Atharvaveda and Charaka Samhita
by Laxmi Maji | 2021 | 143,541 words
This page relates �2a. Tuberculosis (Yakshma or Rajayakshma) in the Atharvaveda� found in the study on diseases and remedies found in the Atharvaveda and Charaka-samhita. These texts deal with Ayurveda—the ancient Indian Science of life—which lays down the principles for keeping a sound health involving the use of herbs, roots and leaves. The Atharvaveda refers to one of the four Vedas (ancient Sanskrit texts encompassing all kinds of knowledge and science) containing many details on Ayurveda, which is here taken up for study.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
2a. Tuberculosis (Yakṣmā or Ჹⲹṣm) in the Atharvaveda
Yakṣmā in the Atharvaveda does not essentially denote consumption but generally, it stands for any disease in general. This complies with the argument in the Vājasaneyi ṃh that Yakṣmās are numerous in counts. Yakṣmā takes place in the Atharvaveda more than twenty-five times and a few complete hymns are addressed to the same. Thus II.33 (ṚV.X.163), III.31; VI.85; and IX.8 are primarily dedicated to Yakṣmā. But the noun is more than a general sense of ‘disease�. Taking into consideration the hymns it is to be found that II.33 (ṚV.X.163) is called by the ś첹 ūٰ as “Ejector of śⲹ貹� aimed at ejecting ailment from every part of the body[1]. Thus, the plural of the term Yakṣmā means �roga�, included in the Takmanāśana ṇa and the “Sarvarogabhaiṣajjyaṃ� along with the simple practices prescribed by the ś첹 ūٰ for IX.8 prove that in the Atharvaveda[2]. Yakṣmā means any ailment in general. The word has also been used in the Śāntikalpa very broadly. The Atharvaveda Yakṣmā is known for Royal tuberculosis or ṣaⲹ. ṣṭṅg ṃg describes the disease as ṣaⲹ[3].The ṣṭṅg ṛdⲹ described the four causes of Royal tuberculosis as exertion (), suppression of the urges (of urine, faeces, flatus, etc.), loss of semen (Śܰ) and essence of the tissues (Ojas) and Sneha, and eating an unwholesome diet[4]. This is caused by ٲ, Pitta, and Kapha. The symptoms are sneering excess salivation, weakness, vomiting, etc.[5] It has been said in the Bhāvaprakāśa that the speed of excrement, loss of sperm, courage, and eating unwholesome diet, from these four combined causes, produce tuberculosis with three defects[6]. Tuberculosis is called Royal tuberculosis, ṣaⲹ, and Śṣa. Symptoms of tuberculosis are ṃs, meaning excessive heat on the shoulders and sides, more pain in the hands and feet, and maximum fever[7]. Āⲹ Suśruta called Ჹⲹṣm a disease of the sinus. Tuberculosis causes anorexia, fever, shortness of breath, cough, bleeding, and sore throat[8].According to śⲹ貹 ṃh, there are four reasons for Ჹⲹṣm[9].According to Mādhava Nidāna, it is caused by drying up the tissues, blockage of channels of Rasa, cough predominance, etc.[10] According to Śāraṅgadhara ṃh consumption is five types�ٲja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Sannipātaja, and Urukṣata[11].
Six ṇḍ of ūٲ fourteen describes charm against the disease of Balāsa. In the first hymn the internal disease that has set in crumbles the bones and crumbles the joints. Every Balāsa do thou drive out, that which is in the limbs, and the joints. In another hymn the Balāsa of him that is afflicted with Balāsa do I remove, as one gelds a lusty animal. Its connection do I cut off as the root of a pumpkin. In the next hymn, it is stated that fly forth from here, O Balāsa, as a swift foal (after the mare). And even, as the reed in every year, pass away without slaying men[12].
The second ṇḍ of eight ūٲ describes charm against Kṣetriya or hereditary disease. In a hymn, it is said that the majestic twin stars have emerged in the heaven above whose name is the Vicṛtau, and may they loosen the inherited disease. In another hymn, it has been prayed that the night shine and may the witches shine away from the plant, destructive of Kṣetriya, shine the Kṣetriya away. In the next hymn, it is said that with the straw of its brown barley endowed with white stalks with the flowers of the sesame may the Kṣetriya shine away. The other hymn expresses reverence to the ploughs and reverence to his wagon−poles and yokes. Again, a hymn prays for the reverence to those with sunken eyes and the evils, it expresses reverence to the lord of the field. It prays the plant for the destruction of the Kṣetriya away[13].
