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The eight phonetic constituents of Aum are given in Ch膩ndogya 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲.

Though 鈥�Aum鈥� appears to have only three syllables, it contain five more phoenetic constituents. While pronouncing 笔谤补峁嘺惫补 (Aum), the continued sound of the three syllables produces a sound which is indistinct. That is called 鈥�狈腻诲补鈥�-the fourth constituent. The next four constituents: Bindu, 碍腻濒补, 艢腻苍迟补 and Ati-艢腻苍迟补 are not audible at all.

In the heart, the Lord through Mukhya 笔谤腻峁嘺 produces the unmanifest (indistinct) sound of 础耻尘办腻谤补. Hence it is called 狈腻诲补. The Lord acting as His own limbs (bidi 础惫补测补惫补办谤颈测腻测腻尘) remains in the fifth 鈥�Bindu鈥� alphabet. As the very embodiment of wisdom (碍腻濒补 Sa峁卥hy膩ne), he remains in the sixth alphabet named 碍腻濒补. As the bliss beyond measure, He remains named 艢腻苍迟补 in the seventh alphabet (also named 艢腻苍迟补) and in the eighth alphabet He remains named Ati-艢腻苍迟补.

These eight forms denoted by the eight alphabets (three distinctly audible and five inaudible alphabets) of 鈥�础耻尘办腻谤补鈥� are identified by 艢谤墨 惭补诲丑惫腻肠腻谤测补 in his Tantra 厂腻谤补 Sangraha as 痴颈艣惫补, Taijasa, 笔谤补箩帽补,罢耻谤墨测补, 膧迟尘补, Antar膩tma, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补 and 闯帽腻苍腻迟尘补. In his 驰补迟颈辫谤补峁嘺惫补办补濒辫补, 艢谤墨 惭补诲丑惫腻肠腻谤测补 delineates these eight forms for the purpose of meditation by the order of ascetics as 碍峁涐梗峁嘺, 搁腻尘补, 狈峁泂颈尘丑补, 痴补谤腻丑补, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, Para帽jyoti, Parabrahma and 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补. For the purpose of 鲍辫腻蝉补苍补, another set of eight forms of the Lord has been prescribed Viz:H峁沬峁�ike艣a, 艢谤墨dhara, 痴腻尘补苍补, Trivikrama, 惭补诲丑耻蝉奴诲补苍补, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, Govinda and 惭腻诲丑补惫补.

(艢补峁卥补谤补 has attributed seven alphabets for 鈥�础耻尘办腻谤补鈥�, while Madhva has expounded eight fold characteristics of 鈥�Aum鈥�)

Three events mark the life of a human being viz: birth, living and death. 鈥�础耻尘办腻谤补鈥� denotes these three events. A (啶�) is the abbreviation of 膧诲颈尘补迟惫补 (primary stage) 鈥�膧诲颈鈥� actually denotes birth. A (啶�) is an abbreviation of 膧辫迟颈 (acquisition) i.e. 闯墨惫补鈥�s acquiring a body. This acquisition of a body by the 闯墨惫补 cannot be due to his volition or endeavour, but is an endowment or creation by Caturmukha 叠谤补丑尘腻, in whom the supreme Lord abides in the same form. It is the supreme Lord named 叠谤补丑尘腻 who is denoted by A (啶�) in 础耻尘办腻谤补.

The letter 鈥�U鈥� (啶�) represents the state between birth and death in which man rises and passes through the states of childhood, boyhood, youth, middle age and old age. 鈥�U鈥� occupying the middle position in Aum denotes Ubhayatva (quality) and being its abbreiviation denotes the middle state between birth and death. As the living beings are not in a position to pass through different stages of their life or to avoid them, through the exercise of their own free will, it is the Supreme Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 who controls and regulates the living stage of the 闯墨惫补s 鈥�U鈥� denotes this.

鈥�M鈥� is an abbreiviation 鈥�惭腻苍补鈥� (measure or dimension) and denotes the measure known as Laya (union, fusion,dissolution) Rudra is the God, who regulates death. The form of 狈峁泂颈尘丑补 in Rudra is indicated by 鈥�M鈥� in 鈥�础耻尘办腻谤补鈥�.

As the 闯墨惫补 is incapable of being born, natured or meeting with dissolution of his own volition, the Lord in the three forms Brahma, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and Rudra regulates the three events in the career of the embodied souls which are denoted by the three alphabets in AUM. Aum further denotes the three means or instruments to be utilized in the course of 鲍辫腻蝉补苍补 of the Supreme Deity.

The body is the abode of enjoyment/experiencing delight. To obtain (apti) those enjoyments or experiencing pleasures, A (啶�) in Aum is the sign or mark of that body. The voice that utters the words is signified by 鈥�U鈥� (啶�). The means of reflection or meditation is mind and this is indicated by 鈥�M鈥� in Aum. This 础耻尘办腻谤补 emphasizes that one should mediate upon the Lord with the aid of the three instruments of body, voice (sound) and mind (碍腻测补, V膩k and Manas).To help in spiritual practices the phonetic constituents of AUM have been identified with several cosmic and earthly symbols, from the theistic to the philosophic and the mystic levels, for the purpose of meditation.

A few of them are listed below:痴颈艣惫补, Taijasa and 笔谤补箩帽补 forms of the Supreme Deity:

1. The Trinity: Brahma, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and Rudra;
2. Their functions are Creation, protection and dissolution;
3. Framework of Universe: Space, Time and Causation;
4. Time: Past, Present and Future;
5. States of Consciousness: Waking, Dream and Deep sleep;
6. 厂补尘蝉腻谤补: Birth, Life and Death;
7. Vedas: 峁歡, Yajur and S膩ma Vedas.

艢补产诲补 (sound) 痴补颈办丑补谤墨, 惭补诲丑测补尘腻 and 笔补艣测补苍迟墨 and many others. Thus 笔谤补峁嘺惫补 (Aum) is held to denote several of the primary 罢补迟迟惫腻蝉 (principles) and others, which are all under the control and regulation of the Supreme deity in the entire universe and in all times. The comprehensive denotation 鈥�础耻尘办腻谤补鈥� encompasses the whole range of events, States, objects etc, and there is nothing that is not covered by signification. Whatever is discussed or enumerated is only an aspect of that enumerated in a subtle form by 础耻尘办腻谤补. Therefore 础耻尘办腻谤补 is reckoned as the explanation of the entire range of rhetoric. (i.e the whole range of writing is fastnened together in Aum) [...] declares the 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲.^[1]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Ibid I.1,3,4.