Agama, ?gama, Agam¨¡, Ag¨¡ma: 56 definitions
Introduction:
Agama means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
: Wikipedia: ShaivismThe Shaiva Agama perceives its texts were generated from Shiva as:¡ªFrom Shiva to Devi, from Devi to Nandhi, from Nandhi to Brahma, from Brahma to Rishi and from Rishi to human beings.
: Agama Academy: Kamika AgamaThe Agamas represent on independent class of writing by very early seers, who had an inward experience and enlightenment from the Supreme Being, and who were also perhaps influenced by the Vedas in their original form. They had realized in their lives and thoughts the general truths taught by the early Upanisads. So far as Saivism is concerned, these seers were not men from the North. They were essentially representatives of All India and they reflected in their thoughts, modes of meditation and worship, and in their writing, the inherent Theism of the South.
The Agamas claim Vedic authority for their doctrines. The agama doctrines are indeed theistic and such theism is not foreign to the Upanisads.
: McGill: The architectural theory of the M¨¡nas¨¡ra (shaivism)?gama (???).¡ªRevelation and sacred scripture in Tamil ?aivism was not, however, limited to the hymns of saints. The ?gamas, texts in Sanskrit that were concerned primarily with ²õ¨¡»å³ó²¹²Ô²¹, ritual and spiritual practice, were also considered part of the body of revealed scripture. The contents of the ?gamas generally had a four-fold pada, division or structure: 1) Âá?¨¡²Ô²¹, knowledge; 2) yoga, techniques of meditation; 3) °ì°ù¾±²â¨¡, architectural and iconographie making, and associated rituals; and 4) carya, performance of daily worship, as well as code of religious conduct. ?aiva Siddh¨¡nta was the philosophico-theological systematization of ?aiva revelation received through these two streams, and was indelibly linked to the public institution of the temple.
: DSpace at Pondicherry: Siddha Cult in Tamilnadu (shaivism)?gama (???).¡ªThe ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ are the basic scriptures of both Southern and Ka?mir ?aivism. ?gama means the source from which the spiritual knowledge spreads in all directions. It has seven characteristics such as creation of the universe, dissolution of the universe, worship of gods and goddesses, spiritual practice, repetition of the mantras for attaining perfection, and performance of satkarma. According to tradition, they are considered to be divinely inspired and emanating from ?iva.
According to one tradition, the basic ?aiva ?gamas are eighteen in number and according to another it is twenty eight.
: Shodhganga: Temple management in the ?gamas?gama (???).¡ªThe ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ are said to have originated from the five faces of ?iva. At the time of creation, Mahe?a emanated the ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ from his five faces in order to establish the four Puru?¨¡rthas (dharma, artha, °ì¨¡³¾²¹, mok?a) in the world. ?aiv¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹-lekha-sarvasvam recounts a declaration by ?iva that he uttered both the Veda and ?gama even before the creation of the world.
: academia.edu: Religious Inclusivism in the Writings of an Early Modern Sanskrit Intellectual (Shaivism)?gama (???) refers to ¡°religious scripture¡±.¡ªIn his ??varapratyabhij?¨¡vimar?in¨©, Abhinavagupta understands scriptures in such a way that all scriptures, even those of the Buddhists and Jains, possess validity in their own sphere. He broadly defines religious scripture (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹) as a verbal designation (?²¹²ú»å²¹²Ô²¹°ù¨±±è²¹) consisting in the extremely firm (»å°ù²¹?³ó¨©²â²¹²õ³Ù²¹³¾²¹) reflective awareness (vimar?a) that occurs within an individual knower. In other words, any group of words that can assist a person in coming to some kind of awareness within himself is an ?gama.
Shaiva (???, ?aiva) or Shaivism (?aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation?gama (???) or ?gamamantra is the name of a mantra that is chanted during ¶Ù³ó¨¡°ù¨¡±è¨±Âᨡ, according to the ?ivapur¨¡?a 2.1.14:¡ª¡° after performing the regular worship of ?iva, with great devotion in accordance with prescribed rules, the devotees shall pour water in a continuous stream (Âá²¹±ô²¹»å³ó¨¡°ù¨¡). This Dh¨¡r¨¡ worship [viz., ¶Ù³ó¨¡°ù¨¡±è¨±Âᨡ] is very efficacious in delirium due to fever (Âá±¹²¹°ù²¹±è°ù²¹±ô¨¡±è²¹). At that time [...] ?gama-mantra, [... etc.,] shall be repeated. The Dh¨¡r¨¡ worship [viz., ¶Ù³ó¨¡°ù¨¡±è¨±Âᨡ] is very excellent in regard to flourishing series of pleasures. [...]¡±.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index?gama (???).¡ª1 ¡ªthe rules of;2 for digging wells, constructing tanks and gardens;3 cited for yaj?as where pa?u was not involved and where ²ú¨©Âá²¹ (seeds) served the purpose of the animal.4
- 1) Vi??u-pur¨¡?a I. 17. 58.
- 2) Brahm¨¡??a-pur¨¡?a II. 30. 19 and 27; III. 21. 46.
- 3) Matsya-pur¨¡?a 58. 55; 143. 13.
- 4) V¨¡yu-pur¨¡?a 53. 122; 57. 100.