The second ṇḍ of ten ūٲ describes charm against Kṣetriya or hereditary disease. A hymn says from the inherited disease from Nirṛti, the goddess of destruction from the curse of the kinswoman and also from Druha�, the demon of guile, and from the fetter of ղṇa to release him. Guiltless do I render thee through my charm; may heaven and earth both be propitious to thee. In another hymn, Agni together with the water and the plants is invoked. Moreover, the wind in the atmosphere, the four quarters of the heaven are prayed to cure the disease. Again, in a hymn, four goddesses, and the directions of space, the consorts of the wind, the sun is worshipped to cure the disease. In another charm, the four directions are assigned to cure away diseases of old age. Again, in another hymn, the patient has been released from disease, from the mishap, and blame because of the fetter of Druha� and from Ұ. Again, a hymn says: پ is performed for the demon of grudge to obtain prosperity to enter into the happy world of the pious. Now, another hymn says, asks the divine Sun to release the Kshatriya from darkness and from Ұ to wipe out the sin[14].
The third ṇḍ of seven ūٲ describes Charm against Kṣetriya or hereditary disease. A hymn says that the remedy rose upon the head of the Antilope. So, the inherited disease should be driven in all directions through the horn. Another hymn prays to the horn of the Antilope to loosen the Kṣetriya that is knitted into his heart. Another hymn prays the horn that glistens yonder like a roof with four wings to drive out every Kṣetriya from his limbs. Again, in another hymn the lovely twin stars, the Vicṛtau is prayed to loosen the nethermost and the uppermost fetter of the Kṣetriya. Another hymn says that the waters are healers, scatterers of disease, cure all disease that may relieve thee from the Kṣetriya. Again, a hymn the Kṣetriya, into thee from the prepared (magic) concoction as a remedy to be driven the Kṣetriya out. Finally, a hymn states that at the time when the constellations fade away, and when the dawn does fade away, he will shine away from use very evil and the Kṣetriya[15].
Ninth ṇḍ of eight ūٲ recommended charm to procure immunity from all diseases. A hymn says remedy for every headache and suffering in the head, pain in the ears and flow of blood, every disease of the head. Another charm suggests the remedy of disease of ears and the neuralgia and every disease of the head. Again, another charm removes all diseases of the ears and mouth. Another charm relieves the patient from deafness and blindness. One other charm cures pain in the limbs, fever in the limbs, the neuralgia that affects every limb. On another occasion, a hymn relieves the disease that creeps along the thighs, and then enters the canals, and the inner parts. Another charm says cures balāsa from the body. The other charm cures Jaundice of limbs, diarrhoea from within thy bowels, the core of disease from the inner soul. Another charm turns balāsa into the urine. Another charm is applied to remove the poison of all diseases from the body. Another charm is applied to cure diseases of the belly, lungs, navel, and heart. The next charm is applied to cure the diseases and the injuries that paralyze thy limbs. Furthermore, another charm is applied to cure neuralgia, abscesses, inflation, or inflammation of the eyes[16].
The third ṇḍ of thirty-one ūٲ recommended Prayer for health and long life. The first charm is applied to invoke the Agni to remove the art of the demon of hostility to cure all diseases. A charm is applied to pray , the purifying wind, to set the patient free from misfortune, Ś (Indra) from evil sorcery. I free thee from all evil and disease. Another hymn speaks about taming the wild animals to remove all evil and disease. Another charm is applied to pray the Heaven and earth to free all diseases. The next charm is applied to 'Tvaṣṭā' to free the sufferer from all evil and disease and unite him with life. The next hymn says Agni, the moon to unite together to remove all diseases. Another charm is applied to addressing the Gods and the sun to free the patient from all evil and disease. The other charm, the breath of life is addressed to cure all diseases. The other charm cures all evil diseases by uniting the patient with life. The other charm invokes the divine to rise with life, unite with life, and cure the disease with the sap of the plants, free the sufferer from all evil and disease. Finally, charms say the rain of Parjanya rise up the divine to unite with life[17].
The sixth ṇḍ of eighty-five ūٲ describes exorcism of the disease using an amulet from the ղṇa�tree. The charm speaks about the divine tree, the ղṇa that will cure the disease that has entered into a man. Another charm praises Indra, Mitra, and ղṇa by the command to shut out thy disease. The other cham shuts out (vāraye) disease from the patients with the help of Agni ղśԲ[18].
The second ṇḍ of thirty-three ūٲ describes Yakṣmavibarhaṇa. The hymn ejects for the Yakṣma of the head forth from his two eyes, two nostrils, two ears, chin, brain, tongue. Another charm removes diseases from the neck(ī), Nape (uṣṇihās), vertebrae (kīkasā), back-bone, (two) ṛṣṇa shoulders, (two) fore-arms. The other hymn removes disease from the heart, lung (kloman) halīkṣṇa, (two) sides, (two) matasnas, spleen, liver by rejecting the Yakṣma. The other charm removes disease from entrails, guts, rectum, belly by rejecting Yakṣma. In another hymn removes disease from thighs, knees, heels, front, feet, hips, fundament. Again, we find a charm that removes disease from bones, marrows, sinews, vessels, (two) hands, fingers, nails. Finally, we find in charm that removes diseases from every limb, every hair, every joint the Yakṣma of your skin[19].
