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The Sanskrit term 笔补谤奴峁�a can be transliterated into English as Parusa or Parusha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し).鈥擜 R腻k峁�asa (demon). He was one among the twelve demons who supported Khara when the latter fought against 艢r墨 R腻ma. (Sarga 26, Ara峁噛a K腻峁囜笉a, V腻lm墨ki 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺).

context information

The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)

: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India

笔补谤奴峁�a (啶�啶班�傕し) refers to Grewia asiatica, and is mentioned in a list of potential causes for indigestion in the 17th century Bhojanakut奴hala (诲谤补惫测补驳耻峁嚹錱耻峁嘺-办补迟丑补苍补), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as 笔腻办补艣腻蝉迟谤补 or 笔腻办补办补濒腻.鈥擜 complete section in Bhojanakut奴hala is devoted for the description of agents that cause indigestion [viz., 辫补谤奴峁�a (Grewia asiatica)]. These agents consumed on a large scale can cause indigestion for certain people. The remedies [viz., 辫颈肠耻尘补苍诲补产墨箩补 (nimb tree)] for these types of indigestions are also explained therewith.

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し) refers to 鈥渞ough skin鈥�, according to the 15th century 惭腻迟补峁単补濒墨濒腻 composed by N墨laka峁囜弓ha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient  India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.鈥擺Cf. chapter 5, 鈥渙n marks of the stages of life鈥漖: 鈥�17. With little (bodily) fire and gall, and much wind; having stiff limbs, and rough skin (辫补谤耻峁�a-肠肠丑补惫颈); his limbs not very mobile, with abundant phlegm and faded color, now he has reached the seventh stage鈥�.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し):鈥擱ough; the property of the substance which causes hardness

context information

膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し) refers to a 鈥渟harp-rayed lunar disc鈥�, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 4), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var腻hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁�a).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淚f the lunar disc be of ashy colour, of sharp rays [i.e., 辫补谤耻峁�a] or red, or rayless, or red black, or appear broken there will be fear of hunger, of war, of disease and of robbers. If the lunar disc should appear white and of the colour of the snow, of Kunda, of Kumuda and of crystal he brings prosperity on the land鈥�.

context information

Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し) refers to 鈥渉arsh (words)鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻: the eighth chapter of the Mah腻sa峁僴ip腻ta (a collection of Mah腻y腻na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭hen, they [the twenty-four types of 辫谤补迟颈产丑腻苍补鈥斺�榚loquence鈥橾 are accomplished by means of the following twenty-four preparations (parikarma). What are the twenty-four? [...] (13) he becomes one who has unassailable eloquence since he never despise the poor, the suffering and the unprotected; (14) he becomes one who has imperishable eloquence on teaching the analysis of words since he applies himself to the dharma of others and gives imperishable treasures; (15) he becomes one whose eloquence is luminous and splendid since he is endowed with the actions of true words, complete words, and no harsh word (辫补谤耻峁�a-vacana); [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah腻y腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し) refers to 鈥渉arsh (speech)鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淪peech that is untrue [and] harsh (辫补谤耻峁�a), that is the abode of censure [and] gives instruction about the wrong path, is to be considered to produce bad influx of karma. One who is restrained continually accumulates good karma by the activity of the body through his body which is well-controlled or by abandoning the body鈥�.

Synonyms: Ka峁環ora.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Biology (plants and animals)

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Parusa in India is the name of a plant defined with Grewia asiatica in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices.

2) Parusa in Indonesia is also identified with Abrus precatorius It has the synonym Abrus abrus (L.) W. Wight, nom. illeg. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1995)
· Familles des Plantes (1763)
· Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines (1932)
· Commentariorum de Plantis Africae Australioris (1836)
· Systema Naturae, (1767)
· Contributions from the United States National Herbarium (1905)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Parusa, for example pregnancy safety, chemical composition, extract dosage, diet and recipes, health benefits, side effects, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

辫补谤奴峁�a (啶�啶班�傕し).鈥攁 S Harsh, rough, violent--speech. 2 Cruel, rugged, savage--a person or an act.

