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[Full title: A brief description of the contents of the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 literature of the four Veda: (1): 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s of the 峁欢惫别诲补]

i) The Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺鈥�

The Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 belongs to the 峁欢惫别诲补 occupies an important place in the history of Indian literature and religion as the Bible in the world of Christianity. Traditionally its authorship goes to one 惭补丑颈诲腻蝉补 Aitareya, believed to be the only son of a woman named 滨迟补谤腻. It consists of eight books or 辫补帽肠颈办腻蝉, again each 辫补帽肠颈办腻 consists of five chapters or 补诲丑测腻测补蝉 making a total of forty (40) chapters. Each chapter is again divided into many sub chapters called 办丑补峁囜笉补蝉. The total numbers of 办丑补峁囜笉补蝉 are 285. This 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is mostly written in prose style and occasionally scatter with poetic compositions.

The first sixteen chapters of this 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 deals with 厂辞尘补测腻驳补 or Soma sacrifice also called 础驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补 or 箩测辞蝉迟颈峁ａ弓辞尘补 which is the model (辫补办峁泃颈) of all Soma sacrifices. This ceremony generally consists of five days. The first four days of this ceremony consisting the election of priests (贬辞迟峁� 痴补谤补苍补峁�), the initiation of the sacrifice or 驰补箩补尘腻苍补 called 顿颈办峁�a苍颈测别峁ａ弓颈, the 笔谤腻测补苍颈测别峁ａ弓颈 (opening sacrifice), the purchase of Soma, the ceremony of doing hospitality to king Soma, the Pravargya, 鲍辫补峁�a诲, taking away of Agni and Soma, the taking away of the vehicle carrying sacrificial offerings, the animal sacrifice, the three pressings and the libations of Soma juice called Soma Savana and finally the concluding ceremony (udayaniya 颈峁ａ弓颈) i.e. the ablution known as 础惫补产丑峁泃丑补.

From the seventeenth chapter to the end of the eighteenth, the duties of the 峁欢惫别诲颈肠 priest is enumerated. The last two chapters of the fourth book deals with the duties of the 贬辞迟峁�, regarding the performance of 顿惫腻诲补蝉腻丑补, Ahina and others.

The last chapter of the fifth book i.e. twenty fifth chapter deals with various matters including expiatory rites to be performed by the superintending priest for mistakes committed by any one of the performing priests.

The entire sixth book deals with the duties of the minor priest at 厂补诲腻丑补 sacrifice. The seventh and eighth book deals mainly with the sacrifices concerning with the ruling class (碍峁�a迟谤颈测补) and the relationship in which the princes stand to the priestly class i.e. 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s. Therefore, these two books bear great importance from a historical point of view. And the remaining chapters deals with royal inauguration or consecration termed 鈥�础产丑颈峁�e办补鈥� which literally means sprinkling with holy waters collected from different sources on the head of the king. The coronation ceremony of ancient India is fully discussed in connection with 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 sacrifice. In Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 the great consecration ceremony (Aindra-惭补丑腻产丑颈峁�e办补) is the model for the inauguration of all earthly kings. In the thirteenth chapter the interesting story of 艢耻苍补岣�-艣别辫补 is discussed.

The last chapter of this 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 deals with the appointment of a qualified 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 by the king to the office of the domestic priest (Purahita). Various interesting short stories of kings gained paramount sovereignty through the great consecration ceremony are also narrated.

The concluding 碍丑补峁囜笉补 of this 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 deals with some magical performances called 办峁泃测补, through the practise of which a king can secretly do away with his enemies.

The Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 occupies a very important place in the history of Indian culture and civilization. Moreover, innumerable myths and legends narrated in connection with various rites, supply materials for the development of later literature.

ii) The kau峁�itaki 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺鈥�

The kau峁�itaki 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 also known as S膩nky膩ya峁嘺 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 belongs to the 峁欢惫别诲补. It consists of 30 chapters (础诲丑测腻测补蝉 or lessons). Each of thirty 础诲丑测腻测补蝉 of this 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is again divided in to 办丑补峁囜笉补蝉. The first six 础诲丑测腻测补蝉 deals with the fire-alter, daily sacrifices (Agnihotra), new and full moon sacrifices (顿补谤艣补辫补耻谤苍补尘腻蝉补), and the seasonal sacrifice (颁腻迟耻谤尘腻蝉测补) e.g. on the full moon day of 膧峁Ｄ佱笉补, 办腻谤迟颈办补 and 贵腻濒驳耻苍补 respectively in summer, rainy and winter seasons. The remaining 础诲丑测腻测补蝉 i.e. (VII-XXX) deals with Somas acrifice which fairly agrees with the Airareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺. The 碍补耻峁�i迟补办颈 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is later than Aitareya 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺. But it is difficult to say any exact date about it.

The subject matter of it is arranged in logical and systematic way. Its style is secret or hidden, compress and sometimes similar to the sutra style. The narratives are very short. Explanatory passages are avoided to a great extent (limit). Many references are there to the views of authorities like Paingya and 碍补耻峁�i迟补办颈. In case of debate or discussion, the view of 碍补耻峁�i迟补办墨 is supported. In some respects this 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 bears harmony with the 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补.