Balāsa (Bala + āsa) means a disease that wastes physical energy. It is also called phlegm disease. Whitney calls it tuberculosis. Some scholars also call it cancer. In the Atharvaveda, the abode of Balāsa is described. Like the heart, glands, bones, both armpits, and both testicles[20]. Ჹⲹṣm is also discussed in the Taittirīya ṃh, ṻka ṃh, and Maitrāyaṇ� ṃh of Yajurveda[21]. The Taittirīya ṃh describes three types of Ჹⲹṣm -Ჹⲹṣm, Pāpayakṣmā, and Jāyānya. There are three reasons for the origin of Ჹⲹṣm–Extremely addiction to all things, sinful thoughts, and excessive sexual intercourse. The origin of this disease is said to be that–the Prajāpati married king 䲹Ի and his thirty-three daughters. But the 䲹Ի only increased her relationship with dzṇ� ṣaٰ. Therefore, he contracted Ჹⲹṣm due to over-indulgence. Again, this disease is the main among the diseases, that is, the king of diseases. That is why it is called Ჹⲹṣm[22]. This disease is more prevalent in kings, rich people, etc. Because of the luxurious lifestyle, their ability to prevent disease is reduced. Luxury and sensuality are more prevalent in life due to perfection. The disease intends that human beings get infected with this disease as a result of sinfulness, sinful deeds, and their sins. In this context, the Vedas say that Jāyānya or tuberculosis is a contagious disease. According to the Vedas, the disease is spread by flying like a bird. This disease is called flying disease[23]. Both the patient and the non-patient should be aware of this disease. Also found are the two words Jāyānya and Jāyenya-�jāyābhya� avindatyajāyābhyām avindat |� That is, the disease is caused by having intercourse with two wife’s or many wives[24]. Jāyānya means boils without opening or consumption. According to ⲹṇa and Keśava, the meaning of the word Jāyānya is Ჹⲹṣm[25]. Prof. Karambelkar compares Royal Tuberculosis to venereal disease[26]. According to Atharvaveda, Yakṣma is not consumption but disease in general[27]. So, Atharvaveda terms Yakṣma as Sarvarogabhaiṣajjya�. Ჹⲹṣm also means Jāyānya which is caused by excessive sexual indulgence[28]. The other verities are Pāpayakṣma and Ajñātayakṣma. Suśruta termed it as ṣaⲹ. The latter also termed it as Śṣa for it dries up the essential fluids of the body. Jāyānya or Jāyenya is a ٳٳ-roga. It is mentioned in the context of Ჹⲹṣm. This disease is eradicated by sacrificing with antidote medicine and the germs of this disease are destroyed in the house where the yajña is performed[29]. ś첹 ūٰ has been instructed to bind the amulet of Vīraṇa medicine to cure this disease[30]. The patient’s consumption is treated by tying up an amulet of the stream of a lute and three-part of Vīriṇa plant[31].This disease decays the bone of the spine and penetrates flesh and infects the bone marrow. The patient should be given a porridge containing rotten fish and taken bath with warm water early in the morning. The water should contain burning sesame, hemp, cow-dung, and sacred firewood collected from the forest[32]. Some hymns should be chanted along with the abovementioned process[33].
In Atharvaveda, the disease Kṣetriya is treated in the hymn II.8,10, and III.7. Since there is great uncertainty regarding the nature of Kṣetriya disease, some hymns are addressed to a plant called Kṣetriya–Nāśanīvīrut along with a prayer addressed to the stars to liberate the ties of the disease and it is believed that the above-mentioned plant successfully destroys the disease. The disease is also called Yakṣma[34]. This disease is also regarded as a family disease or hereditary disease[35].
According to ⲹṇa Kṣetriya as�
�kṣetreparakṣetreputrapautrādiśarīrecikitsyaḥkṣayakuṣṭdidoṣadū ṣitapitṛmātrādiśarīrāvayavebhyaḥ� gataḥkṣayakuṣṭpasmārādiroga� |�[36]
Kṣetriya and ṣeٰ the meaning given by Dāḍila, Keśava, ⲹṇa, the commentator of the TB and the Western scholars who have all associated the disease to ṣeٰ, (womb) is apt to create doubt in our mind. The hymns themselves, as pointed out, have given a certain vagueness to the disease Kṣetriya, by not only not mentioning the symptoms but also by equating it with the 'ties of ղṇa', haters (druha�), 'Curse of women'(Jāmiśṃs), 'Misfortune'(Nirṛti) and Calamity (Durita).