The Purana (?????, pur¨¡?as) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India¡¯s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram1) ?gama (???) refers to ¡°entry¡±, according to the Manth¨¡nabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjik¨¡.¡ªAccordingly, ¡°[...] (Thus the yogi experiences) the contentment (t?pti) of the night of the Full Moon, which arises in this way laden with nectar. This is the consecration of the Command, the entry (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹) (of the breath that takes place) in the phase of emanation. Once he has purified (himself) by (this process of) entry and exit (gam¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹), (the adept) should worship the Transmission (°ì°ù²¹³¾¨¡°ù³¦²¹²Ô²¹). [...]¡±.¡ª(Cf. M¨¡lin¨©stava)
2) ?gama (???) is mentioned as the father of °³ó²¹?²µ²¹»å±ð±¹¨©¡ªone of the Sixteen Siddhas according to the Kubjik¨¡nity¨¡hnikatilaka: a derative text drawing from Tantras and other sources such as the ?a?s¨¡hasrasa?hi³Ù¨¡.¡ªThese sixteen spiritual teachers represent the disciples of the Nine N¨¡thas who propagated the Western Transmission noted in the Kubjik¨¡ Tantras.¡ª°³ó²¹?²µ²¹»å±ð±¹¨© the °ä²¹°ù²â¨¡ name of this N¨¡tha (i.e., the public name the Siddha uses when living as a wandering renouncer). His birth-name is Kar?ava?a?ar¨© (alternatively, his birth-name is Mah¨¡deva and his father is ?gama according to the Kulakaulin¨©mata);
: WikiPedia: ShaktismThe Shakta Agamas or Shakta tantras are 64 in number and grouped into Dakshina marga (right-hand) and Vama marga (left-hand).
: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita¡ªText on Visha Chikitsa (shakta)?gama (???) or ?²µ²¹³¾²¹?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹ refers to the Tantras (¡°the ancient Indian philosophy that combines Mantras and Yantras¡±).¡ªThe Kul¨¡r?ava Tantra mentions that each yuga or age has its scripture. The Satya-yuga had the Vedas. The Treta-yuga had the Sm?tis. The Dv¨¡para-yuga had the Pura?as to educate people about the Vedic doctrines in the garb of myths and tales. The Kali-yuga, has the Tantra or ?gama-?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹.
Shakta (?????, ?¨¡kta) or Shaktism (?¨¡ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: Wikipedia: Vaishnava dharmaThe Vaishnava Agamas are found into two main schools -- Pancharatra and Vaikhanasas.
Vaishnava (??????, vai??ava) or vaishnavism (vai??avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (¡®ten avatars of Vishnu¡¯).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar?gama (???).¡ªAugment, accrement, a word element which is added to the primitive or basic word during the process of the formation of a complete word or pada. The ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ is an adventitious word element and hence differs from ¨¡de?a, the substitute which wholly takes the place of the original or (??????? (¨¡»å±ð?¾±²Ô)). Out of the several ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ mentioned by P¨¡?ini, those that are marked with mute ?? (?) are prefixed, those, marked with ?? (k), are affixed, while those, marked with ?? (m), are placed immediately after the last vowel of the word. The augments become a part and parcel of the word to which they are added, and the characteristics of which they possess;cf.???????????????-???????????????? ????????? (yad¨¡gam¨¡stadgu?¨©-bh¨±³Ù¨¡stadgraha?ena g?hyante), also ??????? ????-???????????????? (¨¡gam¨¡n¨¡? ¨¡gami-dharmivai?i??yam) Par. ?ek. Pari.11. Those grammarians, who hold the view that words are unproduced and eternal, explain the addition of an augment as only the substitution of a word with an augment in the place of a word without an augment; cf. ?????????????? ?????????? ????-?????? ??????? (¨¡de?¨¡starhime bhavi?yanti an¨¡ga-mak¨¡n¨¡? s¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹k¨¡?) M. Bh. on I.1.20; I.1.46. The term ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ is defined as ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ???????????????????? ??? ??? ?????? (anyatra vidyam¨¡nastu yo var?a? ?ruyatedhika? | ¨¡gamyam¨¡natulyatv¨¡tsa ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ iti sm?ta?) Com. on Tait. Pr¨¡t.I. 23.
Vyakarana (???????, vy¨¡kara?a) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
: Wisdom Library: Raj NighantuAgama (???) refers to a ¡°tree¡±, as mentioned in a list of twenty-five synonyms in the second chapter (»å³ó²¹°ù²¹?²â¨¡»å¾±-±¹²¹°ù²µ²¹) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or R¨¡janigha??u (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dhara?y¨¡di-varga covers the lands, soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation¡¯s relations between trees [viz., Agama] and plants and substances, with their various kinds.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus?gama (???) refers to the ¡°accumulated (water)¡± (of an elephant), according to the 15th century ²Ñ¨¡³Ù²¹?²µ²¹±ô¨©±ô¨¡ composed by N¨©laka??ha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.¡ª[Cf. chapter 9, ¡°on kinds of must¡±]: ¡°18. His accumulation of must reduced, when the power has departed from the intensity of his fury, his form resplendent in sport with the gentle motion of his limbs restored, having lost his jealousy of (other) elephants, in the reduction of must, (namely, the seventh stage known as) ¡®diminution,¡¯ he shines like a cloud that has discharged its accumulation of water (toya-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹)¡±.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms?gama (???):¡ªTime tested expert opinions in concerned classical texts or authoritative testimony
?yurveda (????????, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of ?yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Nirukta (Sanskrit etymology)
: Shodhganga: Temple management in the ?gamas (nirukta)?gama (???) is also popularly explained as a compound of ¨¡²µ²¹³Ù²¹³¾ + gatam + matam, meaning that which came from the face of ?iva, was received by Girij¨¡ and which serves as the code for ?ivabhaktas (cf. Introduction to K¨¡ra?¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹).
: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita¡ªText on Visha Chikitsa (nirukta)?gama (???) is so called because it assists to get to know from the root ¡®gamir-gatau¡¯ (to go) or ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (to come). Roots or »å³ó¨¡³Ù³Ü²õ which have ¡®gatyartha¡¯ also mean ¡®Âá?¨¡²Ô²¹¡¯¡ªto know. It may also mean that which moves (notionally) towards an object to be attained or accomplished. The preposition ¡®¨¡¡¯ could also mean knowledge that is handed down from guru to ?i?ya¡ªi.e., traditional knowledge. V¨¡caspati Mi?ra explains the term ?gama as ¡®¨¡saman³Ù¨¡t gamat¨©ti ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹?¡¯. Often, the words ?gama and Nigama are used together (Cf. ?¨¡??ilya Sa?hi³Ù¨¡, 4.16.53).
Nirukta (???????) or ¡°etymology¡± refers to the linguistic analysis of the Sanskrit language. This branch studies the interpretation of common and ancient words and explains them in their proper context. Nirukta is one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas.
