Svatantrya, 厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补, Svatamtrya: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Svatantrya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く).鈥擨ndependence claimed by Jayadevas who were punished for doing so.*
- * V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 67. 18.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く).鈥擨ndependence, or autonomy as a characteristic of the agent (啶曕ぐ啷嵿い啶� (办补谤迟腻)); cf. 啶曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶曕ぐ啷嵿い啶班た 啶曕ぐ啷嵿い啷冟い啷嵿さ啶じ啷嵿い啶苦イ 啶曕啶む啷� 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く啶膏啶� 啶掂た啶掂啷嵿し啶苦い啶む啶掂ぞ啶む 啷� 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く啷囙ぃ啷堗さ啶距い啷嵿ぐ 啶曕ぐ啷嵿い啶� 啶掂た啶掂啷嵿し啶苦い啶� 啷� (karmakartari kart峁泃vamasti| kuta岣 蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补sya vivak峁tatv腻迟 | sv腻迟antrye峁嘺iv腻迟ra 办补谤迟腻 vivak峁ta岣� |) M.Bh. on P. III. 1. 87 Vart.5.
Vyakarana (啶掂啶ぞ啶曕ぐ啶�, vy膩kara峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
: archive.org: Vagbhata鈥檚 Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) refers to 鈥渋ndependence鈥�, and is mentioned in verse 2.44 of the 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补丑峁沝补测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 (S奴trasth膩na) by 痴腻驳产丑补峁璦.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] excessive attachment to liquor; and confidence in, and independence [viz., 蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补] from, women: (all these things) one shall eschew. In all activities of a wise (man) the world alone (is) his teacher鈥�.
Note: 厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (鈥渋ndependence鈥�) has been rendered ra峁�-dba峁� gyur-pa, lit. 鈥渢he having become, being, independent鈥�. The variant gyur-pas in NP is unclear and, at any rate, does not agree with the original; it may perhaps be understood this way: 鈥渃onfidence in women one shall eschew by independence (from them)鈥�.
膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) means 鈥渢o obtain independence鈥�, according to the Maitryupani峁d.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淰erily there are two Brahmans to be meditated upon: sound (艣补产诲补) and non-sound (a艣补产诲补). Now non-sound is revealed only by sound. Now, in this case the Sound-Brahman is O峁�. Ascending by it, one comes to an end in non-sound... This is immortality... As a spider mounting up by means of his thread (tantu) obtains free space, thus, assuredly, indeed, does that meditator, mounting up by means of O峁�, obtain independence (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补).... Passing beyond this variously characterized Sound-Brahman, men disappear into the supreme, the non-sound, the unmanifest Brahman鈥�.
Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaiva philosophy
: archive.org: Chittanubodha Shastram By Bhaskara Kantha厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) refers to the 鈥渁bsolute freedom鈥� (of 艢iva).鈥擳he Kashmir 艢aiva thinkers believe in pluralism because not all human beings are alike and the different paths and Philosophies are meant for different kinds of people. [...] The dynamism of the world flows from the very heart of vibrative Consciousness or spanda. This is also related to the conception of 艢iva鈥檚 艢aktis or dynamic Energies. The 艢aktis are not separate from 艢iva, hence there is complete advaita or non-duality, but they manifest his creative activity flowing out, as well as the cognitive activity flowing back to the source (颈肠肠丑腻, 箩帽腻苍补 and 办谤颈测腻-艣补办迟颈蝉). The 艢aktis have the power both to conceal and to reveal the Supreme Reality. 艢iva himself is absolute Freedom (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补), and if he creates, he creates out of this freedom and overflowing bliss.
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) refers to 鈥�(an expression of) consciousness鈥檚 freedom鈥�.鈥擺...] Thus according to the 艢aiva non-dualists, consciousness is not a mirror passively reflecting a world of objects existing independently of it, and phenomenal variety, far from being the mere reflection of such an external world, is an expression of consciousness鈥檚 freedom (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补) to manifest itself in an infinite variety of forms while playfully hiding its fundamental unity. The Sautr膩ntika is therefore wrong to assume that phenomenal variety and its spatio-temporal sequence (办腻濒补诲别艣补办谤补尘补) can only be explained by postulating an external cause, since they can be accounted for as the result of the freedom of consciousness鈥攁 freedom which, contrary to an external object, is experienced by all conscious beings, for example when they imagine.