In Āܰ岹 the disease is said to be difficult and impossible, but in the Vedas, there is a description of the treatment of that disease. The disease that is passed from parent to child is called hereditary or Kṣetriya disease[37]. 峾 has been called the destroyer of Kṣetriya or hereditary diseases[38]. In the Maitrāyaṇ� etc., the branch of Yajurveda, there is a provision to make a powder of 峾’s and deprive it[39]. The importance of 峾 is described in ūٲs seventeen to nineteen of the fourth chapter of the Atharvaveda[40]. Deer horns eliminate all types of genetic diseases[41]. According to the Atharvaveda, the antlers of a deer should be rubbed in water or the ashes of the antlers should be consumed with water after the stars come out at night and before the sunrise. In the Atharvaveda, two stars called Vicṛta, are said to be the destroyers of Kṣetriya disease[42]. The two stars of the main star are called Vicṛta. Vicṛta means that intersects the pledge. Perhaps the intention is that the use of the bark of Arjuna, barley, sesame, etc., described in this ūٲ during the rising of the main star, cures the genetic disease. Sun and moon rays remove Kṣetriya disease or tuberculosis, leprosy, etc. In the Atharvaveda, the same ūٲ mentions the following medicines to cure Kṣetriya diseases-Arjuna tree bark powder should be consumed, barley and barley ñᲹī should be applied more in food, sesame ñᲹī vegetables should be eaten, sesame oil should be applied and sesame seeds should be applied more in food[43]. Arjuna tree ṇi or garland is also a destroyer of this disease. In the same ūٲ, the means of eradicating Kṣetriya disease have been mentioned namely-plough, gambling, and agriculture by field[44]. Agriculture nourishes the body. If the body is kept in the Sun, the worms of the disease are destroyed. Where fresh air is available, antidote life energy is available. Therefore, agriculture is capable of eradicating hereditary diseases. In the four mantras of this ūٲ, there is a reference to Kṣetriyanāśnīvīrut[45]. And water is also capable of eradicating Kṣetriya diseases[46]. That is drinking plenty of pure water fleshes out all the contaminants, urine, and sweat from the body and the patient is free of Kṣetriya disease. Viṣāṇā or Viṣāṇakā medicine cures rheumatism and hereditary diseases. According to Dr. Kapil Dev Dwivedi, boiling basil leaves in water and drinking it regularly is more beneficial[47]. In the Paippalāda ṃh, ĀñᲹԲ is said to be an eye-lightener and an antidote for the destroyer of Kṣetriya disease.[48] The remedial process of this disease is as follows -after washing the patient outdoor the priest chants a few hymns in the early morning. He takes some plants like barley (brown) and sesame flower and two types of mud -natural mud and mud from Anthill while reciting some verses washes the patient with ghee, etc. There are also some treatments mentioned by using amulets along with chanting of verses[49]. The use of water as a panacea is well known in the Atharvan tradition. Kṣetriya was a name for a disease or diseases caused by grass-poisoning[50].
Again, in ś첹 ūٰ, a different method of treatment is recorded: While reciting III.7 the priest fastens an amulet made from the horn of an antelope on the patient, make him water to drink, and lets him wash with water, etc. Then food is given to him[51]. The splinters of the holy Kāmpīla wood are also used against Kṣetriya[52].
In the Atharvaveda, there are various medicines for the eradication of Balāsa disease, such as the Cīpudru tree which is called the quality tree[53]. It is a killer of Balāsa, heart disease, and skin disease, etc. The Atharvaveda also mentions the ṅgḍa tree[54]. Āⲹ Dāḍila and Prof. Kailanda etc., call it Arjuna tree. It is called վśṣaᲹ. It has provisions to hold amulets. It is Āśarīka, Viśarīka, Balāsa, Pṛṣṭyāmaya, and is beneficial for the treatment of a wide range of fevers throughout the year[55].
ĀñᲹԲ is mentioned in Atharvaveda[56]. It is used in the treatment of Balāsa, fever, and snake venom[57]. ĀñᲹԲ has two distinctions. Namely-Traikakuda and 峾ܲԲ. It is both a mineral and a tree. Its amulet can also be captured. The Atharvaveda mentions Balāsanāśanī or Balāsa herbs[58]. It has been called the Balāsanāśaka. There are also references to Tejana and ղṃśa in the Atharvaveda[59]. ղṃśalocana is emitted from bamboo. It is beneficial for mucus, constipation, cough, respiratory diseases, and fever.
The ṣṭṅg ṛdⲹ texts speak of vomiting and purgation to cleanse the body of a Royal tuberculosis. The patient has been asked to give light food i.e., old rice, flour, barley, mug, goat's milk-ghee, etc. Mix with butter, pepper, and honey. It is an antidote for cough, shortness of breath, and fever[60]. There are some scriptural applications for tuberculosis, namely-ⲹԲś, Pravālabhasma, ṛtñīī-ܰ, Sitopalādi, Bṛhad, Vāsāvaleha, Kāñcanābhrarasa, Yakṣmārilauha, etc. To alleviate the anorexia, provision has been made to mix ginger and 첹-salt or seaweed powder before eating. It has also been said in the ṣṭṅg ṛdⲹ that the Atharvaveda yajña etc., should be performed for the treatment of divine-causes-shelter[61]. The Taittirīya ṃh advises enjoying sun rays to prevent this disease[62]. Another way is to protect oneself from sin, sinful thoughts, and sinful actions. And the third way is not to marry more than one and not to enjoy more wives. The Taittirīya ṃh says that Yajña should be performed in the morning and the evening. Besides, Yajña has to be performed in the new moon and full moon, then there will be no Ჹⲹṣm[63]. The Maitrāyaṇ� ṃh says that after having Ჹⲹṣm affected 䲹Ի went to the Prajāpati and asked him the way to cure Ჹⲹṣm and Prajapati said the way of healing him ‘Tell the truth�[64]. Untruths cause tuberculosis or Ჹⲹṣm. Oja is the semen in man, this is the life-saving theory. Preserving it restores vitality and relieves disease[65].