Nyaya (school of philosophy)
: academia.edu: Religious Inclusivism in the Writings of an Early Modern Sanskrit Intellectual (nyaya)?gama (???) refers to ¡°scriptures¡±, according to Jayanta Bha??a (ninth¨Ctenth century), the great Naiy¨¡yika from Kashmir, who was a close reader of Kum¨¡rila¡¯s work.¡ªIn his Ny¨¡yama?jar¨©, Jayanta distinguishes between two types of scriptures (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹): those that fully contradict the Veda (vedavirodha), and those that teach rites in accordance with the Veda. He includes the teachings of the Buddha in the first category and those of the ?aivas, P¨¡?car¨¡trikas, and others, in the second; only those of the second category are ascribed authority. Thus Jayanta extends the application of the ±¹±ð»å²¹³¾¨±±ô²¹³Ù±¹²¹ principle to traditions or scriptures that do not explicitly contradict the Veda.
Nyaya (?????, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.
Shaiva philosophy
: Brill: ?aivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)?gama (???) refers to the ¡°?aiva non-dualistic scriptures¡±, according to the ??varapratyabhij?¨¡viv?tivimar?in¨©.¡ªAccordingly, ¡°The highest level [of reality], although it is concealed to the highest point within the [?aiva nondualistic] scriptures (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹), is absolutely never unmanifest; rather, it is always [in the process of] manifesting [itself]¡ªthis is the gist [of Utpaladeva¡¯s answer]. And [Utpaladeva] has explained this in the verse on [the Self being] always already established¡±.
-
Yoga (school of philosophy)
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch1) ?gama (???) refers to ¡°studying the Tantras¡±, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.¡ªAccordingly, as ??vara says to V¨¡madeva: ¡°[...] Putting on ochre garments, carrying a skull, plucking out clumps of hair, maintaining non-vedic religious observances, ashes, ascetic clothing and matted locks, behaving as if mad, [the ascetic practice of] nakedness, [studying] the Vedas, Tantras (nigama-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹) and so on and the meeting [of learned people] for [reciting] poetry in the assembly: All [this] is exertion for the sake of filling one's stomach and is not the cause of the highest good. [...]¡±.
2) ?gama (???) refers to the ¡°coming (of the Ages)¡±, according to the Mok?op¨¡ya.¡ªAccordingly: ¡°[He is] known as Bhu?u??a [because] his long life is known throughout the world. He is strong-minded because he has seen the coming (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹) and going of the Ages [of the world], and he is exhausted counting the successions of cycles in each cosmic period¡±.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as ¨¡sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Pancaratra (worship of N¨¡r¨¡ya?a)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts?gama (???) is a synonym for the P¨¡?car¨¡tra-?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹, as discussed in chapter 1 of the ±Ê³Ü°ù³Ü?´Ç³Ù³Ù²¹³¾²¹²õ²¹?³ó¾±³Ù¨¡: a P¨¡?car¨¡tra text consisting of more than 1800 verses devoted to temple-building and the practical concerns of the P¨¡?car¨¡tra priestly community.¡ªDescription of the chapter [?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù¨¡±¹²¹³Ù¨¡°ù²¹-±¹¾±»å³ó¾±]: [...] In [the P¨¡?car¨¡tra-?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹] are instructions for building temples and worshipping daily in them-by following out which leads to eternal beatitude (7b-8). Synonyms for P¨¡?car¨¡tra are M¨±laveda, S¨¡ttvata, Tantra, Bhagavat?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹, Ek¨¡yana, ?gama and reasons why these are adequate terms for the divine teaching are given (9-172).
Pancaratra (??????????, p¨¡?car¨¡tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
General definition (in Hinduism)
: Hindupedia: The Hindu EncyclopediaAgamas expound many aspects, including personal worship, temple construction and architecture, Iconography, worship in temple, V¨¡stu and so on. It is not an exaggeration to say that most of the popular aspects of Hinduism are found in Pur¨¡nic and Agamic literature. Primarily Agamas are of three schools ¨C Vai??ava, ?aiva and ?¨¡°ì³Ù¨¡. They are followed by Vai??avites, ?aivaites and ?¨¡°ì³Ù¨¡s respectively.
Agama has three parts, Mantra, Tantra and Yantra.
: Institute of Sri Ramchandra Consciousness: A Handbook of Hindu Religion: Literature?gama (???):¡ªThe ?gamas contain rules for the construction of temples and shaping of arcas and the consecration and worship of the latter. The ?gamas are treatises by sages on the practical side of religion. They contain rules for the construction of the temples, making of arca, consecration of the temples and idols, worship of the arca and expiatory ceremonies for acts of commission and omission. Incidentally they treat of town planning to show the place of temple in a planned town and the qualifications of the worshipper. These ?gamas are two-fold, the Vai??ava and the ?aiva according as they treat of the temples, arca and worship of the different forms of Vi??u or ?iva.
Each ?gama has four sections in it called
- °ä²¹°ù²â¨¡,
- °°ù¾±²â¨¡,
-
Yoga
- and ´³?¨¡²Ô²¹.
The first treats of the daily duties; the second of the worship of God; the third of the practices tending to the control of the senses and for the meditation of God. The last treats of the nature of God, the constitution of the body and mukti.
: DSpace at Pondicherry: Siddha Cult in Tamilnadu (hinduism)?gama (???).¡ªAccording to the V¨¡r¨¡h¨©tantra, ?gama deals with seven topics, viz., cosmology, destruction, worship of god, ²õ¨¡»å³ó²¹²Ô¨¡, pura?car?a, six forms of rites and four forms of meditation. The number of ?gamas of the Pa?car¨¡tra School is generally stated to be 108, but on comparison with different lists their number appears to be more than Two hundred. The V¨¡r¨¡h¨©tantra gives a list of twelve special ?gamas which are Muktaka, Prapa?ca, ?¨¡rad¨¡, N¨¡rada, Mah¨¡rnava, Kapila, Y¨ga, Kalpa, Kapi?jala, Amrta?uddhi, V¨©ra and Siddhasamvara?a.
