Markandeya Purana (Study)
by Chandamita Bhattacharya | 2021 | 67,501 words
This page relates ‘Description of God Surya� of the study on the Markandeya Purana, one of the oldest of the eigtheen Mahapuranas preserving the history, civilisation, culture and traditions of ancient India. The Markandeyapurana commences with the questions raised by Rishi Jaimini (a pupil of Vyasa), who approaches the sage Markandeya with doubts related to the Mahabharata. This study examines various social topics such as the status of women, modes of worship, yoga, etc.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
3. Description of God ūⲹ
The 첹ṇḍⲹܰṇa contains a general description of the deity, especially his weapons, his identifications with the gods and obstructions of his functions. ūⲹ is identified with a few Gods like , վṣṇ, Ś, Indra, Yama, Kubera, the lord of Water (Appati), the lord of wealth (վٳٱś), ղṇa, Agni and ʰ貹پ.[1] He is also equated with gross elements like the wind, the sky, the water and the earth. He is identified with the mountain, the ocean, the trees and the herbs[2] and also with the time composed of Ծṣa, ṣṭ and other measures of time.[3] He is also identified with luminaries like the Moon, the grahas and the Բṣaٰ.
About ūⲹs physical appearance it is stated that he is likened to the ṛṣ or bull[4] . ūⲹ uses cakra, śṃk, sārṅga and padma as weapons for which he is known as Cakrin, Śaṅkhin, Śṅg and Padmin[5] . He has a well proportioned car which is drawn by seven parrot-hued swift and ever unwearied horses. He mounts on that car and moves for the benefit of the world[6]
The Sun god is also described by the terms which are applicable to the higher (Para) and the lower (Apara) Brahman. For example, he is described as:
- unborn (Aja)[7],
- imperishable (ṣa),
- unchanging (Acyuta)[8],
- all-pervading (Vibhu)[9]
- unending (Ananta)[10],
- pure (վśܻ)[11],
- unthinkable (Acintya)[12],
- possessed of unthinkable power (Գٲⲹśپ)[13],
- the highest (Para)[14],
- the supreme (Parama)[15],
- the highest soul (ʲٳ)[16],
- eternal (Śśٲ)[17] etc.
At times like the Upaniṣadic Brahman, the Sun shares contradictory attributes like ūٲ and aūٲ, ٳū and ūṣm[18]. He is described as Brahman’s forms both para as well as apara[19]. He is called Parabrahma[20]. He is the Ultimate Reality for the sages and the ponderable by the metaphysicians[21]. He is also described as the sole domain of knowledge[22]. He is said to be the highest soul. , վṣṇ and Ś, which are mentioned as the manifestations in the act of creation, preservation and destruction respectively[23].
Further he has certain philosophic attribute for which he is also called as:
- ٳ,[24]
- ٳ,[25]
- Ѳٳ,[26]
- ū峾,[27] ҳṇāt,[28]
- Āⲹ,
- ٲⲹūپ,
- վśśⲹ[29],
- վśūپ,[30]
- Guhya[31]
- the cause of all things like, creator, destroyer and preserver of the universe (Sarvakāraṇabhūta[32], Sarvahetu[33] ) etc.
Thus the greatness of ūⲹ has been established nicely in the 첹ṇḍⲹܰṇa.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
yo brahmā yo mahādevo yo viṣṇurya� 貹پ� /
vāyurākāśmāpaśca pṛthivīgirisāgarā� // 첹ṇḍⲹܰṇa, 106.69
[2]:
Ibid.,106.70
[4]:
Ibid., 104.4
[5]:
Ibid.,75.4
[6]:
Ibid.,104.8-10
[7]:
tva� brahmā harirajasaṃjñitastvamindro ٳٱś� pitṛpatirappati� samīra� /
somo’agnirgraganapatirmahīdharo’bdvhi� ki� stavya� tava sakatātmarūpadhāmna�// Ibid.,101.36
[8]:
Ibid.,106.66
[9]:
Ibid.,106.21
[10]:
Ibid.,106.65
[11]:
Ibid.,75.3
[12]:
Ibid.,106.68
[13]:
Ibid.,100.6
[14]:
Ibid.,75.4
[15]:
Ibid.,99.22
[16]:
Ibid.,75.4
[17]:
Ibid.,99.21;101.18
[18]:
[19]:
Ibid.,75.12
[20]:
Ibid.,98.27
[21]:
Ibid.,75.5;100.10
[22]:
Ibid.,75.3
[23]:
Ibid., 99.21; 100.2; 101.34; etc.
[24]:
Ibid., 75.3
[25]:
Ibid., 101.29
[26]:
Ibid., 75.30
[27]:
Ibid., 104.4
[28]:
Ibid., 101.27
[29]:
[30]:
Ibid., 100.5
[31]:
Ibid., 106.6
[32]:
Ibid., 75.5
[33]:
Ibid., 100.7.