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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) refers to 鈥渁utonomy鈥�, according to the 莫艣varapratyabhij帽膩viv峁泃ivimar艣in墨 (KSTS vol. 65, 327鈥�331).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭his is said [already in the 莫艣varapratyabhij帽膩vimar艣in墨]: when the [true] I-sense, due to the power of the realization of its all-pervasiveness, eternality, etc., through the [scriptural] indication of its [innate] autonomy (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补-di艣膩), emerges as it were from the objectified [levels of limited selfhood]鈥擵oid etc.鈥攁nd abides [in its real nature], then that is the state [called] the Fourth. Nevertheless [in that state] the impressions of the Void, etc., still remain. Thus this has exactly the same [nature] as [that which is called] the 鈥榮eparated 迟耻谤测腻迟墨迟补鈥欌赌�
Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) refers to 鈥�(dividing oneself) of one鈥檚 own free will鈥�, as discussed in chapter 4 of the 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P膩帽car腻迟ra text comprising some 2600 Sanskrit verses covering topics such as initiation (诲墨办峁Ｄ�) and the construction, decoration and consecration of temples and icons, as well as routines of regular and special worship cycles.鈥擠escription of the chapter [蝉峁涐梗峁璱-补诲丑测腻测补]: [...] As for Sa峁僰ar峁峁嘺, etc., these modes of existence are explained in terms of their origins in V膩sudeva Who so divided Himself of His own Free will [蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补]; the modes are described (9b-18). These modes in turn, each produced other forms鈥攁nd these are respectively named. In the course of naming these latter forms, their ornaments and entourages are also identified (19-31). [...]
Pancaratra (啶ぞ啶炧啶氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p膩帽car腻迟ra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Wikisource: Ashtavakra Gita厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く) refers to 鈥渋nner freedom鈥�, according to the A峁ａ弓膩vakrag墨t膩 (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Ved膩nta topics.鈥擜ccordingly, [as A峁ａ弓avakra says to Janaka]: 鈥淸...] By inner freedom (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补) one attains happiness, by inner freedom (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补) one reaches the Supreme, by inner freedom (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补) one comes to absence of thought, by inner freedom (蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补) to the Ultimate State. When one sees oneself as neither the doer nor the reaper of the consequences, then all mind waves come to an end. [...]鈥�.
Vedanta (啶掂啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ啶�, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶む啶む啶班啶�).鈥攏 S Independence, absoluteness, freeness, uncontrolled or unsubjected state. 2 (Reproachfully.) Self-willedness, wilfulness, refractoriness, contumaciousness, unruliness.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶む啶む啶班啶�).鈥�n Independence. Wilfulness.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く).鈥擺svatantrasya bh膩va岣� 峁补帽]
1) Freedom of will, independence; 啶� 啶膏啶む啶班 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く啶ぐ啷嵿す啶むた (na str墨 蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补marhati) Manusm峁泃i 9.3; 啶� 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く啶� 啶曕啶掂啶苦い啷� 啶膏啶む啶班た啶ぞ啶� (na 蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补峁� kvacit striy膩岣�) Y.1.85.
2) (In phil.) Free will.
Derivable forms: 蝉惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补m (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く啶).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く).鈥攏.