The ?gamas are of three main classes¡¯ viz., ?aiv¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹, ?ak³Ù¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ and Vai??av¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ or Pa?car¨¡tra. Each and every sect also have their own ?gamas.
The ?gamas are usually in verse, and vary in length. In theory they consist of four parts (±è¨¡»å²¹²õ):
- on knowledge or doctrine (±¹¾±»å²â¨¡±è¨¡»å²¹),
- on ritual (°ì°ù¾±²â¨¡p¨¡da),
- on conduct (³¦²¹°ù²â¨¡±è¨¡»å²¹),
- and on yoga (²â¨²µ²¹±è¨¡»å²¹);
?gamas do not focus on philosophy or doctrine; but on how devotees should conduct their lives and practice religion. The doctrine in all ?gamas is not homogeneous; some are dualist, others non-dualist. Their cosmogony (notably the lists of tattvas) also differs, as do their views on initiation.
: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of ?iva (h)?gama (???) is generally defined as ¡°well constructed and traditionally communicated wisdom¡±, i.e ¨¡ + gam. ?gamas are broadly classified into three groups viz. ?aiva, Vai??ava and ?¨¡kta. Based on this sectarian classifications definitions are different from each other. These ?gamas are also often employed as synonyms with the words called Tantra, Mah¨¡tantra and Sa?hi³Ù¨¡.
The ?aiv¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ represent the wisdom that has come down from lord ?iva, received by P¨¡rvat¨© and accepted by Vi??u so, it is termed as ?gama. Or, it represents the wisdom proceeded from the mouth of ?iva, received by P¨¡rvat¨©, which is capable of removing three impurities are called as ?gamas. The ?¨¡°ì³Ù¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ holds the idea that of holy wisdom imparted by Dev¨© to ??vara. This is in consonance with ?aiv¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ. The Vai??av¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ preache us the right behaviour, knowledge about the divine states and manner of obtaining them, and about the glory of God and reality (definitions found in this school treat ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ as a ?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹).
: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita¡ªText on Visha Chikitsa (h)?gama (???) refers to ¡°those texts which clearly give mankind the guidelines and means to lead a fruitful, progressive and meaningful life¡±, according to V¨¡caspati Mi?ra.¡ªThe ?gamas are thus, a veritable mine which were revealed by the Almighty and they give us deep insights into the Agamic principles. While the Vedas are considered as the breath of the Almighty (²Ô¾±?±¹¨¡²õ²¹-°ù¨±±è²¹), the ?gamas are His words (±¹¨¡²µ-°ù¨±±è²¹).
?gamas are basically of three kind¡ª
- ?aiva-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹,
- ?¨¡kta-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ and
- Vai??ava-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹.
All ?gamas are generally divided into four sections:
- ´³?¨¡²Ô²¹¨Cthe knowledge leading to Ultimate reality;
- Yoga¨Cdifferent modes of worship of the Supreme;
- °ä²¹°ù²â¨¡¨Ctemple building, sculpture, iconography and so on; and
- °°ù¾±²â¨¡¨Cnitya-naimittika (daily and occasional) rituals in temples, the various utsavas, p¨±j¨¡ vidhi, d¨©k?¨¡ and so on.
The ?gamas are the very essence of all the ?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹s that assists an aspirant in understanding all that is taught by them, both theory and practice. The ?gamas that enriched the Vedic rituals in a simple and elegant style, have added Yoga and Bhakti to worship, supplemented the existing mantras with ?lokas and tailored worship into an easily comprehensible way so as to cater to the needs and capacity of the present generation which is steeped in the materialistic world and its attendant chores and chaos. Thus, the Vedic yaj?as have been replaced by apparently simple rituals of temple worship, based on the ?gamas. ?gama is also known variously as Tantra and Sa?hi³Ù¨¡.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra?gama (???) refers to ¡°coming¡± (Cf. Nirgama¡ª¡®going¡¯), according to Mah¨¡praj?¨¡p¨¡rami³Ù¨¡?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹ (chapter 41).¡ªAccordingly, ¡°[The eighteen ¨¡±¹±ð?¾±°ì²¹-»å³ó²¹°ù³¾²¹²õ (¡®special attributes¡¯)]¡ª[...] (5). The Buddha has no non-concentrated mind.¡ª[...] All the characteristics of things (dharmalak?a?a), unity (±ð°ì¨¡°ù³Ù³ó²¹), multiplicity (²Ô¨¡²Ô¨¡°ù³Ù³ó²¹), production (³Ü³Ù±è¨¡»å²¹), cessation (nirodha), interruption (uccheda), permanence (?¨¡?±¹²¹³Ù²¹), coming (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹) and going (nirgama) are deceptions, the formation of a collection of falsehoods. Since the Buddha is well established in the true nature of dharmas, his mind is never non-concentrated and, being never non-concentrated, it does not change. [...]¡±.
Mahayana (??????, mah¨¡y¨¡na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ²õ¨±³Ù°ù²¹²õ of which some of the earliest are the various Praj?¨¡p¨¡rami³Ù¨¡ ²õ¨±³Ù°ù²¹²õ.
General definition (in Buddhism)
: WikiPedia: Buddhism?gama () in Buddhism is used to refer to a collection of discourses (Sanskrit: sutra; Pali: sutta) of the early Buddhist schools, which were preserved primarily in Chinese translation, with substantial material also surviving in Sanskrit and lesser but still significant amounts surviving in G¨¡ndh¨¡r¨© and in Tibetan translation.
There are four extant collections of ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ, and one for which we have only references and fragments (the k?udrak¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹). The four extant collections are preserved in their entirety only in Chinese translation (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹: °¢º¬½›), although small portions of all four have recently been discovered in Sanskrit, and portions of four of the five ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ are preserved in Tibetan.
The four (plus one) ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹²õ are:
- The d¨©rgha-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (¡°long discourses¡±, Ch¨¢ng Ah¨¢nj¨©ng éL°¢º¬½› Taish¨) corresponds to the D¨©gha-nik¨¡ya of the Theravada school.
