Suffering: 4 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
1. Natyashastra
In Buddhism
1. Tibetan Buddhism
India history
See also
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Introduction:

Suffering means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Christianity, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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In Hinduism

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)

Suffering (due to cold, old age, etc.) is associated with Vidhuta: one of the 鈥渟even movements of the head鈥� (in Sanskrit Dramas), as conveyed through 膧峁単颈办腻产丑颈苍补测补: one of the four divisions of Abhinaya or 鈥渨ays to convey or represent one鈥檚 emotion to others鈥�, according to the N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra and the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擳he 腻峁単颈办腻产丑颈苍补测补 includes the histrionic representation of the limbs which is simply known as physical gestures. In the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, seven types of movements of the head are recorded. The Vidhuta movement expresses suffering by cold or old age or because of the consumption of liquor.

context information

Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: Google Books: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems

Suffering refers to the central concept of the 鈥�Four Noble Truths鈥� (having Sixteen Aspects) which are known in Tibetan as 'phags pa'i bden bzhi.鈥擳he Four Noble Truths are are: (1) there is suffering, (2) there is an origin of suffering, (3) there is a cessation of suffering, and (4) there is a path to the cessation of suffering.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

India history and geography

: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri鈥檚 Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

1) Suffering (of the world) was investigated by those pursuing the spiritual life in the Hermitages (or Ashrams) of ancient India, as vividly depicted in the Kath膩s (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanas奴ri in his 8th-century Kuvalayam膩l膩 (a Prakrit Camp奴, similar to K膩vya poetry).鈥擯age 87.20-28: Here is a vivid description of the intellectual and spiritual life in the A艣rama of a Jaina Muni. Uddyotanas奴ri gives a list of twenty-one methods of study and discussions and approaches to the tenets of religion and philosophy, [e.g., speaking against the suffering of the world] [...]. Also see the description of the hermitage of Div膩kara Mitra described by B膩峁嘺 in the Har峁carita.

2) Suffering (from many kinds of diseases, etc) represents a scene of human life commonly depicted on the Sa峁僺膩racakra paintings in ancient India, according to the Kuvalayam膩l膩.鈥擯age 185.21 f.: Here follows a description of a printed scroll illustrating the Jaina conception of 蝉补峁僺腻谤补肠补办谤补. [...] The 蝉补峁僺腻谤补-肠补办谤补 illustrated the three worlds of hell, human world and the world of gods. [For example:] People suffering from many kinds of diseases like fever, pain and burning, and lying on their cots and meeting their deaths, to gather their mourning servants, wives and friends

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Relevant text

Search found 586 books and stories containing Suffering, Sufferings, The sufferings; (plurals include: Sufferings, Sufferingses, The sufferingses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Part 1 - The brief teaching of suffering < [A. The general explanation of the nature of suffering]

Part 3 - Meditation on Compassion < [G. How to meditate]

3f) The explanation of the suffering of the gods (devas) < [Part 3 - The main divisions]

+ 91 more chapters / show preview

Part 2 - Enduring outer and inner sufferings and the afflictions < [Chapter XXV - Patience Toward the Dharma]

The 艢alyatvena-s奴tra (Sallattena-sutta) < [Chapter XXXVII - The Ten Concepts]

II. Degrees of Loving-kindness and Compassion < [Chapter XLII - The Great Loving-kindness and the Great Compassion of the Buddhas]

+ 253 more chapters / show preview

Chapter 2 - Romavivara峁嚹�-var峁嘺na < [Part Two]

Chapter 8 - Vaineya-dharma-upade艣a < [Part One]

Part 7 - Baudha-dharma < [Appendix 2 - Buddhist Philosophy]

+ 19 more chapters / show preview