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Det Hinduiska konceptet van 'Kroppsstraff'

In Hinduism, the concept of "Kroppsstraff" (physical punishment) appears across various texts and traditions, with differing views on its application and acceptance. In Vaishnavism, a form of physical discipline was employed, such as the one used to subdue Kaliya, demonstrating a corrective action. ^[1] The Puranas discuss penalties, suggesting that they should be proportional to the offense and determined by the situation, reflecting a sense of justice. ^[2] The threat of such punishment also existed, as illustrated by the palanquin-bearers' fear of the king, showing its role in maintaining order and obedience. Moreover, physical punishment served as a disciplinary measure, as prescribed by ancient texts, highlighting its use in societal regulation.

In the context of Kavya, physical punishment was a response to wrongdoing, even emphasizing caste equality, suggesting its application in diverse social scenarios. Dharmashastra texts offer a comprehensive view, noting physical punishment as an exception when trying to correct wrongdoers. ^[3] It also describes it as a disciplinary measure for wrongdoing, often associated with legal penalties. ^[4] Interestingly, it prohibits physical punishment for pupils, with exceptions for necessary corrections, indicating a nuanced approach to discipline. ^[5]

There are restrictions on physical punishment, such as for Brahmanas, reflecting their high status, suggesting that certain castes are protected from it. ^[6] The Dharmashastras also specify that such punishment should be inflicted for adultery, with specific exemptions for certain groups, showing exceptions based on societal roles. ^[7] Severe punishments, like imprisonment, are also discussed for those who engage in illicit trade. ^[8] Physical punishment is presented as necessary for maintaining law and order, as per the Scriptures. ^[9]

The legal consequences of actions often involved physical punishment. ^[10] For instance, a Shudra could face physical punishment for abusing others, demonstrating the power dynamics and hierarchical structure. ^[11] Exemptions are also noted for certain groups, such as the wives of minstrels, in cases of adultery. ^[12] It is often reserved for serious crimes. ^[13] Furthermore, the texts emphasize that physical punishment is never to be inflicted on a Brahmana. ^[14] The king inflicts it as a consequence for crimes. ^[15] It is also imposed for educational and social contexts. ^[16]

The severity of physical punishment varies, including actions like cutting off hands and feet. ^[17] This punishment is a consequence of the offender's actions. ^[18] It is also intended to inflict pain as a consequence for an offense. ^[19] The intent of such punishment is to deter wrongdoing. ^[20] Generally, it is applied to all except Brahmanas. ^[21] Stealing a large quantity of grain could lead to physical punishment or death. ^[22] It is a penalty for committing a crime. ^[23] It can be applied to the perpetrator of a crime, especially when it involves a higher caste. ^[24] It is never inflicted on a Brahmana. ^[25]

Physical penalties are also imposed for those of low birth who overstep their boundaries. ^[26] Those who break the law or disobey the king face such punishment. ^[27] It may be an alternative to a fine in cases of theft. ^[28] In some contexts, it can absolve the sin. ^[29] The punishment can include amputation. ^[30] Traders who use false measures also face physical penalties. ^[31] Thieves could also face physical punishment. ^[32] It is forbidden for Brahmanas, though it may still result in moral absolution. ^[33]

The king has a duty to administer such punishment. ^[34] The punishment is prescribed for low-born individuals who harass a Brahmana. ^[35] Physical penalties reflect the severity of theft. ^[36] The Yajnavalkyasmriti also outlines physical punishments for theft and related offences. The negligence of a herdsman could also lead to physical punishment. In many instances, physical penalties were severe and disproportionate towards Shudras.

Det Jain konceptet van 'Kroppsstraff'

In jainism, kroppsstraff concerns how to handle transgressions among the twins ^[37]. This concept is important.

Furthermore, it also refers to physical harm that monks experience. They must endure it and not have sinful thoughts ^[38]. This is a core tenet of Jain practice.

Begreppet 'Kroppsstraff' i lokala och regionala k盲llor

Kroppsstraff, a Swedish concept, shows physical punishment's varying history. In South Asia, it was avoided by kings, favoring fines instead ^[39]. Another case details how it was considered non-existent within the society's norms.

In Indian history, it was a common disciplinary tool, especially in schools ^[40].