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The teacher of the devas (Gods).

Birth.

The father of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 was 础峁単颈谤补蝉, the son of 叠谤补丑尘腻. 叠谤补丑尘腻 grew amorous, at the sight of some celestial maids who were present at a sacrifice performed by Rudra; and he had seminal flow. 叠谤补丑尘腻 put the semen in fire. From that fire the devas such as 惭补谤墨肠颈, 叠丑峁沢耻, 础峁単颈谤补蝉 and others were born. The name 础峁単颈谤补蝉 was given because he was born out of 补峁単腻谤补 (live-coal). Eight sons were born to 础峁単颈谤补蝉 by his wife 痴补蝉耻诲腻. They were Utathya, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, Vayasya, 艢腻苍迟颈, Ghora, 痴颈谤奴辫补, 厂补峁僾补谤迟补 and Sudhanv膩. All of them were sages who had attained oneness with the supreme Spirit by knowledge, and who had been free from worldly pain. Of them 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, Utathya and 厂补峁僾补谤迟补 became famous through all the worlds. In some 辫耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 痴补蝉耻诲腻, the mother of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, is given the name 艢谤补诲诲丑腻 also.

It is stated that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had a sister named 膧峁単颈谤补蝉墨. She was a follower of the 叠谤补丑尘腻 cult. She became the wife of 笔谤补产丑腻蝉补 the last one of the eight Vasus.* 痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘腻 was her son. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 Skandha 4, 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 66).

Is 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 the son of Agni?

In some 辫耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 is described as the son of Agni. Its authority is given below. 础峁単颈谤补蝉, the father of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 was once doing penance in his hermitage. When the fire of penance increased the brightness of the real fire decreased. Agni (fire) stood before 础峁単颈谤补蝉 and said "Oh Lord! your brightness surpasses mine. From this day onwards you are the real fire. So you shall be the first fire and I will be the fire of 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈 which is the second fire."

Because of this boon of Agni, the devas (gods), recognized 础峁単颈谤补蝉 also as a fire-god. So in some Pur膩峁嘺s 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 is mentioned as the son of Agni (fire-god). (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 4).

Teacher of the Devas.

The story of how 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 became the teacher of the devas, is given in the Bh膩峁Ｄ乥h膩rata, Chapter 76 as shown below:

"The Suras and the asuras (the gods and the demons) became enemies from time immemorial, regarding the possession of wealth and prosperity in the three worlds. To secure victory in the battles the gods made 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 their teacher and likewise the asuras made 艢耻办谤补 their teacher."

The devas and asuras began to fight for prosperity and wealth. At that time the devas selected 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and the asuras selected 艢耻办谤补, as their teacher.

The conjugality of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈.

罢腻谤腻 was the wife of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. She was very beautiful. Seeing Candra鈥檚 handsome figure she doted on him. There arose several quarrels over this affair. Finally the devas intervened and 罢腻谤腻 was given back to B峁沨aspat墨. Budha was born to Candra by 罢腻谤腻.

The individual called 罢腻谤补 in the family of the monkeys, was a son of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. It is mentioned in 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 叠腻濒补 碍腻峁囜笉补, Sarga 17, Stanza 10 as follows, which proves this fact.

"叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 begot the mighty monkey 罢腻谤补." In the 峁欢惫别诲补, 惭补峁囜笉补濒补 1, Anuv膩ka 19, 厂奴办迟补 126, it is mentioned that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had a daughter named Roma艣膩. When her husband teased her Roma艣膩 said to her husband: "You please come and feel your hand on my body. Don't think that my organs are small. Though I am hairy like the goats of 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤补, I have got all the organs fully grown." This is the statement in the 峁欢惫别诲补. In the Uttara 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, it is stated that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 son named 碍耻艣补诲丑惫补箩补, and that a daughter named Devavat墨 was born to 碍耻艣补诲丑惫补箩补. Devavat墨 was born from his mouth while 碍耻艣补诲丑惫补箩补 was engaged in devotional recitation of the Vedas. 厂墨迟腻 was the rebirth of this Devavat墨. It is stated in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 67, Stanza 69, that 顿谤辞峁嘺, the son of 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补, was born from a portion of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. Kaca was another son of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. For full particulars of the story how 顿别惫补测腻苍墨 (daughter of 艢耻办谤补) hankered after Kaca, see 'Kaca'. Mention is made in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, Vana Parva, Chapter 219, Stanza 1, that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had a wife called C膩ndramas墨 and that she gave birth to six Agnis. In Kampa 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, Yuddhak膩峁囜笉a mention is made that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had a daughter named Sulekh膩. Six sons and a daughter were born to C膩ndramas墨. The six sons were six Agnis (fires): In sacrifices the burnt offerings and the ghee were the portions meant for the great and mighty fire 艢补尘测耻, the son of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. It is to satisfy this great fire which blazes with numberless pointed tongues, that in sacrifices such as 颁腻迟耻谤尘腻蝉测补, 础艣惫补尘别诲丑补 etc. animals are slaughtered. The daughter of Dharma was the wife of 艢补峁儁耻. The name of the wonderful being (艢补尘测耻鈥檚 wife) is 厂补迟测腻. A son named 顿墨辫迟颈 and three daughters were born to 艢补尘测耻. The son of 顿墨辫迟颈 is 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补 who is the recipient of first portion of Ghee oblated in sacrifice. On all full-moon days offerings of sacrifices are meant for Bharata. Bharata had a son named 叠丑腻谤补迟补 and a daughter named 叠丑腻谤补迟墨. Bharata the Agni is said to be the son of the Agni who is 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈 Bharata. Thus Bharata got the famous name 'the great'. Bharata married 痴墨谤腻 and a son was born to them called 痴墨谤补. This 痴墨谤补 like Soma is the recipient of sacrificial ghee, according to the belief of the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s. As this 痴墨谤补 is the recipient of the second ghee offered in sacrifice, as Soma, he is known by names such as Rathaprabhu, Rathadhv膩na and Kumbharetas. 痴墨谤补 married 厂补谤补测奴 and became the father of Siddhi鈥擲iddhi the Agnidevat膩鈥攚ho is remembered in all fire songs. Fire which has no action on prosperity, fame and vigour has the name Ni艣cyavana. Ni艣cyavana praises the earth. Satya is the son of Ni艣cyavana. Satya which blazes by flame determines time. Satya is known by another name Ni峁�k峁泃i. The Agni Svana spreads diseases. The Agnis called Vipulaprabha, Yat膩tm膩 and 叠谤补丑尘补肠腻谤颈 are invoked in simple domestic sacrifices by 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s. The awful fire Ba岣峚v膩gni is supported by life. The sixth son of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and 罢腻谤腻 is called 艢vetak峁泃. The oblation offered to this Agni is known as Udadv膩ra. 厂惫腻丑腻 was the daughter of C膩ndramas墨. 厂惫腻丑腻 had three sons. They are three Agnis called 碍腻尘腻驳苍颈, Amogha, and Ukthya. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 4).

Growing amorous on the wife of elder brother.

A story stating how 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 begot a son by the wife of Utathya is given in Skandha 9 of 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补. 惭补尘补迟腻, the wife of Utathya, was pregnant. 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had coition with her when her husband was away. The mother and the child in the womb who opposed the act of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 were cursed. 惭补尘补迟腻 gave birth to two children. Fearing that her husband might cast her out she left the son of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 in the forest and was about to go, when there was a divine voice from above, "M奴岣峢e, 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补mimam bhara dv膩ja峁� B峁沨aspate." "You senseless woman, bring up this one born of the two. 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, bring up this one born of the two." Hearing this ethereal voice 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 took the child and gave him the name 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补 and brought him up. After that the child was given to emperor Bharata. The famous archer 顿谤辞峁嘺 was the son of this 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补.

Personation of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈.

The enmity between the devas and asuras increased day by day. 艢耻办谤腻肠腻谤测补 the teacher of the asuras began to do penance before 艢颈惫补 in the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉, with a view to get a divine spell or incantation to destroy the devas. The duration of the penance was thousand years. Indra came to know of this secret and sent his daughter 闯补测补苍迟墨 to get the spell from 艢耻办谤补 by deceit. She stayed with 艢耻办谤补 as his disciple and servant. Thousand years passed by. 艢颈惫补 appeared before 艢耻办谤补 and gave him the spell, capable of destroying the devas. When he was about to return 闯补测补苍迟墨 accepted him as her husband. Because of his familiarity with her, of a long standing, he could not refuse her request. 艢耻办谤补 told her that he would become her husband, for a period of ten years and that during that period both of them would be invisible to the world. Thus the couple began an invisible life.

叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 thought of making the best use of this period. He personated himself as 艢耻办谤腻肠腻谤测补 and went to the Asuras, who thinking that their teacher had returned after a long penance gave him a loving and sincere welcome. 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 sat on the seat of 艢耻办谤腻肠腻谤测补 and began to exhort the asuras in such a manner that within the period of ten years he was able to remove factionalism and hatred from them.

At the expiry of ten years' invisible life 艢耻办谤补 returned having sent 闯补测补苍迟墨 away. The asuras saw two 艢耻办谤补s together and were amazed. They declared that the real 艢耻办谤补 was he who had been teaching them for the last ten years. Being dismayed at the ingratitude of the asuras he cursed them that they would shortly be destroyed and then left the place. At this juncture 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 also assumed his real form and returned to heaven. Thus the asuras became a people without a leader like sheep without a shepherd. At last they approached their teacher 艢耻办谤补 who became their teacher again, when they begged for his pardon. But he said that his curse could not be recalled. But he gave them absolution by saying that they would regain their lost power during the time of Manu 厂腻惫补谤峁噄. (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 4).

Cursing 搁腻惫补峁嘺.

Once 搁腻惫补峁嘺 was returning haughty and proud after having defeated the devas and conquered heaven, when Sulekh膩 the daughter of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, got terrified and ran away to hide herself from him. 搁腻惫补峁嘺 chased her and when she was caught he tried to ravish her. 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 got angry and cursed him. "You, who have grown rank by the dart of Cupid, will meet with death by the dart of 搁腻尘补". (Kampa 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, Yuddha 碍腻峁囜笉补).

叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and 贬补苍奴尘腻苍.

础帽箩补苍腻 the mother of 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 was a servant of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 in her previous birth. Her name then was Pu帽jik膩sthal墨. She once went to fetch water. At that time many 痴颈诲测腻诲丑补谤补 young people, both male and female, came there and engaged in amorous acts. Pu帽jik膩sthal墨 witnessed these love scenes for a long time and then returned home. It is mentioned in Kampa 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 cursed her to be born in the next birth as a female monkey.

础帽箩补苍腻 gave birth to 贬补苍奴尘腻苍. When he grew up 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 desired to learn Vedas and 艢腻蝉迟谤补蝉 (scriptures). 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 approached 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 to learn from him. But 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 was not prepared to teach a monkey who jumped about everywhere. The disappointed 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 went to the Sun, who asked him how it could be done by him as he was engaged in travelling without stop. 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 said that he would move in front of the sun always. Thus 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 who had been rejected by 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 became the disciple of the Sun. (Uttara 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺).

Other information.

(1) It is mentioned in 顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 1, that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 was the teacher of the hermit 艢耻办补.

(2) In Agni Pur膩峁嘺, Chapter 51, it is instructed that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 should be consecrated in temples as wearing a necklace of beads (Elaeo carpus seeds) and a water pot.

(3) Mention is made in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 169, Stanza 21 that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 gave 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补 膧驳苍别测腻蝉迟谤补 (the arrow of fire).

(4) During the period of emperor 笔峁泃丑耻, when the Earth-goddess was changed into a cow the gods employed 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 to milk the cow to obtain the things they needed. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 69).

(5) Once 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 gave 厂耻产谤补丑尘补峁噛补 a stick as a present. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 46).

(6) Once 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 advised Indra to use sweet words. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 84).

(7) Once 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 got angry with 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 at the sacrificial hall of Uparicaravasu. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 336, Stanza 14).

(8) 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 cursed the Jaladevat膩s (goddesses of water). (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 242, Stanza 27).

(9) 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and Candra are said to be 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 Kings. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础艣惫补尘别诲丑补 Parva, Chapter 9, Stanza 8).

Conclusion.

叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 was a deep thinker and one who had firm convictions in many matters. He was a man of vast knowledge. Every movement of the gods had its origin in the brains of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. There is no philosophy which does not contain the exhortations made by Bhaspati at various times to the devas (gods) or kings or hermits.

*) It is stated in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, Vana Parva, Chapter 218 that the mother of 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had another name, 艢耻产丑腻, and that 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 had six more brothers, born later, named B峁沨atk墨rti, B峁沨atjyoti, B峁沨adbrahm膩, B峁沨adman膩, B峁沨admantra, and B峁沨adbh膩sa and that 膧峁単颈谤补蝉墨 had the name 叠丑腻苍耻尘补迟墨 also.