Viparyasa, 痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Viparyasa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: VedaBase: 艢r墨mad Bh膩gavatam痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ) refers to 鈥渕isapprehension鈥�, as opposed to 苍颈艣肠补测补, 鈥渃orrect apprehension鈥�; both mentioned as characteristics of intelligence (buddhi) in the 艢r墨mad Bh膩gavatam 3.26.30.鈥擳he study to determine whether one's identity is spiritual or material begins in doubt. When one is able to analyze his actual position, the false identification with the body is detected. This is 惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补. When false identification is detected, then real identification can be understood. Real understanding is described here as 苍颈艣肠补测补, or proved experimental knowledge.
Vaishnava (啶掂啶粪啶｀さ, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ) refers to 鈥渇our mistakes鈥� regarding the four 鈥渇oundations of mindfulness鈥� (蝉尘峁泃测耻辫补蝉迟丑腻苍补), forming part of the thirty-seven auxiliaries to enlightenment (产辞诲丑颈辫腻办峁办补), according to the 2nd century Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra chapter XXXI.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he foundation of mindfulness (蝉尘峁泃测耻辫补蝉迟丑腻苍补) on the body (办腻测补) and the foundations of mindfulness on feeling (惫别诲补苍腻), mind (citta) and dharmas are the four foundations of mindfulness... The worldly person (辫峁泃丑补驳箩补苍补), who has not yet entered into the Path, is deluded about these four things and produces four mistakes (惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补): 1) the mistake that consists of taking what is impure to be pure; 2) the mistake that consists of taking what is suffering to be happy; 3) the mistake that consists of taking what is impermanent to be permanent; 4) the mistake that consists of taking what is not a 鈥榮elf鈥� to be a 鈥榮elf鈥欌��.
In order to destroy these four mistakes (惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补), the Buddha preached the four foundations of mindfulness:
- to destroy the mistake about purity (艣uci惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补), he preaches the foundation of mindfulness on the body (办腻测补-蝉尘峁泃测耻辫补蝉迟丑腻苍补);
- to destroy the mistake on happiness (sukha惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补), he preaches the foundation of mindfulness on feelings (惫别诲补苍腻-蝉尘峁泃测耻辫补蝉迟丑腻苍补);
- to destroy the mistake on permanence (nitya惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补), he preaches mindfulness on the mind (citta-蝉尘峁泃测耻辫补蝉迟丑腻苍补);
- to destroy the mistake on the self (膩tma惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补), he preaches the foundation of mindfulness on dharmas (dharma-蝉尘峁泃测耻辫补蝉迟丑腻苍补).
It is for this reason that he preached four, no more and no less.
: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ) refers to 鈥�(that which originate from) misunderstanding鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩: the eighth chapter of the Mah膩sa峁僴ip膩ta (a collection of Mah膩y膩na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸Bringing all beings to maturity (蝉补谤惫补蝉补迟惫补-辫补谤颈辫腻肠补苍补)] [...] Again he thinks: 鈥榳hat is called 鈥榣iving being鈥� is a misunderstanding. Because of being occupied with the view of cause, ignorance, existence, thirst, and unreal mental constructions, it is called 鈥榣iving being鈥�. However, the Bodhisattva still teaches the dharma to living beings in order to get rid of vices which originate from misunderstanding (惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补-samutthita-kle艣aprah膩峁嘺), and he does not forget substances. Since he is devoid of a living being, and detached from a living being, he brings living beings to maturity. Thus the Bodhisattva brings living beings to maturity by the original purity鈥�.
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ).鈥擶hat is the meaning of 惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补? Wrong imagination or thinking is called 惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补. according to the 2nd-century Tattv膩rthas奴tra 1.32, 鈥淥wing to lack of discrimination between the real and the unreal, wrong knowledge is whimsical as that of a lunatic鈥�.
How many type of 惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 are there? There are three types namely: i. cause; ii. nature and iii. identical-cum-different.
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ) refers to 鈥渃hange for the worse鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸com.鈥擭ext he speaks about their change for the worse (惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补)]鈥擳hose who are former friends (i.e. friends in a former life) are seen in life here endowed with enmity, having eyes filled with anger [and] prepared to kill鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ).鈥攎 S Contrariety or oppositeness. 2 Reverse &c. It signifies as detailed above under viparyaya. 3 Change or alteration, especially deterioration.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ).鈥�m Contrariety; reverse; dete- rioration. Misrepresentation.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ).鈥�
1) Change; 啶曕ぅ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ啶距う啷嵿ぇ啷佮え啷嵿ぇ啷佮ぎ啶距ぐ啶む啶掂ぎ啶距啶む (katha峁� n膩ma vipary膩s膩ddhundhum膩ratvam膩gata岣�) Mah膩bh膩rata (Bombay) 3.21.6.; contrariety, reverse; 啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ啶� 啶ぞ啶む 啶樴え啶掂た啶班げ- 啶ぞ啶掂 啶曕啶粪た啶むた啶班啶灌ぞ啶 (惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补峁� y膩to ghanavirala- bh膩va岣� k峁tiruh膩m) Uttarar膩macarita 2.27.
