Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from streptomyces sp
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from streptomyces sp
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Renu Solanki, Aditi Kundu, Payal Das and Monisha Khanna
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from streptomyces sp
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Actinomycetes, particularly members of the genus Streptomyces, are crucial sources of biologically active secondary metabolites, including a wide range of antimicrobial compounds. This research focuses on isolating and characterizing antimicrobial compounds from actinomycete cultures to address the growing issue of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The study employed solvent extraction and advanced techniques such as Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to identify the structure and function of the isolated compounds, revealing their potential applications in combating drug-resistant infections.
Structural Characterization of Compound L3.41
The compound from actinomycete culture L3.41 was identified as Actinomycin D, a well-known polypeptide antibiotic. Through both NMR and MS analyses, the research established that this compound has a molecular weight of 1255 g/mol, matching that of Actinomycin D. The NMR spectra indicated the presence of specific amide protons and the characteristic phenoxazinone chromophore associated with actinomycins. The mass fragmentation pattern revealed additional information, confirming its structural identity as Actinomycin D, which exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Structural Characterization of Compound B.69
The second compound isolated from actinomycete culture B.69 displayed a molecular weight of 840 g/mol and demonstrated similarities to mycinamicin III, indicating that it is likely a glycoside form of this antibiotic. NMR analysis confirmed the presence of an aldehyde group, hydroxy groups, and methoxy functionalities, while MS data suggested fragmentation patterns consistent with mycinamicin. These structural insights propose that the compound possesses antibacterial activity, particularly against Bacillus cereus, making it a potential candidate for further pharmaceutical development.
Identification of Bioactive Fractions
The study employed immersion bioautography to isolate bioactive fractions from the ethyl acetate extracts of both cultures. The fractions were marked by their inhibitory effects against various pathogenic strains, including Bacillus cereus and Fusarium oxysporum. Quantified retention factor (R_f) values were recorded, further assisting in the identification of these fractions. This method’s effectiveness in discerning the active components underscores its value in antimicrobial research, suggesting avenues for the discovery of new therapeutic agents derived from natural products.
Conclusion
The results of this research highlight the significant potential of actinomycetes, particularly Streptomyces, as sources of new antimicrobial agents. The characterization of Actinomycin D and a mycinamicin glycoside underscores the diversity and importance of secondary metabolites produced by these microorganisms. Given the increasing resistance of pathogenic microbes to conventional antibiotics, the exploration of natural compounds such as those from actinomycetes offers promising solutions for future drug development, with important implications for public health and pharmaceutical applications. The study's findings advocate for continued research into these microbial sources for novel bioactive compounds.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are actinomycetes and why are they important?
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive, aerobic bacteria known for producing a variety of biologically active secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, which are crucial for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications.
What compounds were isolated in this study?
The study isolated antimicrobial compounds from two actinomycete cultures, L3.41 and B.69, which showed promising activity against pathogenic strains.
How were the antimicrobial compounds extracted and purified?
The compounds were extracted using organic solvent extraction methods and purified via thin layer chromatography, followed by bioautography to identify active fractions.
What methods were used to characterize the compounds?
The isolated compounds were characterized using Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques to determine their structure and molecular weight.
What are the identified compounds from culture L3.41 and B.69?
The compound from L3.41 was identified as Actinomycin D, while the compound from B.69 was characterized as a glycoside isomer of Mycinamicin III.
Why is there a need for new antimicrobial compounds?
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds with unique modes of action to combat resistant infections.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from streptomyces sp�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the ability of a substance to exhibit a biological effect, in this context, the antimicrobial properties of compounds isolated from actinomycetes against pathogenic microorganisms. Measuring activity is crucial for determining the effectiveness of potential antibiotics, particularly in the fight against drug-resistant bacteria.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the property of a substance to combat bacterial infections. The study particularly highlights the antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds against pathogenic strains such as Bacillus cereus. The significance of discovering effective antibacterial agents is heightened due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
3) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital city of India, is associated with various academic and research institutions where studies like this arise. The various universities in Delhi, such as Acharya Narendra Dev College and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, foster the exploration of microbial diversity and secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical applications.
4) Sugar:
Sugar, particularly in the form of glycosides, is mentioned in the context of compound B.69. The presence of sugar moieties in antibiotics can significantly influence their biological activity. In this study, sugar components from bacterial metabolites are vital for understanding the structural and functional properties of these compounds.
