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Bhagavatpadabhyudaya by Lakshmana Suri (study)

by Lathika M. P. | 2018 | 67,386 words

This page relates ‘Jagat or Universe� of the study on the Bhagavatpadabhyudaya by Lakshmana Suri: a renowned Sanskrit Scholar from the 19th century. The Bhagavatpada-abhyudaya is a Mahakavya (epic poem) narrating the life of Shankara-Acharya, a prominent teacher of Advaita Vedanta philosophy. This essay investigates the socio-spiritual conditions of 8th century AD in ancient India as reflected in Lakshmanasuri’s work.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

It was a great task before Śṅk峦ⲹ to reconcile the Upaniṣadic statements about creations, taken in literal sense, with those denying the world of multiplicity. Throughout the 貹Ծṣa, the description of Brahman as really devoid of all assignable marks becomes intelligible of His creations is real. The teachings about the disappearance of all multiplicity in the realisation of Brahman can not also be understood. The dawn of the knowledge of Reality can dispel only the unreal appearings as real, not what in really real. This idea furnishes Śṅk’s mind with a clue to the mystery of the world. If the world is a mere appearance, like an object in dream or illusion then the present appearance of the world and its disappearance on the knowledge of Reality become intelligible. This reconciliation has been suggested by 貹Ծṣa also. Even in ṻ岹 (6.47.18) the one Indra (God) is said to appear in many forms through powers of creating illusion (). The Bṛhadaranyaka (2.5.19) also accepts this. The Śvetāśvetāra clearly states that the origin (pṛakrti) of the world lies in the magical power (ⲹ) of god.

ѲṇḍԲ Ѿś says that not being able to show or establish the distinctiveness of Brahman or ī by reasoning. He again resorts to sruti. He adds that there is an Upaniṣadic verse, ‘There are two birds of beautiful plumage�, unified in friendship through eternity, occupying the same tree. Of them, one eats the fruits of the tree, while the other merely looks on without eating�. Hear the two birds are the ī and Brahman, and the śṛuti stresses their difference. In this way śṛuti contradicts the idea of their unity you say, is asserted by other Vedic sentences.

Śṅk argues that there are many śṛutīs condemning the perception of diversity as: He who sees only diversity here, goes from death to death etc. In against these quoting a sentence pertaining to facts known even otherwise, through perception etc. It will not weaken the śṛuti passages that declare the unity of existence. They describe only the apparent nature, the wrong notions of things. They all are seen in ignorance like silver and nacre. A Vedic sentence must give you some knowledge unattainable through other means like perception, they must prompt you to some fruitful action. But others are Arthavādās, figures of speech and exaggerations. Whose meaning is not they purport to say. This passage you quoted is only an ٳ󲹱岹. There are many such passages in the Veda but they are dualistic import.

ѲṇḍԲ Ѿś says that ṛt texts are attributed to great saints and seers and are based on Vedic texts, considered valid. For example, take the passage �ṣeٰñ is myself; in the īٲ. Even so a truth given by perception, if it is supported by a Vedic text has to be given the same validity.

The difference between the Īś and ī is given in our intuitive and this is supported by the Vedic text quoted. Its validity cannot be questioned. Śṅk says that what the Veda supports is not all the ṛts, but the meaning of smriti passage which is identical with it. ‘Know the ṣeٰñ to be myself is identical in meaning with ‘Tat Tvam Asi�[1]. This unique meaning cannot be got through any other means of knowledge except the Vedic passge, so far as the īٲ passage reiterates this unique meaning, it is relevant in the vedic texts. This is not the case with regard to the sentence you have quoted about ‘The two birds, sitting on the self tree�. The knowledge of difference between Īś and the ī had even by the ignorant.[2] No Veda is required for it. Only that is Veda which reveals new knowledge unattainable. Its function is to reiterate knowledge obtained in other ways. Śṅk says that ѲṇḍԲ had mis-understood the meaning of the passage, ‘two birds of beautiful plumage� etc. The right interpretation is that the passage is not meant to show the difference between Īś and ī. But to distinguish Īś from the sattva or the Buddhi or intellect. It is the Buddhi that undergoes the enjoyements and sufferings born of Karma, and the passage seeks to distinguish that Buddhi from Īś and assert His freedom from ṃs.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

󲹱 վṇy, Śrīmad Śṅk Digvijaya, (text in Sanskrit with Tamil Translation and Notes), Ed., ʲṇḍ N.S Ananadakrishna Sastri, VII. 71

[2]:

Ibid.,

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