- The madhyama-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (¡°middle-length discourses¡±, Zh¨ng Ah¨¢nj¨©ng Öа¢º¬½›, Taish¨ 26) corresponds to the ²Ñ²¹ÂáÂá³ó¾±³¾²¹-²Ô¾±°ì¨¡²â²¹ of the Theravada school.
- The sa?yukta-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (¡°connected discourses¡±, Z¨¢ Ah¨¢nj¨©ng ës°¢º¬½› Taish¨ 2.99) corresponds to the ³§²¹?²â³Ü³Ù³Ù²¹-²Ô¾±°ì¨¡²â²¹ of the Theravada school.
- The ekottara-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (¡°numbered discourses¡±, Z¨¥ngy¨© Ah¨¢nj¨©ng, ÔöÒ¼°¢º¬½› Taish¨ 125) corresponds to the ´¡²Ô²µ³Ü³Ù³Ù²¹°ù²¹-²Ô¾±°ì¨¡²â²¹ of the Theravada school.
- The k?udraka-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ or the k?udraka-pi?aka (¡°minor collection¡±) corresponds to the °³ó³Ü»å»å²¹°ì²¹-²Ô¾±°ì¨¡²â²¹, and existed in some schools (e.g., Dharmaguptaka).
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra Suri?gama (???) refers to the ¡°Jaina canon¡±, as mentioned in the ´¡²Ô±ð°ì¨¡²Ô³Ù²¹Âá²¹²â²¹±è²¹³Ù¨¡°ì¨¡-±è°ù²¹°ì²¹°ù²¹?²¹, a ?ve³Ù¨¡mbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra S¨±ri.¡ª[Cf. Vol. II, P. 219, l. 23]
-
General definition (in Jainism)
: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra?gama (???) refers to the ¡°canon of scriptures¡±, according to chapter 2.2 [²¹Âá¾±³Ù²¹²Ô¨¡³Ù³ó²¹-³¦²¹°ù¾±³Ù°ù²¹] of Hemacandra¡¯s 11th century Tri?a??i?al¨¡k¨¡puru?acaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly: ¡°[...] ?j?¨¡ is the teaching of the Arhats, and it is established as two-fold; of these the first is ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ and the second ³ó±ð³Ù³Ü±¹¨¡»å²¹. ?gama is that which gives knowledge from the words only of the categories. Hetuv¨¡da is named from conformity with another authority. There is equal authority of these two from agreement because of the characterization of ¡®authority¡¯ as ¡®originating from a source free from any fault¡¯. [...]¡±.
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsAgama (???) refers to the ¡°rising (of the sun)¡±, according to the 11th century J?¨¡n¨¡r?ava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by ?ubhacandra.¡ªAccordingly, ¡°Sentient beings, inflamed by very intense pleasure [and] unsteady from affliction by wrong faith, wander about in a five-fold life that is difficult to be traversed. It has been stated at length that the cycle of rebirth which is full of suffering is five-fold on account of combining substance , place, right time [com.¡ªtime (°ì¨¡±ô²¹?) is characterised by the progressive half of the cycle of time, etc. (³Ü³Ù²õ²¹°ù±è¾±?²â¨¡»å¾±±ô²¹°ì?²¹?²¹?) or indicated by the setting and rising of the sun, etc. (²õ¨±°ù²â²¹²µ²¹³¾¨¡²µ²¹³¾¨¡»å¾±±¹²â²¹?²µ²â²¹?)], life and intention¡±.
: SOAS Research Online: Prek?¨¡ meditation: History and MethodsAgama (???) or ¡° inaccessible¡± refers to one of the 46 qualities of the soul to be meditated on in the ¡°Practice of Meditation on Liberated Souls (Siddhas)¡±, according to Jain texts like ?c¨¡r¨¡?ga (5.6.123-140), ?a?kha??¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (13.5.4.31) and Samayas¨¡ra (1.49).¡ªThe pure soul can be recognised by meditation on its true nature, represented by the liberated souls of the Siddhas. The practice which leads to this realisation is meditation on the fact that attachment, aversion, passions and the influx of karmas, are ¡®not mine¡¯, that I am separate from them and consist of infinite knowledge, perception, conduct, spiritual energy, that I am the pure, enlightened, and everlasting soul. The qualities of the soul to be meditated on as truly mine are: [e.g., My soul is inaccessible (agama)] [...] The meditation on such extended fourty-five qualities of the pure soul presents the ni?acaya-naya, which is aligned with Kundakunda¡¯s approach.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ¡®self-reliance¡¯) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary?gama.¡ª(SII 1), a doctrine; cf. L¨¡kul-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (EI 32), the doctrine of Lakula (Lakul¨©?a). Cf. ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹-samaya. Cf. s-¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹-nirgama-prave?a (IE 8-5), ¡®together with approaches, ingress and egress¡¯. Note: ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ is defined in the ¡°Indian epigraphical glossary¡± as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ : (m.) 1. coming; approach; 2. religion; scripture; 3. an inserted consonant.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary?gama, (fr. ¨¡ + gam) ¡ª 1. coming, approach, result, D.I, 53 (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹na? pavattat¨© ti DA.I, 160; cp. Sdhp.249 dukkh¡ã). ¡ª 2. that which one goes by, resource, reference, source of reference, text, Scripture, Canon; thus a designation of(?) the P¨¡timokkha, Vin.II, 95 = 249, or of the Four Nik¨¡yas, DA.I, 1, 2 (d¨©gh¡ã). A def. at Vism.442 runs ¡°antamaso opamma-vagga-mattassa pi buddhavacanassa pariy¨¡pu?a?a?¡±. See also ¨¡²µ²¹³Ùa 2, for phrase ¨¡²µ²¹³Ù¡¯¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹, handed down in the Canon, Vin Loc. cit. Sv¨¡gamo, versed in the doctrine, Pv IV.133 (sv¡ã = su??hu ¨¡²µ²¹³Ù¡¯¨¡gamo, PvA.230); Miln.215. BSk. in same use and meaning, e. g. Divy 17, 333, ¨¡gam¨¡ni = the Four Nik¨¡yas. ¡ª 3. rule, practice, discipline, obedience, Sn.834 (¨¡gam¨¡ parivitakka?), cp. Davs.V, 22 (takk¡ã, discipline of right thought) Sdhp.224 (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹to, in obedience to). ?-? 4. meaning, understanding, KhA 107 (va??¡ã). ¡ª 5. repayment (of a debt) J. VI, 245. ¡ª 6. as gram. tt. ¡°augment¡±, a consonant or syllable added or inserted SnA 23 (sa-k¨¡r¡¯¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹). (Page 95)
: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary1) agam¨¡ (????) [(kri) (???)]¡ª
gacchati-.