Sacrifices for the treatment of Ჹⲹṣm are described in the Ṛgveda and the Atharvaveda[66]. Yajña perfumes the air. This fragrance penetrates through the breath and purifies the lungs and expels the guilt that pervades it. This ūٲ says-if the patient is facing death if the hope of life is weakened, Yet the glory of Yajña is infinite, Yajña is infinitely powerful, nourishes the ʰṇa and Բ power and saves from the hand of death by the hand of truth[67]. From this, it is known that the protector of true people and the destroyer of untruthful people.
Against Ჹⲹṣm the ś첹 ūٰ recommends the following practice: “The patient should be given to eat porridge containing rotten fish. He is taken to the forest and at dawn; he was sprinkled over with the water which has been warmed by quenching in it the burning sesame, hemp, cow-dung, and sacred fire-wood, all of which are available in the forest.[68] The practices are undertaken with the recitation of III.11[69].
The Atharvaveda mentions two ways to cure Ჹⲹṣm, for example, drinking Somapāna and ʳܰṣārٳ[70]. Soma-rasa or other nutritious juice cures tuberculosis. And increasing or virility masculinity is also useful for the prevention of this disease. This disease arises and increases when there is a decrease in mood and will power. If the mind has the willpower then the incidence of this disease gradually decreases and gradually subsides.
In the Ṛgveda and the Atharvaveda, there is a reference to Ჹⲹṣm along with Ajñātayakṣamā[71]. Unknown tuberculosis is probably applied to cancer. The symptoms and causes of this disease are unknown because it is called unknown tuberculosis. According to Dr. Kapil Dev Dwivedi, this unknown disease is cancer. At that time, the diagnosis of this disease was probably not confirmed. Therefore, it has been left out as unknown tuberculosis. The disease originates when infected germs enter the body[72]. Havana is the best medicine for Ajñātayakṣamā. The use of the Cipudra tree has been called a beneficial medicine for unknown tuberculosis[73] and other medicinal Ჹⲹṣm equivalents.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
kaśyapasya vībarheṇa viṣvañca� vi v� hāmasi || ______(AV. -II/33/7); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 100.
kṣetriyāttveti catuṣpathe kāmpīlaśakalai� parvasu piñjūlī bhirāplāvayati || avasiñcati || (ś첹-ūٰ�27.7- 8); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosaṃkṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, p. 64.
[2]:
śīrṣaktimityabhimṛśati || utٲbhyām徱ٲⲹmupatiṣṭhate || (ś첹-ūٰ�32.18-19); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosaṃkṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, p. 64.
[3]:
[4]:
[5]:
ū貹� bhaviṣyatastasya pratiśyāyo ṛśa� ṣa� |
prasekomukhamādhurya� sadana� vahnidehayo ||
sthalyamatrānnapānādau śucāvapyaśucīkṣaṇam |
makṣikātṛṇake śādipāta�.........................
śūnyānā� grāmadeśānā� 岹śԲ� śuṣyato'mbhasa� || (ṣṭ. H. –ԲٳԲ�-5/5-6); ṣṭṅg ṛdⲹ� of Vāgbhaṭṭa Vol. II, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, 2018, p. 45.
[6]:
vegarodhāt kṣayāccaiva sāhasādviṣamāśanāt |
tridoṣo jāyateyakṣmā gado hetucatuṣṭayāt || (Bhāvaprakāśa–Ჹⲹṣmdhikāra -10/1) Bhāvaprakāśa by Bhāvamiśra Vol. II, trans. Kalishachandra Sengupta, Vaidyacarya Kalikinkara Senasharma & Ayurvedacharya Satya Shekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Kolkata, Deepayan, 2000, p. 362.
[7]:
ṃs pārśvābhitāpaśca Գ貹� karapādayo� |
ᱹ� sarvvāṅgikaśceti lakṣaṇa� rājayakṣiṇa� || (Bhāvaprakāśa–Ჹⲹṣmdhikāra -10/11) Bhāvaprakāśa by Bhāvamiśra Vol. II, trans. Kalishachandra Sengupta, Vaidyacarya Kalikinkara Senasharma & Ayurvedacharya Satya Shekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Kolkata, Deepayan, 2000, p. 364.
