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鈥�Sandhi鈥� means euphonic combination or phonetic combination of two vowels or two consonants or one vowel and one consonant resulting form of their close utterance^[1].Originally when the Vedic hymns or the running prose passages of the Yajurveda were split up into their different constituent parts namely the words or padas by the 笔补诲补办腻谤补蝉, the word 蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 or 蝉补峁僪颈迟腻p膩峁環a come into use as contrasted with the 辫补诲补辫腻峁环补. This 蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 or sandhi is necessary in the case of the internal structure of a pada. 

According to 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ� the 蝉补苍诲丑颈岣� is of four kinds [as shown in table 11]鈥�

1. lopa (elision),
2. 腻驳补尘补 (augment),
3. 惫颈办腻谤补 (change) and
4. 辫谤补办峁泃颈产丑腻惫补 (retention of the original form)^[2]

On the other hand, the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ� also discussed different types of 鈥�惫测补帽箩补苍补蝉补苍诲丑颈鈥�.&苍产蝉辫;

According to this 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, there are seven kinds of 鈥�惫测补帽箩补苍补蝉补苍诲丑颈鈥�. They are like鈥�

1. 奴谤峁嚹乸颈峁囜笉补,
2. 箩惫腻濒腻辫颈峁囜笉补,
3. 尘峁泃辫颈峁囜笉补,
4. 惫腻测耻辫颈峁囜笉补,
5. 惫谤补箩补辫颈峁囜笉补,
6. 补测补辫颈峁囜笉补 and 
7. 诲腻谤耻辫颈峁囜笉补. 

These different types of 痴测补帽箩补苍补蝉补苍诲丑颈 according to 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ� is clarified in the table 12.

Table: 11 Examples of Different types of sandhi鈥�

Sandhi	Example
Elision (lopa)	ayak峁�m膩岣� m膩 > ayak峁�m膩 m膩 (艢uklayajurveda, 1.1) 艣补迟补迟别箩腻岣� 惫腻测耻岣�-艣atatej膩 惫腻测耻岣� (艢uklayajurveda,1.24)
Augment (腻驳补尘补)	pratya峁卻oma岣� > pratya峁卥asoma岣� asm膩n s墨te > asm膩nts墨te
Change (惫颈办腻谤补)	膩+idam > edam 膩+ime > eme
Retention of the original form (辫谤补办峁泃颈产丑腻惫补)	膩艣u岣�+艣i艣膩na岣�>膩艣u岣� 艣i艣膩na岣� namo +astu >namo astu

Table: 12 Different types of 痴测补帽箩补苍补蝉补苍诲丑颈 according to 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ�鈥�

痴测补帽箩补苍补蝉补苍诲丑颈	Example
础测补辫颈峁囜笉补	谤耻办办补尘补岣�&驳迟;谤耻办办补
顿腻谤耻辫颈峁囜笉补	vvilmine > vvilam
弄谤峁嚹乸颈峁囜笉补	辫腻艣补颈蝉迟尘补苍测腻鈥损腻艣补颈蝉迟迟补 尘补苍测腻
闯惫腻濒腻辫颈峁囜笉补	惫补丑苍颈岣� brahma
惭峁泃辫颈峁囜笉补	蝉颈峁僪墨
痴腻测耻辫颈峁囜笉补	devasavita岣� pprasuve
痴谤补箩补辫颈峁囜笉补	颈峁�k峁泃颈

i. 础测补辫颈峁囜笉补 (An iron ball) 

A consonant group in which a yama occurred was called an iron ball. For example 鈥�aggni鈥�, 鈥�辫补迟迟办墨鈥�&苍产蝉辫;

ii. 惭峁泃辫颈峁囜笉补 (A ball of clay) 

A consonant group in which an 鈥�补苍耻蝉惫腻谤补鈥� form was called a ball of clay. For example 鈥�蝉补峁僺迟丑腻鈥�, 鈥�蝉颈峁僪墨鈥�

iii. 闯惫腻濒腻辫颈峁囜笉补 (A ball of flame) 

A consonant group in which a 鈥�苍腻蝉颈办测补鈥� occurred was compared to a ball of flame, as in 鈥�Brahman鈥�.

It is extremely difficult to determine now how far this figurative differentiation of 鈥�yama鈥�, 补苍耻蝉惫腻谤补 and 鈥�苍腻蝉颈办测补鈥� actually represented the facts. But the comparison seems to indicate that in actual pronunciation the combination between a consonant and a 鈥�yama鈥� was closer than it was between an 鈥湶共猿懿醣鼓灏�补鈥� and a consonant.

On the other hand, it is also very difficult to explain the comparison of nasal sound to a ball of flame. Perhaps nasality so intensely attacked the 鈥�n鈥� in the actual pronunciation of the group that it called forth the analogy to a flame.

iv. 弄谤峁嚹乸颈峁囜笉补 (ball of wool)

The combination of a hissing fricative and a nasal consonant where no 鈥�yama鈥� was said to occur, was compared to a ball of wool, for example 鈥�补艣尘尘补苍鈥�, 鈥�办峁涐梗峁嘺鈥� In these examples, as a nasal consonant was not said to nasalize the fricative. The two sounds remained distinct from each other and were compared to a ball of wool, of which the threads remain comparatively apart from one another in these examples.

v. 顿腻谤耻辫颈峁囜笉补 

According to the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ� the combination of the group consonant and the semi-vowel was compared to a wooden ball. For example鈥�鈥�s奴ryya岣� a艣艣va岣�鈥�

vi. 痴腻测耻辫颈峁囜笉补 

The combination of the fricative 鈥�耻辫补诲丑尘补苍墨测补鈥� and the labial was compared to a ball of air. For example, 鈥�诲测补耻峁�p颈迟腻鈥�.

vii. 痴谤补箩补辫颈峁囜笉补 

According to the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, the combination of the fricative 鈥�箩颈丑惫腻尘奴濒墨测补鈥� and the velar plosive was compared to a ball of thunder, as in鈥斁贬梗k峁泃颈.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测墨 笔谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测补 3.3

[2]:

sandhi艣caturvidho bhavati lop膩g膩mavik膩r膩岣� 辫谤补办峁泃颈产丑腻惫补艣ceti|| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p.15)