??????-??????
2) ag¨¡ma (????) [(pu) (??)]¡ª
°Ú²Ô²¹+²µ¨¡³¾²¹±Õ
[?+???]
3) ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (????) [(pu) (??)]¡ª
°Ú¨¡+²µ²¹³¾³Ü+²¹±Õ
[??+???+?]
Pali is the language of the Tipi?aka, which is the sacred canon of Therav¨¡da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha¡¯s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (???).¡ªm (S) A general name for a Shastra or work on science and of divine origin. 2 A class of Shastras, containing spells and incantations. 3 Rise, origin, the reaching or falling unto (as of an estate) considered as constituting the claim or title to it. () 4 Beginning, commencement, outset. Pr. p¨¡taka ¨¡gam¨©? g¨?a nirgam¨©? ka?¨±. Also ¨¡gam¨¥ sukham¨¡pr¨ti nirgam¨¥ pr¨¡?asa?ka?a?. 5 Approach, arrival, coming to. 6 A title-deed; any voucher, record, or document, constituting a legal title. 7 A grammatical augment.
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¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (???).¡ª. Add:--8 Rise, spring, origin, coming into being.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹ (???).¡ªm Rise. Approach. Beginning. A title-deed. A class of Shastras.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryAgama (???).¡ªa = ?? (aga) q. v. ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? (babh¨±vuragam¨¡? sarve m¨¡rutena vinirdhu³Ù¨¡?) ¸é¨¡³¾.5.14.17.
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?gama (???).¡ª1 Coming, arrival, approach, appearance; ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? (la³Ù¨¡y¨¡? p¨±rval¨±n¨¡y¨¡? pras¨±nasy¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? kuta?) Uttarar¨¡macarita 5.2; ?i?up¨¡lavadha 1.3; ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? (avyak³Ù¨¡d vyaktaya? sarv¨¡? prabhavantyahar¨¡game | r¨¡try¨¡game pral¨©yante) Bhagavadg¨©³Ù¨¡ (Bombay) 8. 18; R.14.8, Pa?catantra (Bombay) 3.48; Manusm?ti 8.41; so ?????¡ã, ???????¡ã (vyasana¡ã, andhak¨¡ra¡ã) &c.
2) Acquisition; ???? ???? ???????? ???? (e?o' sy¨¡ mudr¨¡y¨¡ ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹?) Mu.1; ?.6. this is how I came by this ring; Da?akum¨¡racarita 139; ??????????? (ved¨¡n¨¡m¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹?) K.18; ????????????????? (vidy¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹nimittam) V.5.
3) Birth, origin, source; ?????????????????????????????????? ???? (¨¡gam¨¡p¨¡yino'nity¨¡s³Ù¨¡?stitik?asva bh¨¡rata) Bhagavadg¨©³Ù¨¡ (Bombay) 2.14 coming and going, of short birth or duration, transient; ???? ???????????????? (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? k¨¡vy¨¡m?taras¨¡n¨¡m) K.5.
4) Addition, accumulation, acquisition (of wealth); ????¡ã, ??¡ã (artha¡ã, dhana¡ã) &c.
5) Flow, course, current (of water); Manusm?ti 8.252,9.281; ????¡ã, ???¡ã (rakta¡ã, phe?a¡ã).
6) A voucher or written testimony; see ????? (an¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹). ?????? ??????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? (sa?bhogo d??yate yatra na d??ye³Ù¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? kvacit) Manusm?ti 8.2.
7) Knowledge; ???????????????? (?¾±?²â²¹±è°ù²¹»å±ð²â¨¡²µ²¹³¾¨¡?) Bhart?hari 2.15; ???????? ???????? ? ???? ?????????? (praj?ay¨¡ sad??¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? | ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? sad??¨¡rambha?) R.1.15; ???????? ???????????? (yasy¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? kevalaj¨©vik¨¡yai) M.1.17; Y.2.212,92.
8) Supply of money, income, revenue.
9) Lawful acqusition of anything; ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? (¨¡gamepi bala? naiva bhukti? stok¨¡pi yatra no) Y.2.27,28.
1) Increase of property.
11) A traditional doctrine or precept, a sacred writing or scripture, ?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹; ???????? ? ????? ????? (anum¨¡nena na c¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? k?ata?) °¾±°ù¨¡³Ù¨¡°ùÂá³Ü²Ô¨©²â²¹ 2.28,5.18; ???????? ???? (pari?uddha ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹?) 2.33; K.55,337.
12) The study of ?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹s, sacred knowledge or learning.
13) Science, a system of philosophy; ?????????????? ????????????????? (s¨¡?khy¨¡gameneva pradh¨¡napuru?opetena) K.51; ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????? (bahudh¨¡py¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹irbhinn¨¡? panth¨¡na? siddhihetava?) R.1.26
14) the Vedas, the sacred scripture; ???????????? ?????? ???????????????? (¨¡tmanyuparate samya? munirvyupara³Ù¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹) Bh¨¡gavata 1.2.4. ???????????????????- ?????????????????? (ny¨¡yanir?¨©tas¨¡ratv¨¡- nnirapek?amiv¨¡r¨¡me) °¾±°ù¨¡³Ù¨¡°ùÂá³Ü²Ô¨©²â²¹ 11.39.; ???? ?????? (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? khalpapi) Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata on P.I.1.1.