(-苍迟谤测补峁�) Wilfulness, independence. E. svatantra self-willed, 峁补帽 aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く).鈥攊. e. sva-tantra + ya, n. 1. Independence, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 9, 3; [Bhart峁沨ari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 92. 2. Wilfulness, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 5, 147 (mere pleasure, Jones).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く).鈥擺neuter] self-dependence, free will; [instrumental] spontaneously, freely.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く):鈥�n. ([from] sva-tantra) the following one鈥檚 own will, freedom of the will, independence (腻迟 and ena, 鈥榖y one鈥檚 own will, of one鈥檚 own free choice, voluntarily, freely鈥�), [L膩峁瓂膩yana; Maitr墨-upani峁d; Mah膩bh膩rata etc.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く):鈥�(苍迟测谤补峁�) 1. n. Idem.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionarySv腻迟a峁僼rya (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶む啶む啶班啶�) [Also spelled swatantray]:鈥�(nm) freedom, independence, liberty; ~[priya] freedom-loving; -[蝉补峁僩丑补谤峁/蝉补尘补谤补] freedom fight, independence struggle; -[蝉别苍腻苍墨] a freedom fighter.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusSv腻迟a峁僼rya (嗖膏硩嗖掂簿嗖む矀嗖む硩嗖班硩嗖�):鈥擺noun] liberation from the control, restriction, restraint, compulsion, etc. of some other person or some arbitrary power; liberty; independence; freedom.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 (啶膏啶掂ぞ啶むえ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿く):鈥攏. 鈫� 啶膏啶掂い啶ㄠ啶む啶班い啶� [蝉惫补迟补苍迟谤补迟腻]
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Shva.
Starts with: Svatamtryasamgrama.
Full-text (+18): Asvatantrya, Vyaktisvatantrya, Icchasvatamtrya, Prajasvatamtrya, Svatamtryasamgrama, Patrikasvatamtrya, Chattrabhanga, Purnasvatantrya, Swatantrya, Svatantriyam, Shabdasvatantryavada, Swatantray, Bhashan, Sevaka, Bhashana, Cuvatantiriyam, Vicar, Vimarsha, Maat, Vicara.
Relevant text
Search found 38 books and stories containing Svatantrya, 厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补, Sv腻迟a峁僼rya, Sv膩-tantrya, Svatamtrya, Sva-tantrya, Sva-tamtrya, Sv膩-ta峁僼rya; (plurals include: Svatantryas, 厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补s, Sv腻迟a峁僼ryas, tantryas, Svatamtryas, tamtryas, ta峁僼ryas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Pratyabhijna and Shankara鈥檚 Advaita (comparative study) (by Ranjni M.)
3.1. 厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补 of 艢iva < [Chapter 4 - Ultimate Reality and God in Pratyabhij帽膩 and Advaita]
2.1. The concept of Absoluteness (Akha峁囜笉at膩) < [Chapter 4 - Ultimate Reality and God in Pratyabhij帽膩 and Advaita]
4. The Theory of Causality < [Chapter 3 - The nature of Universe and Individual Self in Pratybhij帽膩 and Advaita]
Principle of Shakti in Kashmir Shaivism (Study) (by Nirmala V.)
Part 8 - Cosmology, Ontology and Soteriology in terms of 艢akti < [Chapter 6 - Social and Philosophical implications of 艢akti in Kashmir 艢aivism]
Part 2.1 - The Metaphysical Motifs of 艢akti < [Chapter 2 - The form and functions of 艢akti in Kashmir 艢aivism]
Part 9 - Re-presenting 鈥榁ibrating Consciousness鈥� as 鈥榁ibration of Consciousness鈥� < [Chapter 3 - Evolution of 艢akti in Kashmir 艢aivism]
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 241-242 [S奴rya enjoys Bliss with grace of 艢akti] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimar艣a]
Part 12 - Uniqueness of reflection (pratibimba) < [Philosophy of Kashmir Tantric System]
Part 5 - 厂惫腻迟补苍迟谤测补鈥擲elf-created free will < [Krama system and Trika school]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Journal of the European Ayurvedic Society (by Inge Wezler)
Biology in Bhaskarakantha鈥檚 Cittanubodhasastra < [Volume 3 (1993)]
The concept of Mind in the Major Upanishads (by Gisha K. Narayanan)
9(b). Different Names of Praj帽膩 < [Chapter 4 - The concept of Mind in the Major Upani峁ds]