[8]:
ٲ屹ṣo ᱹ� ś� � śoṇitadarśanam |
svarabhedaśca jāyante ṣaḍrūpe rājayakṣṇi || (Suśruta Uttar�41.11) Suśruta ṃh of Maharṣi Suśruta Vol. III, Anant Ram Sharma (ed.), Varanasi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, 2018, p. 323.
[9]:
[10]:
na ke � dhātukṣayamātrādeva yakṣmā bhavati, api tu rasādivahasrotonirodhādibhirapiti darśayitu� viśiṣṭā� samprāptimāha kaphe tyadi | (Mā. Ni. –X /Ჹⲹṣm-Kṣatakṣīṇa Nidānam/1); -Բ of 첹 with the Commentary Madhukoṣa by Vijayarakṣita & Śrīkaṇṭhadatta, Brahmanand Tripathi(ed.), trans. Kanjiv Lochan, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, 2018, p. 264.
[11]:
ṣa� pañcaiva vijñeyāstribhirdoṣaistrayaśca te ||
ٳܰٳ� ԲԾٱԲ 貹ñ� syādura� kṣatāt |
śoṣāḥ syu� ṣaṭprakāreṇa strīprasaṅgācchu co vraṇāt ||
adhvaśramācca vyāyāmādvārdhakyādapi jāyate || (Śāraṅg. S. –I/7/22-24); Śāraṅgadhara-ṃh: A Treatise on Ayurveda by Śāraṅgadhara, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2017, p. 33.
[12]:
AV. –VI.14; Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p.
[13]:
AV. –II.8; K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh -Vol. I, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, pp. 80- 82.
[14]:
AV. –I.10; Veda Atharvaveda ṃh, trans. Dilip Mukhopadhyaya, Kolkata, Akshaya Library, 2017, pp. 233-235.
[15]:
AV. –I.7; Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya–Vol. -2, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, pp. 52-60.
[16]:
AV. –IX.8; Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, pp. 519-522.
[17]:
AV. –III.31; K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh -Vol. I, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, pp. 232-236.
[18]:
AV. –I.10; Veda Atharvaveda ṃh, trans. Dilip Mukhopadhyaya, Kolkata, Akshaya Library, 2017, pp. 476-477.
[19]:
AV. –II.33; Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya–Vol. -1, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, pp. 640-647.
[20]:
hṛdo balāsamaṅge bhyo bahirnirmantrayāmahe ||
asthistrṃs� paru� strṃsmāsthita� hṛdayāmayam |
balāsa� sarva� nāśayāṅge ṣṭ yaśca parvasu ||
yai te balāsa tiṣṭhata� kakṣe muṣkāvapaśritau || (AV. –X.8.8; VI.14.1; 6.127.2); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, pp. 520, 284, 356.
[22]:
[23]:
貹ṣ� jāyānya� patati sa ā viśati puruṣam | (AV. -VII/76/4); Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya–Vol. -4, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, p. 283.
[24]:
Taitti. S.�2/5/6/5.
[25]:
AV. –II.33; III.31; VI.85; IX.8; K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh -Vol. I, II, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, pp. 129-132, 232-236, 568-569, 270-275.
[26]:
V. W. Karambelkar, the Atharva-Veda and the Āܰ-ձ岹, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2003, p.193.
[27]:
Kau. Sūt. 32.18–The patient is taken hold of; the hymn is recited. While the last two stanzas are muttered the Sun is faced reverently.
[28]:
C. Ci. –VIII.24-27; R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka ṃh–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 112-115. Suśruta Uttar�41.10-17; Suśruta ṃh of Maharṣi Suśruta Vol. III, Anant Ram Sharma (ed.), Varanasi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, 2018, p. 240.
[29]:
첹ٳ� ha tatra tva� hano yasya k� ṇmo havirgṛhe || (AV. -VII/76/5); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 409.
[30]:
dakṣiṇato jāṅgāyanamudapātramupasādyābhimantrayate tathodapātra� dhāraya yathāgre brahmaṇaspti� || satyadharmā� adīdharaddevasya savitu� sava iti || (ś첹-ūٰ�3.2); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosaṃkṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, p. 7.
[31]:
ya� kīkasā iti piśīlavīṇātantrī� badhnāti | tantryā kṣitikām | vīriṇavadhrī svⲹṃmlāna� tri� samasya || (ś첹 ūٰ 32.11-13); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, pp. 65-66.
[32]:
muñcāmi tveti grāmye pūtiśapharībhirodanam | araṇye tilaśaṇagomayaśāntājvālenāvanakṣatre'vasiñcati | mṛgārairmuñcetyaplāvayati || (ś첹 ūٰ 27.32-34); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, pp. 65-66.
[33]:
ambayo yanti śambhumayo hiraṇyavarṇ� nissālā� ye agnayo brahma jajñānamityekā tadeva mṛgārasūktāni || (ś첹-ūٰ�9.1); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosaṃkṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, p. 21.
[34]:
AV. –II.10.5-6; Veda Atharvaveda ṃh, trans. Dilip Mukhopadhyaya, Kolkata, Akshaya Library, 2017, p. 233.
