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Establishing the Philosophy of Non-dualism鈥擡ven though the main aim of the whole post scriptural works is to bestow the absolute dynamic principle, they not only enriched the literary resources of 艢补颈惫颈蝉尘, but also contributed very essential developments to the fields such as aesthetics, dramaturgy, rhetoric, grammar etc. Still the demeaning of 艢补办迟颈, done by these 鈥榟ighly philosophical treatises鈥�, remains unreasonable. 础诲惫补颈迟补惫别诲腻苍迟补 was the first and most victorious monistic school that gained a pan-Indian recognition which caused the demeaning of the prominence of 艢补办迟颈 and necessitated a new monistic school of thought.

Emergence of 厂补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 Philosophy of Non-Dualism鈥擨t is well known that Indian metaphysical thought has been renamed as 础诲惫补颈迟补惫别诲腻苍迟补 in the 8th century C.E, as a result of 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 overwhelming efforts for the 鈥榞radual restoration of Br膩hma峁噄c unity鈥�. Br膩hma峁噄sm achieved a handful of help from the cultic disciplines like 痴补颈峁ａ箛补惫颈蝉尘 and other devotional movements, and 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 new monistic 痴别诲腻苍迟补. 

Natalia Isaeva emphasises that,

It is 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 preaching and philosophical activity that in the eyes of accounts for the ousting of Buddhism from India in about the 8th C. AD, and the revival of Brahmanism. 鈥� 痴别诲腻苍迟补, a religious and philosophical school founded by 艢补峁卥补谤补 was shaped later than other 诲补谤艣补苍补蝉. It happened after India had passed through Buddhist temptation and was moving back to towards the womb of Brahmanical religion.^[1]

It was the social condition which made 艢补峁卥补谤补 desirous about a real makeover and the institutionalisation of Br膩hma峁噄cal social order.

According to Geoffrey Samuel, 

In Hindu contexts, Tantra was widely adopted by the ruling elites throughout the subcontinent, becoming an essential part of the machinery of statecraft and involving both defensive and aggressive ritual practices. The practice of Tantra was however criticized by ritual form of religion especially by the proponents of the developing Bhakti (devotional) cults. The figure who has become emblematic was the great philosopher 艢补峁卥补谤补. The reforms associated with 艢补峁卥补谤补 and his successors propagated a primary devotional form of religion for the masses, while rescarving a cleaned up version what were seen as dangerous Tantric practices for life.^[2]

Though there are divergent observations with regard to the cause of emergence of monistic philosophy, it may be viewed as the response towards the specific religious conditions generated by the powerful social and cultural order of the then Kashmir.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Natalia Isaeva, 艢补峁卥补谤补 and Indian Philosophy, Op.cit., p.2.

[2]:

Geoffrey Samuel, Religion and the Subtle Body in Asia and the West: Between Mind and Body, Routledge, London, 2014, p.37.