膩ti艣膩khya also mentioned this same condition.鈥�

啶膏啶掂ぐ啶距え啷佮じ啷嵿さ啶距ぐ啷嬥お啶灌た啶む 啶︵啶掂た啶班啶氞啶い啷� 啶膏啶啶椸ぞ啶︵た啶�
svar膩nusv膩ropahito dvirucyate sa峁儁og膩di岣�

(6/7)

The 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� also give a second general rule that a consonant after 耻辫补诲丑尘腻苍墨测补 is doubled. The 艢耻办濒补测补箩耻谤惫别诲补辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测补 also admitted this rule鈥�

啶溹た啶灌啶掂ぞ啶啶侧啶啶う啷嵿ぇ啷嵿ぎ啶距え啷赌啶ぞ啶啶ぞ啶炧啶�
箩颈丑惫腻尘奴濒墨测辞辫补诲诲丑尘腻苍墨测腻产丑测腻帽肠补

(4/104)

In accordance with the general rule of the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� a consonants after a 箩颈丑惫腻尘奴濒墨测补 is doubled. The 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� explains another general rule that a consonant after 鈥�r鈥� is doubled. The 峁歬迟补苍迟谤补 also mentioned this rules 鈥�谤补峁僪濒腻迟鈥� (5/6/5).

According to the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� a consonant after 鈥�h鈥� is doubled鈥