[35]:
Dāḍila calls it -kaulovyādhi� | Keśava states�pitṛparyāyāgata� kṣetriyaroga� kuṣṭhakṣayaroga� ṇīdṣa� sarvaśarīrasphoṭakāra |
[36]:
AV. –II.8.1, K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh -Vol. I, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, p. 80.
[37]:
yadenaso mātṛk� tāt śeṣe pitṛk� tācca yat | (AV. –V/30/4); Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya–Vol. -3, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, pp. 179.
[38]:
apāmārgo'pa mārṣṭu kṣetriyam | ______(AV. -IV/18/7); Veda Atharvaveda ṃh, trans. Dilip Mukhopadhyaya, Kolkata, Akshaya Library, 2017, p. 124.
[39]:
apāmārgān saktūn k� tvā...... juhoti | Maitrā. S.�2/6/3.
[40]:
AV. –IV.17-19; K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh -Vol. I, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, pp. 295-304.
[41]:
hariṇasya raghuṣyado'dhi śīrṣaṇi bheṣajam |
sa kṣetriya� viṣāṇayā viṣūcīnamanīnaśat || (AV. –III/7/1); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 112.
[42]:
[43]:
babhrorarjunaṇḍsya yavasya te patlālyā tilasya tilapiñjyā |
vīrut kṣetriyanāśanyapa kṣetriyamucchatu || (AV. –II.8.3); Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya� Vol.�1, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, p. 457.
[44]:
[45]:
vīrut kṣetriyanāśanyapa kṣetriyamucchatu || (AV. –II.8.2-5); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 74.
[46]:
āpo viśvasya bheṣajīstāstvā muñcantu kṣetriyāt || (AV. –III.7.5); K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh� Vol. I, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, p. 589.
[47]:
[48]:
Paippalāda ṃh�1.55.1-4; 3.8.1-13.
[49]:
āk� tiloṣṭavalmīkau parilikhya pāyayati | udagātāmityaplāvayati � | apeyamiti vyucchantyām | babhroritimantrokٲk� tiloṣṭavalmīkau parilikhya īkoṣaṇyā-mutsīvya badhnāti | namaste lāṅgalebhya iti sīrayogamadhiśirovasiñcati | Բ� sanisrasākṣebhya iti śūnyaśālāyāmapsu sampātānānayati | ܳٳٲ� jaratkhāte saśālātṛṇe | tasminnācāmayatyaplāvayati | tva� vīrudhāmiti mūtrapurīṣa� vatsaśepyāyā� kakucairapidhāpya saṃpiṣya nikhanati | śepyānaḍe | śepyāyām | (ś첹 ūٰ 25.7, 26.41-43; 27.1-4; 48.32-34 for AV. II.8; II.10 & III.7); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, pp. 55-122.
[50]:
kṣetriyāttveti catuṣpathe kāmpīlaśakalai� parvasu bad dhvā piñjūlībhirāplāvayati | avasiñcati | hariṇasyeti bandhanapāyanācamanaśa� kudhānajvālenāvanakṣatre'vasiñcati | amiٲtrāyā� sak� d gṛhītānyavānāvapati | ٲ� prayacchati | (ś첹 ūٰ 27.7-8; 27.29-31); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, pp. 63-65.
[51]:
hariṇasyeti bandhanapāyanācamanaśa� kudhānajvālenāvanakṣatre'vasiñcati || amiٲtrāyā� sak� d gṛhītānyavānāvapati || ٲ� prayacchati || (ś첹 ūٰ 27.29-31); Atharvavedīya� ś첹 Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, p. 64.
[52]:
kṣetriyāttveti catuṣpathe kāmpīlaśkalai� parvasu bad dhvā piñjulībhirāplāvayati || (ś첹 ūٰ 27.7); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, p. 63.
[53]:
yau te balāsa tiṣṭhata� kakṣe muṣkāvapaśritau |
vedāha� tasya ṣaᲹ� cīprudu rabhicakṣaṇam || (AV. –VI.127.2); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 356.
[54]:
ⲹ� no viśvabheṣajo jaṅgiḍo pātva� hasa� || (AV. –II.4.3); Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya–Vol.�1, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, p. 455.
[55]:
āśarīka� viśarīka� balāsa� pṛṣṭhyāmayam |
takmāna� viśvaśāradam arasā� jaṅgiḍaskarat || (AV. –XIX.34.10); K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh–Vol. III, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, p. 352.
[56]:
yadāṃjana traikakuda� ٲ� himavataspari |
yātuṃśca sarvāñjambhayat sarvāśca yātudhānya� ||
yadi traikakuda� yadi yāmunamucyase |
ubhe te bhadre nāmnī tābhyā� na� pāhyāṃjana� || (AV. –IV.9.9-10); Veda Atharvaveda ṃh, trans. Dilip Mukhopadhyaya, Kolkata, Aksaya Library, 2017, p. 320.