15) The last of the four kinds of proof, recognized by the Naiy¨¡yikas (also called ?abda or ¨¡pta- v¨¡kya, the Vedas being so regarded).
16) An affix or suffix.
17) The addition or insertion of a letter; ?????- ?????????????? (bhaved- var?¨¡gam¨¡ddha?sa?) Sk.
18) An augment; ?????? (i?¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹?).
19) Theory (opp. prayoga); ????????????????????????? (catu??a??ikal¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹prayogacatura?) Da?akum¨¡racarita 12.
2) (-ma?, -mam) A work inculcating the mystical worship of ??? (?iva) and ????? (?akti), a Tantra; ???? ??????????????? ??? ? ????????? ? ??? ? ?????????? ???????????????? (¨¡²µ²¹³Ùa? pa?cavaktr¨¡ttu gata? ca girij¨¡nane | mata? ca v¨¡sudevasya tasm¨¡d¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹mucyate) || ?abdak.
12) The mouth of a river.
22) What comes later or afterwards. ?????????????? ?????? (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹vadantyalopa? sy¨¡t) MS.1.5.1. (¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹vat as explained by ?abara is yath¨¡ sam¨¡je?u sam¨¡se?u ca? ye ¨¡gantavo bhavanti te p¨±rvopavi??¨¡nanupam?dyaiva nivi?ante evamih¨¡pi dra??avyam |
23) A way of worship; labdh¨¡nugraha ¨¡c¨¡ry¨¡ttena sandar?i³Ù¨¡- gama? | mah¨¡puru?amabhyarcenm¨±rty¨¡bhimatam¨¡tmana? || Bh¨¡gavata 11.3.48.
24) A road or way journey; ¨¡gam¨¡ste ?iv¨¡? santu ¸é¨¡³¾.2.25.21.
Derivable forms: ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹? (????).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary?gama (???).¡ª(1) m. (= Sanskrit, as general term), traditional or canonical text; especially applied to the four collections called in Pali nik¨¡ya, see Ekottarika, D¨©rgh¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹, Madhya- m¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹, Sa?yuk³Ù¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹; (2) in ¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹-vastu ²Ñ²¹³ó¨¡±¹²¹²õ³Ù³Ü i.318.7, meaning obscure; see vastu.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryAgama (???).¡ªm.
(-ma?) 1. A tree. 2. A mountain. E. a priv. and gama who goes.
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Agama (???).¡ªm.
(-ma?) A Brahman, one who does not salute a Brahman making obeisance to the gods only, and returning salutations, with his blessing. E. a neg. and gama who salutes.
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?gama (???).¡ªm.
(-ma?) 1. Arrival, coming, approach. 2. A Sastra or work on sacred science in general, supposed to be of divine origin. 3. A Tantra or any work inculcating the mystical worship of Siva and Sakti. 4. A grammatical augment, a syllable or letter inserted in any part of the radical word. 5. Record, title deed, legal title, a voucher or written testimony, &c. E. ¨¡? before gam to go, to come, ac aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary?gama (???).¡ª[¨¡-²µ²¹³¾ + a], m. 1. Arrival, [¸é¨¡³¾¨¡²â²¹?²¹] 2, 25, 19. 2. Occurrence, [Y¨¡j?avalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 92. 3. Stream, [M¨¡navadharma?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹] 8, 252. 4. Afflux of wealth, [Bhart?hari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 39. 5. Report, [Y¨¡j?avalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 212. 6. Knowledge, [¸é¨¡³¾¨¡²â²¹?²¹] 6, 4, 30. 7. Art, [M¨¡lavik¨¡gnimitra, (ed. Tullberg.)] 15, [distich] 16. 8. Sacred science, [°¾±°ù¨¡³Ù¨¡°ùÂá³Ü²Ô¨©²â²¹] 5, 22. 9. A work on sacred science, [°¾±°ù¨¡³Ù¨¡°ùÂá³Ü²Ô¨©²â²¹] 5, 18. 10. A precept, Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata 3, 1163. 11. A legal title, [M¨¡navadharma?¨¡²õ³Ù°ù²¹] 8, 202.
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Agama (???).¡ª1. adj. inaccessible, Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata 3, 8247. 2. m. a tree. Durgama, i. e.
Agama is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms a and gama (??).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryAgama (???).¡ª[adjective] immovable, inaccessible; [masculine] tree.
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?gama (???).¡ª[adjective] coming to, approaching, being added. [masculine] approach, arrival, going to (¡ª¡ã); course (of a river), appearance, origin; income, revenue, possession, title; knowl edge, science, doctrine; augment ([grammar]).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum?gama (???) as mentioned in Aufrecht¡¯s Catalogus Catalogorum:¡ªThe K¨¡ra?¨¡²µ²¹³¾²¹. Hz. 2 p. 80 enumerates 28: K¨¡mika, Yogaja, Cintya, K¨¡ra?a, Ajita, D¨©pta, S¨±k?ma, Sahasra, A??umat, Suprabheda, Vijaya, Ni?v¨¡sa, Sv¨¡yambhuva, ?nala, V¨©ra, Raurava, Maku?a, Vimala, CandraÂá?¨¡²Ô²¹, Bimba, Prodg¨©ta, Lalita, Siddha, Sa?³Ù¨¡na, ?aiva, P¨¡rame?vara, Kira?a, V¨¡tula.
?gama has the following synonyms: Tantra.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Agama (???):¡ª[=a-gama] mfn. not going, unable to go
2) [v.s. ...] impassable, [Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata]
3) [v.s. ...] m. a mountain, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi?ha, hal¨¡yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] a tree (cf. a-ga).
5) ?gama (???):¡ª[=¨¡-²µ²¹³¾²¹] [from ¨¡-²µ²¹³¾] mf(¨¡)n. coming near, approaching, [Atharva-veda vi, 81, 2; xix, 35, 3]
6) [v.s. ...] m. (ifc. f(¨¡). ) arrival, coming, approach, [¸é¨¡³¾¨¡²â²¹?²¹] etc.
