Place of articulation [Part 3]

Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study)

by Mala Laha | 2021 | 31,647 words

This page relates 鈥楶lace of articulation鈥� of the study dealing with Shiksha Vedangas鈥攁 crucial component of Vedic literature focusing on phonetics and pronunciation in ancient texts. The researched texts include the Paniniya, Yajnavalkya and Naradi Shiksas, among others. The study also investigates historical phonological transformations between Sanskrit and Pali, exploring the evolution of sounds and pronunciation.

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Part 3 - Place of articulation

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There are many theories regarding the articulator place of sound. According to 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, the internal air first rises from the heart and undergoes changes in the throat, then it strikes the head鈥�

啶夃ぐ啶� 啶曕ぃ啷嵿啶� 啶多た啶班ざ啷嵿啷囙い啶� 啶膏啶ムぞ啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠた啶む啶班啶｀た啶掂ぞ啶權啶く啷囙イ
啶膏さ啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠ啶ぞ啶灌啶班啶むぞ啶ㄠた啶膏ぞ啶� 啶掂ぞ啶洁お啷嵿く啶班啶ムい啷嬥そ啶ㄠ啶むぐ啶啷�

ura岣� ka峁囜弓ha岣� 艣ira艣ceti sth膩n膩ni tr墨峁噄 v膩峁卪aye|
savan膩ny膩huret膩ni s膩ma v膩'pyarthato'ntaram||

(狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� 1/1/7)

This process of speech production seems to have been widely accepted by 峁欢惫别诲补辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测补^[1], 叠丑补谤补迟补苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补^[2], 艢耻办濒补测补箩耻谤惫别诲补辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测补^[3] and 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺^[4].

This type of articulation is based on 鈥�蝉补惫补苍补惫峁泃测腻鈥�. The savana means the time when the juice is extracted from the soma leaves. There are three types of savana like 辫谤腻迟补岣补惫补苍补, 尘腻诲丑测补苍诲颈苍补蝉补惫补苍补 and 迟峁泃墨测补蝉补惫补苍补.

The P膩峁噄n墨ya 艢颈办峁Ｄ� also mentioned, this type of articulation according to savana鈥�

啶ぞ啶班啶むじ啷嵿い啷傕ぐ啶膏た啶氞ぐ啶ㄠ 啶え啷嵿う啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶溹え啶い啷� 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶啷�
啶啶班ぞ啶む啶膏さ啶ㄠく啷嬥啶� 啶む 啶涏え啷嵿う啷� 啶椸ぞ啶い啷嵿ぐ啶ぞ啶多啶班た啶むぎ啷嵿ゥ

m膩rutast奴rasi caran mandra峁� janayate svaram|
辫谤腻迟补岣补惫补苍补yoga峁� ta峁� chando g膩yatram膩艣ritam||

(Verse, 7)

啶曕ぃ啷嵿啷� 啶ぞ啶о啶え啷嵿う啶苦え啶啶椸 啶ぇ啷嵿く啶 啶む啶班啶粪啶熰啶ぞ啶ㄠ啶椸ぎ啷嵿イ
啶むぞ啶班 啶む啶む啶じ啶掂え啶� 啶多啶班啶粪ぃ啷嵿く啶� 啶溹啶むぞ啶ㄠ啶椸ぎ啷嵿ゥ

ka峁囜弓he m膩dhyandinayuga峁� madhyama峁� trai峁ａ弓ubh膩nugam|
t膩ra峁� 迟峁泃墨测补蝉补惫补苍补峁� 艣墨r峁峁噛a峁� jagat膩nugam||

(Verse, 8)

啶啶班ぞ啶む 啶啷囙え啷� 啶ㄠた啶む啶ぎ啷佮ぐ啶膏啶ムた啶む啶� 啶膏啶掂ぐ啷囙ぃ啶多ぞ啶班啶︵啶侧ぐ啷佮い啷嬥お啶啶ㄠイ
啶ぇ啷嵿く啶ㄠ啶︵た啶ㄠ 啶曕ぃ啷嵿啶椸い啷囙え啶氞啶� 啶氞啷嵿ぐ啶距す啷嵿さ啶膏啷嵿啷傕啶苦い啶膏え啷嵿え啶苦き啷囙え啷�

pr膩ta岣� pa峁環en nityamurasthitena svare峁嘺艣膩rdularutopamena|
madhyandine ka峁囜弓hagatena caiva cakr膩hvasa峁卥奴jitasannibhena||

(Verse, 36)

啶むぞ啶班 啶む 啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ啶む 啶膏さ啶ㄠ 啶む啶む啶 啶多た啶班啶椸い啶� 啶む啷嵿 啶膏う啶� 啶啶班く啷嬥啷嵿く啶啷�
啶く啷傕ぐ啶灌啶膏ぞ啶ㄠ啶ぞ啶啶むじ啷嵿さ啶班ぞ啶｀ぞ啶� 啶む啶侧啶啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶︵啶� 啶多た啶班じ啷� 啶膏啶ムた啶む啶ㄠゥ

t膩ra峁� tu vidy膩t savana峁� t峁泃墨ya峁� 艣irogata峁� tacca sad膩 prayojyam|
may奴raha峁僺膩ny膩bh峁泃asvar膩峁嚹佱箖 tulyena n膩dena 艣iras sthitena||

(Verse, 37)

Types of articulation according to 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�

Table: 15 Types and Place of Articulation:

Name of Articulation	Place
顿谤耻迟补惫峁泃迟颈 (First Articulation)	At the time of self-preparation
惭补诲丑测补尘补惫峁泃迟颈 (Normal Articulation)	At the time of application
痴颈濒补尘惫颈迟补惫峁泃迟颈 (Slow Articulation)	At the time of teaching

啶呧き啷嵿く啶距じ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶︵啶班啶むぞ啶� 啶掂啶む啶むた啶� 啶啶班く啷嬥啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶む 啶ぇ啷嵿く啶ぞ啶啷�
啶多た啶粪啶ぞ啶｀ぞ啶啶う啷囙ざ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶曕啶班啶ぞ啶む 啶掂啶む啶むた啶� 啶掂た啶侧ぎ啷嵿が啶苦い啶距ゥ

abhy膩s膩rthe drut膩峁� v峁泃ti峁� prayog膩rthe tu madhyam膩m|
艣i峁膩峁嚹乵upade艣膩rthe kury膩t v峁泃ti峁� vilambit膩||

(狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/6/20)

This same verse is also available in the Y膩j帽avalkya 艢颈办峁Ｄ� (verse , 49) also. The Kau峁囜笉iny膩yana 艢颈办峁Ｄ� (1/11, 12) also mentioned this three types of articulation processed.