[57]:
tra trayo dāsā āṃñjanasya takmā balāsa ādahi� | |
[58]:
balāsa� sarva� nāśaya | atho balāsanāśanī� ṣaī: | (AV. –VI.14.1-3; VIII.7.10); K. L. Joshi (ed.), Atharvaveda ṃh -Vol. I & II, Delhi, Parimal Publication, 2015, pp. 483, 182.
[59]:
[60]:
balino bahudoṣasya snigdhasvinnasya śodhanam |
urdhvādho yakṣmiṇa� kuryātsasneha� yanna karśanam ||
payasā phalayuktena madhureṇa rasena vā |
sarpiṣmatya yavāgvā vā vamanadravyasiddhayā ||
vamet Բ� dadyātrivṛcchyāmānupadrumān |
śarka rāmadhusarpirbhi� payasā tarpaṇena vā ||
drākṣāvidārīkāśmaryamāṃsānā� vā rasairyutān |
śuddhakoṣṭhasya yuñjīta � bṛṃhaṇadīpanam |
hṛdyāni cānnapānāni vātaghnāni laghūni ca ||
śāliṣṭikagodhūmayavamadra� samoṣitam ||
daśamūlaśṛtātkṣīrātsarpiryadudiyānnavam |
sapippalīka� sakṣaudra� tatpara� svarabodhanam ||
ś� pārśvāsaśūlaghna� kāsaśvāsajvarāpaham |
pañcabhi� pañcamūlairvā śṛtādyadutdiyād ghṛtam || (ṣṭ. H. �侱쾱ٲٳԲ- 5/1-5; 19-20); ṣṭṅg ṛdⲹ� of Vāgbhaṭṭa Vol. II, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, 2018, pp. 255-256, 258.
[61]:
suhṛdā� 岹śԲ� gītavāditrotsavasaṃśruti� |
bastaya� kṣīrasarpīṣi madyamāṃsasuśīlatā || (ṣṭ. H. –侱쾱ٲٳԲ�-5/83); ṣṭṅg ṛdⲹ� of Vāgbhaṭṭa Vol. II, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, 2018, p. 269.
[64]:
ṛta� brūhati | Maitrā. S.�2/2/7.
[65]:
anṛte yakṣmo'gṛhaṇāt | ojo vai vīryam | ṻ. S.�11/3.
[66]:
haviṣ� īnāya, śatāyuṣ� haviṣ� | (ṚV. -I/161/1,3); K. L. Joshi (ed.), Ṛgveda ṃh -Vol. I, Delhi. Parimal Publication, 2016, pp. 402-403.
[67]:
satyasya hastābhyām udamuñcad ṛh貹پ� | (AV. –III.11.8); Atharva-Veda-ṃh along with ⲹṇabhāṣya–Vol.–II, Ramswaroop Sharma Gaud (ed.), Varanasi, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, 2011, p. 105.
[68]:
muñcāmi tveti grāmye pūtiśapharībhirodanam || araṇye tilaśaṇagomayaśāntājvālenāvanakṣatre'vasiñcati || (ś첹 ūٰ 27.32-33); Atharvavedīya–ś� Gṛhyasūtra� (Dārilakeśavayosa�-kṣiptaṭīkaya sahita�), trans. Udayanarayana Sinha, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series office, 2009, pp. 65-66.
[69]:
muñcāmi tvā haviṣ� īnāya kamajñātayakṣmāduta Ჹⲹṣmt |
grāhirjagrāha yadi vaitadena� tasyā indrāgnī pra mumuktamenam ||
yadi kṣitāyuryadi vā pareto yadi mṛtyorantika� nīta eva |
ٲ harāmi nirṛterupasthadaspārṣamena� śataśāradāya ||
sahasrākṣeṇa śataśāradena śatāyuṣ� haviṣāhārṣamenam |
śٲ� nayātīndro viśvasya duritasya pāram ||
śٲ� ī ś Բ� śٲ� hemantāñchatamu vasantān |
śatamindrāgnī savitā ṛh貹پ� śatāyuṣa haviṣema� punardu� ||
āhārṣa� tvāvida� tvā punarāgā� punarnava |
sarvāṃga sarva� te ṣu� sarvāmāyuśca te'vidam || (ṚV. -X/161/1-5); Acharya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Rigveda–Vol. 4, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, pp. 547-548.
[70]:
piba kalaśe somam �.. ā vṛṣasva | (AV. –VII.76.6); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 1, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 409.
[71]:
muñcāmi tvā haviṣ� īnāya kamajñāta yakṣmāduta Ჹⲹṣmt | (AV. –XX.96.6); Acarya Vedanta Tirtha (ed.), Atharvaveda–Vol. 2, Delhi, Manoj Publication, 2012, p. 502.
[72]:
K. D. Dvivedi & B. Dvivedi, Vedo� Me� Āܰ岹 (Medical Science in the Vedas), Jyanapur, Visvabharati Anusandhan Parishad, 2018, p. 56.