2) Adverseness, unfavourableness; as in 啶︵啶掂さ啶苦お啶班啶ぞ啶膏ぞ啶む (诲补颈惫补惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉腻迟).
3) Interchange, exchange; 啶啶班さ啶灌ぃ啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ啷囙え啶距啶むぞ (辫谤补惫补丑补峁嘺惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉别苍腻驳补迟腻) M峁沜chaka峁璱ka 8.
4) An error, a mistake.
5) Expiration, lapse (of time).
6) Deterioration, death.
Derivable forms: 惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补岣� (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ啶�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ) or Viparyy膩sa.鈥攎.
(-蝉补岣�) 1. Contrariety, opposition. 2. Reverse. 3. Investing imaginary things with real attributes, imagining what is unreal or false to be real or true. E. vi and pari, before as to be, aff. 驳丑补帽.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ).鈥攊. e. vi-pari-as + a, m. 1. Reverse (cf. the two last), [Uttara R膩macarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 96, 15; interchange, ib. 47, 6 (ghana-virala-bh膩va岣� k峁tiruh膩峁� y膩to 惫颈辫补谤测腻蝉补m, As for the trees, their state of being close together, or scanty, has interchanged, i. e. where there were before plenty of trees, there are at present few, and vice vers膩). 2. Error, mistake, Bh膩峁Ｄ乸. 136; [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 129, 5. 3. Investing imaginary things with real attributes.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ).鈥擺masculine] upsetting (of a carriage), transposition, expiration (of a time); inversion etc. = viparyaya.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ):鈥擺=惫颈-辫补谤测腻蝉补] [from vipary-as] m. overturning, overthrow, upsetting (of a car), [G峁沨ya-s奴tra]
2) [v.s. ...] transposition, transportation, [Mah膩bh膩rata]
3) [v.s. ...] expiration, lapse (of time), [Mah膩bh膩rata]
4) [v.s. ...] exchange, inversion, change, interchange, [???; Mah膩bh膩rata] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] reverse, contrariety, opposition, opposite of (e.g. stuti-v, the opposite of praise id est. blame), [Mah膩bh膩rata; K膩vya literature] etc.
6) [v.s. ...] change for the worse, deterioration, [Mah膩bh膩rata]
7) [v.s. ...] death, [R膩m膩ya峁嘺]
8) [v.s. ...] perverseness, [R膩jatara峁単i峁嚹玗
9) [v.s. ...] error, mistake, delusion, imagining what is unreal or false to be real or true, [K膩vya literature; Bh膩峁Ｄ乸ariccheda; 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ):鈥擺惫颈-辫补谤测腻+蝉补] < [惫颈-辫补谤测腻蝉补] (蝉补岣�) 1. m. Idem; reverse.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: 痴颈辫辫补谤颈测腻蝉补, 痴颈惫补肠肠腻蝉补, 痴颈惫补箩箩腻蝉补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ):鈥�(nm) upsetting, disarray; contrariety; interchange; peripeteia/reversal (of the situation).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (嗖掂部嗖舶喑嵿帛嗖距哺):鈥�
1) [noun] an impeding, obstructing; impediment; obstruction; an adverse,unfavourable condition.
2) [noun] the act or an instance of interchanging.
3) [noun] a mistake; an error; a fault.
4) [noun] the act or fact of dying; end of one鈥檚 life; death.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary痴颈辫补谤测腻蝉补 (啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶距じ):鈥攏. 1. change; contrariety; reverse; 2. adverseness; unfavorableness; 3. interchange; exchange; 4. error; mistake;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Viparyasam, Viparyasana, Viparyasopama.
Full-text (+24): Viparyasopama, Aviparyasam, Viparyasam, Dashaviparyasa, Kathaviparyasa, Vidhiviparyasa, Shuciviparyasa, Sukhaviparyasa, Nityaviparyasa, Atmaviparyasa, Mativiparyasa, Vipariyacam, Vippariyasa, Viprayasa, Vivajjasa, Nirjaya, Nirjiti, Vivaccasa, Gativiparyasa, Viparyas.
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