7) [v.s. ...] m. origin, [Manu-sm?ti viii, 401; ¸é¨¡³¾¨¡²â²¹?²¹] etc.
8) [v.s. ...] appearance or reappearance, [Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata ii, 547]
9) [v.s. ...] course (of a fluid), issue (e.g. of blood), [Manu-sm?ti viii, 252; Su?ruta]
10) [v.s. ...] income, lawful acquisition (of property, artha, dhana, vitta, dravi?a), [Manu-sm?ti; Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata] etc.
11) [v.s. ...] reading, studying, [Pata?jali]
12) [v.s. ...] acquisition of knowledge, science, [Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata; Y¨¡j?avalkya] etc.
13) [v.s. ...] a traditional doctrine or precept, collection of such doctrines, sacred work, Br¨¡hma?a, [Manu-sm?ti xii, 105; Mah¨¡bh¨¡rata] etc.
14) [v.s. ...] anything handed down and fixed by tradition (as the reading of a text or a record, title-deed, etc.)
15) [v.s. ...] addition, [Nirukta, by Y¨¡ska i, 4]
16) [v.s. ...] a grammatical augment, a meaningless syllable or letter inserted in any part of the radical word, [Pr¨¡ti?¨¡khya; P¨¡?ini] [commentator or commentary]
17) [v.s. ...] Name of a rhetorical figure
18) [v.s. ...] n. a Tantra or work inculcating the mystical worship of ?iva and ?akti.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldst¨¹cker Sanskrit-English DictionaryAgama (???):¡ª[tatpurusha compound] m.
(-ma?) 1) A mountain.
2) A tree. E. a neg. and gama. See also agaccha, aga and naga.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Agama (???):¡ª[a-gama] (ma?) 1. m. A tree; a mountain.
2) ?gama (???):¡ª[¨¡-²µ²¹³¾²¹] (ma?) 1. m. Coming; a sh¨¡stra on sacred science; grammatical augment, a record.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Agama (???) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Agama, ?gama.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled ????????? (sa?sk?tam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Agama (???) [Also spelled agam]:¡ª(a) inaccessible, unattainable; incomprehensible; hence ~[³Ù¨¡] (nf).
2) ?gama (???) [Also spelled aagam]:¡ª(nm) coming near, approaching; an augment (in grammar); birth, origin; scripture; traditional doctrine or precept; collection of such doctrines; anything handed down and fixed by tradition; induction; proceeds; -[?ruti] a tradition.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Agama (???) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Agama.
2) Agama (???) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Agama.
3) ?gama (???) also relates to the Sanskrit word: ?gam.
4) ?gama (???) also relates to the Sanskrit word: ?gama.
5) ?gama (???) also relates to the Sanskrit word: ?gama.
6) ?gama (???) also relates to the Sanskrit word: ?gam.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusAgama (???):¡ª[adjective] not moving; stationary.
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Agama (???):¡ª[noun] that which cannot move a) a tree; b) a mountain.
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?gama (???):¡ª
1) [noun] the act of coming; arriving; arrival.
2) [noun] a sectarian work which contain mythological, epical and philosophical materials, and is alternative or supplementary to traditional scriptures.
3) [noun] the science or technical details of worshipping or carving the idols.
4) [noun] (gram.) in composition of two words, an instance of inter-positioning of a fresh vowel or consonant.
5) [noun] knowledge.
6) [noun] a letter or certificate given to a person to show that he has a right to confidence or to the exercise of a certain position or authority; credentials.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Agama (???):¡ªadj. 1. unknowable; uncrossable; unattainable; inaccessible; secret; hidden; 2. immense; incomprehensible; vast; n. scripture; writings believed to be revealed; the peerless law; the ultimate absolute truth;
2) ?gama (???):¡ªn. 1. coming; arrival; appearance; approach; 2. acquisition; 3. birth; origin; source; deed; 4. the future; the hereafter; 5. income; 6. a sacred text (esp. a Veda);
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Gamu, A, Na, Guna.
Starts with (+13): Agama Sutra, Agamabhashe, Agamabhavane, Agamacandrika, Agamadike, Agamadipika, Agamahnika, Agamajanita, Agamajna, Agamajne, Agamakalpadruma, Agamakalpalata, Agamakalpalatika, Agamakalpavalli, Agamakaumudi, Agamakovida, Agamakrisara, Agamamantra, Agamana, Agamanata.
Full-text (+3346): Guna, Shaivagama, Samagama, Anagama, Phalagama, Dhanagama, Vaishnavagama, Abhyagama, Gamagama, Pushpagama, Arthagama, Jaladagama, Vaikhanasagama, Meghagama, Niragama, Duragama, Shivagama, Himagama, Ushmagama, Buddhagama.
Relevant text
Search found 257 books and stories containing Agama, A-gama, ?-gama, A-gamu-a, ?-gamu-a, ?gama, Agam¨¡, Ag¨¡ma, Na-gama, Na-g¨¡ma; (plurals include: Agamas, gamas, as, ?gamas, Agam¨¡s, Ag¨¡mas, g¨¡mas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Devi Tantra, Mantra, Yantra (study) (by Srider Basudevan Iyer)
Introduction to Agama < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Worship involving Idols < [Chapter 4 - Worship and The Worshipper]
Description of the Diksha or Initiation < [Chapter 4 - Worship and The Worshipper]
Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)
Verse 894: Letters A and U are the Agamic Mantra < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]
Verse 57: Agamas From The Fifth Face Of Siva < [Payiram (preface) (verses 1 to 112)]
Verse 61: Agamas Revealed < [Payiram (preface) (verses 1 to 112)]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Diaspora of Bhuta (Daiva) worshipping cult¡ªIndia and Indonesia (by Shilpa V. Sonawane)
Part 4 - Agama Hinduism followed by Hindus in Bali Indonesia < [Chapter 4 - Inter-Disciplinary Analysis]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 8.401 < [Section XLVIII - Laws relating to Civic Misdemeanours]
Verse 9.281 < [Section XXXVIII - Treatment of Criminals and their Punishment]
Verse 8.200 < [Section XXXIII - Fraudulent Sale]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
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