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par奴sa (啶�啶班�傕じ).鈥攏 An enclosure around a house; a compound or yard, esp. the back part.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

辫补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し).鈥�a Harsh, rough. Cruel, rugged.

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parusa (啶�啶班�佮じ).鈥�n An enclosure around a house.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し).鈥�a. [辫峁�-耻峁�a苍]

1) Hard, rough, rugged, stiff (opp. 尘峁沝耻 or 艣濒补办峁ａ箛补); 啶�啶班�佮し啶� 啶氞ぐ啷嵿ぎ, 啶�啶班�佮し啶� 啶�啶距げ啶� (辫补谤耻峁�a峁� carma, paru峁Ｄ� m腻l腻) &c.

2) Harsh, abusive, severe, unkind, cruel, stern (as words); (惫腻办) 啶呧お啶班�佮し啶� 啶�啶班�佮し啶距�曕�嵿し啶班ぎ啷�啶班た啶むぞ (aparu峁Ｄ� paru峁Ｄ錵峁�aram墨rit腻) R.9.8; Pa帽catantra (Bombay) 1.5; said also of a person; 啶膏�嵿え啶苦�椸�嵿ぇ啷� 啶�啶む�� 啶�啶班�佮し啶距じ啶� (snigdhe yat paru峁Ｄ錽i) G墨tagovinda 9; Y.1.31.

3) Harsh or disagreeable to the ear (as a sound &c.); 啶む�囙�� 啶掂�溹�嵿ぐ啶�啶班�佮し啶膏�嵿さ啶ㄠ�� 啶оえ啷佮�� (tena vajra辫补谤耻峁�asvana峁� dhanu岣�) R.11.46; Meghad奴ta 63.

4) Rough, coarse, rough to the touch, shaggy (as hair); 啶多�佮う啷嵿ぇ啶膏�嵿え啶距え啶距い啷� 啶�啶班�佮し- 啶�啶侧�曕ぎ啷� (艣uddhasn腻n腻t 辫补谤耻峁�a- malakam) Meghad奴ta 92.

5) Sharp, violent, strong, keen, piercing (wind &c.); 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿�椸�氞�嵿�涏い啶膏�嵿い啷� 啶多�曕�嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿�� 啶�啶班�佮し啶� 啶�啶掂え啷� 啶掂さ啷� (nirgacchatastu 艣akrasya 辫补谤耻峁�a岣� pavano vavau) R腻m.7.28. 28; 啶�啶班�佮し啶�啶掂え啶掂�囙�椸�嬥い啷嵿�曕�嵿し啶苦お啷嵿い啶膏�傕ざ啷佮し啷嵿�曕お啶班�嵿ぃ啶� (辫补谤耻峁�apavanavegotk峁�iptasa峁兣泆峁�kapar峁嘺岣�) Rs.1.22;2.28.

6) Gross.

7) Dirty.

8) Spotted, variegated.

9) Ved. Knotted.

1) Similar; L. D. B.

-峁�a尘 A harsh or abusive speech, abuse.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し).鈥攎fn.

(-峁�a岣�-峁Ｄ�-峁�a峁�) 1. Harsh, abusive, (speech.) 2. Rough, rugged. 3. Severe, cruel, unkind. 4. Variegated in colour. 5. Shaggy, rough to the touch. 6. Sharp, piercing. n.

(-峁�a峁�) 1. Harsh and contumelious speech, abuse. 2. Yellow Barleria. m.

(-峁�a岣�) A sort of tree, (Xylocarpus granatum.) E. 辫峁� to fill or satisfy, 耻峁�a苍 Unadi aff.

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笔补谤奴峁�a (啶�啶班�傕し).鈥攎.

(-峁�a岣�) The Parush tree: see 辫补谤耻峁�a; also with kan added 辫补谤奴峁�aka. E. 辫峁�-奴峁�an .

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し).鈥攊. e. parus + a, adj., f. 峁Ｄ�. 1. Knotty, huge, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 142. 2. Variegated, spotted. 3. Soiled, [搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺] 2, 71, 34. 4. Rough, rugged, [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 4, 308. 5. Harsh, Mah腻bh腻rata 1, 7090. 6. Severe, B枚htl. Ind. Spr. 1314. 7. Coarse, [Y腻j帽avalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 1, 309.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し).鈥�([feminine] old 辫补谤耻峁ａ箛墨) knotty (reed), bristly, shaggy (hair); spotted, many-coloured, dirty; piercing, keen, rough, harsh. 鈥擺masculine] reed, arrow; [feminine] 辫补谤耻峁ａ箛墨 cloud, [Name] of a river; [neuter] sgl. & [plural] harsh language.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し):鈥擺from paru] a mf(腻)n. (older f. 辫补谤耻峁ａ箛墨) knotty (as reed), [Atharva-veda]

2) [v.s. ...] spotted, variegated, dirty-coloured, [峁歡-veda] etc. etc.

3) [v.s. ...] hard, stiff, rugged, rough, uneven, shaggy, [Mah腻bh腻rata; K腻vya literature] etc.

4) [v.s. ...] intertwined with creepers (as a tree), [Kath腻sarits腻gara]

5) [v.s. ...] piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind, [ib.] (am ind.)

6) [v.s. ...] m. a reed, [Atharva-veda]

7) [v.s. ...] an arrow, [艢腻峁卥h腻yana-艣rauta-s奴tra; L腻峁瓂腻yana]

8) [v.s. ...] Grewia Asiatica or Xylocarpus Granatum, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) [v.s. ...] Name of a demon, [Supar峁嚹錮hy腻ya]

10) 笔补谤耻峁Ｄ� (啶�啶班�佮し啶�):鈥擺from 辫补谤耻峁�a > paru] f. a kind of riddle, [Monier-Williams鈥� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

11) 笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し):鈥擺from paru] n. harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, [Mah腻bh腻rata; K腻vya literature] etc.

12) [v.s. ...] the fruit of Grewia Asiatica or Xylocarpus Granatum, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) [v.s. ...] a species of Barleria with blue flowers, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) 笔补谤奴峁�a (啶�啶班�傕し):鈥擺from paru] m. Grewia Asiatica (from the berries of which a cooling beverage is prepared) or Xylocarpus Granatum, [Su艣ruta]

15) 笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し):鈥攃 See under paru.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し):鈥�(峁�a峁�) 1. n. Harshness, abuse. m. Yellow barleria (Hylocarpus granatum.) a. Harsh, abusive; rough, severe; variegated.

2) 笔补谤奴峁�a (啶�啶班�傕し):鈥�(峁�a岣�) 1. m. The Parush tree.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Parusa, Pharusa, Pharusaga.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

笔补谤奴峁�a (啶�啶班�傕し):鈥�(a) hard, harsh, severe; unpleasant; rough; unkind, cruel, pitiless; hard-hearted; —[vacana] harsh/rough words, unpleasant utterance; hence [par奴峁Ｄ�] (feminine form) see [辫补谤奴峁�a] a shrew.

context information

...

Prakrit-English dictionary

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Parusa (啶�啶班�佮じ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: 笔补谤耻峁�a.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Paru艣a (嗖�嗖班硜嗖�):鈥擺noun] = 嗖�嗖班硜嗖� [parusa].

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笔补谤耻峁�a (嗖�嗖班硜嗖�):鈥擺noun] = 嗖�嗖班硜嗖� [parusa].

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笔补谤耻峁�a (嗖�嗖班硜嗖�):鈥�

1) [adjective] characterised by violent action, motion, agitation, disturbance or irregularity; rough.

2) [adjective] harsh or grating to the ears; grating.

3) [adjective] willfully or knowingly causing pain or distress to others; cruel; ruthless; merciless.

4) [adjective] having a very thin edge or fine point; keen; sharp.

5) [adjective] frightening; terrifying; frightful.

6) [adjective] hard to solve or explain; puzzling; knotty.

7) [adjective] soiled; unclean; dirty.

8) [adjective] having or consisting of spots of different colours; variegated.

--- OR ---

笔补谤耻峁�a (嗖�嗖班硜嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] the quality of being rough; roughness.

2) [noun] an enemy; a foe; an antagonist; an adversary.

3) [noun] the act or an instance of stealing; theft; larceny.

4) [noun] courage; bravery; boldness.

5) [noun] gold.

6) [noun] the quality or state of being clean; cleanliness.

7) [noun] harsh and contumelious speech.

8) [noun] (gram.) any of the harsh letters as 嗖�, 嗖�, 嗖�, 嗖�, 嗖�, [ka, ca, ta, ta, pa,] etc.

9) [noun] (rhet.) a kind of rhyming with aspirated letters as 嗖�, 嗖�, 嗖�, 嗖�, [kha, gha, cha, jha,] etc.

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Parusa (嗖�嗖班硜嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] a touching or being touched; a physical contact; a touch.

2) [noun] a kind of stone believed to convert any base metal into gold by its physical contact.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

笔补谤耻峁�a (啶�啶班�佮し):鈥攁dj. 1. rough; 2. keen (as wing); 3. harsh; stem; 4. coarse; abusive;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with (+9): Parushacarman, Parushacchavi, Parushada, Parushaghana, Parushahva, Parushai, Parushaka, Parushakani, Parushakshara, Parushaksharam, Parushakshepa, Parusham, Parushana, Parushanamgey, Parushanrita, Parusharasa, Parushas, Parushata, Parushatara, Parushatva.

Full-text (+68): Parushokti, Parushas, Parushakshara, Parushavacana, Parushetara, Samrambhaparusha, Parusham, Parushakshepa, Aparusha, Parushavac, Locanaparusha, Shravanaparusha, Suparusha, Nishparusha, Parushakani, Parushavritti, Parushatara, Parushavedi, Parushacarman, Parushavadin.

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Search found 64 books and stories containing Parusha, 笔补谤奴峁�a, Parusa, Par奴sa, 笔补谤耻峁�a, 笔补谤耻峁Ｄ�, Paru艣a; (plurals include: Parushas, 笔补谤奴峁�as, Parusas, Par奴sas, 笔补谤耻峁�as, 笔补谤耻峁Ｄ錽, Paru艣as). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verse 6.7.9 < [Chapter 7 - The Marriage of 艢r墨 Rukmi峁嚹玗

Verse 2.18.19 < [Chapter 18 - The Sight of 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺candra]

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Jnaneshwari (Bhavartha Dipika) (by Ramchandra Keshav Bhagwat)

Verse 16.4 < [Chapter 16 - Daivasura-sampad-vibhaga-yoga]

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A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)

Page 208 < [Volume 12 (1912)]

Page 468 < [Volume 24 (1918)]

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Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)

Rig Veda 5.27.5 < [Sukta 27]

Rig Veda 9.15.6 < [Sukta 15]

Rig Veda 10.53.1 < [Sukta 53]

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Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)

Part 8 - R腻ja艣ekhara and Pr腻k峁沬ta Language < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]

Part 4.2 - Ascertaintion and Division of K腻ku (poetic intonation) < [Chapter 5 - Analyasis and Interpretations of the K腻vyam墨m腻峁僺腻]

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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D腻sa)

Text 9.11 < [Chapter 9 - Ornaments of Sound]

Text 8.13 < [Chapter 8 - Literary Qualities]

Text 7.121 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]

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