5) New Delhi:
New Delhi serves as a geographical context for the research, indicating that the study is rooted within India's capital region. This urban area is home to various research institutes that contribute to the scientific community by exploring the biological activity of natural compounds, including antibiotics derived from actinomycetes.
6) Habitat:
Habitat refers to the natural environments from which actinomycetes were isolated for this study, such as pesticide-contaminated soils in Lucknow and agricultural soils in Pachmarhi. Understanding the ecological niches of these microorganisms is essential for discovering novel antimicrobial compounds that may arise from different ecological conditions.
7) Medium:
In microbiology, the growth medium is crucial for cultivating microbial cultures. The study utilized nutrient mediums and specific agar, such as Yeast Extract Malt Extract medium, to promote the growth of actinomycetes to produce secondary metabolites, which were then extracted and analyzed for biological activity.
8) Narendra (Nara-indra):
Narendra, as in Acharya Narendra Dev College, signifies the affiliation of one of the authors in this research. This institution serves as a center for academic research, contributing to the exploration of antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes and enhancing the understanding of their potential applications in medicine.
9) Species:
Species refers to distinct groups of organisms capable of interbreeding. In this study, various species of actinomycetes, primarily from the genus Streptomyces, were investigated for their ability to produce valuable bioactive compounds. Identifying specific species enriches the search for new antibiotics from diverse microbial sources.
10) Cancer:
Cancer, a significant focus area in medicine, is mentioned concerning the potential applications of isolated antimicrobial compounds, such as Actinomycin D, which has anti-tumor properties. The study emphasizes the relevance of natural antibiotics in cancer treatment, illustrating their broader medical significance beyond antibacterial use.
11) Soil:
Soil is a key component from which actinomycetes were isolated in this research. Different soil types and their microbial inhabitants are explored for natural product development, particularly for antimicrobial compounds. Soil health can influence microbial diversity and the potential discovery of novel antibiotics.
12) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of isolating bioactive compounds from crude extracts to obtain pure substances for study. This research highlights techniques like thin-layer chromatography (TLC) used to purify antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, ensuring that the identified compounds are suitable for further analysis and application.
13) Solanki:
Solanki refers to one of the authors of this study, Renu Solanki. Author affiliations and their contributions add credibility to the research, which explores antimicrobial compounds derived from actinomycetes. The execution of the study under academic mentorship highlights the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry.
14) Disease:
Disease refers to pathological conditions caused by pathogens, in this study particularly focusing on bacterial infections. The need for new antimicrobial agents arises due to the existence of drug-resistant bacteria that cause significant illness. Addressing these diseases through natural compounds is the central aim of the research.
15) Aureus:
Aureus, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, is a bacterial pathogen examined in this study for its susceptibility to isolated antimicrobial compounds. This organism is known for being resistant to several treatments; thus, finding effective agents against it is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies in combating bacterial infections.
16) India:
India is the geographical context of this study, reflecting the diverse ecological settings from which actinomycetes are sourced. The country's rich biodiversity expands opportunities for discovering novel antimicrobial agents, enhancing global efforts toward addressing antimicrobial resistance and promoting public health through natural product research.
17) Water:
Water is an essential component in microbiological research, used in solvent extraction processes and preparations. The study emphasizes the importance of using appropriate solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from cultures, where water plays a fundamental role in maintaining the necessary conditions for microbial growth and metabolite extraction.
18) Table:
Table refers to the structured presentation of results in the research, summarizing crucial data such as Rf values and bioactive fraction information. Tables enhance clarity and accessibility, allowing readers to easily understand the findings and comparisons of antimicrobial activities observed in different extracts.
19) Renu:
Renu refers to Renu Solanki, one of the researchers involved in the study. The recognition of authors contributes to understanding the collaborative effort in scientific research. Individuals like Renu Solanki play a central role in advancing knowledge regarding antimicrobial compounds derived from actinomycetes.
20) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a significant infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, referenced in the study regarding antibiotic drug resistance. The emergence of resistant strains necessitates ongoing research into novel antimicrobial agents, emphasizing the importance of natural products, especially from actinomycetes, in developing effective treatments for such diseases.
21) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section in scientific papers where results are interpreted in relation to existing literature and theoretical frameworks. This study's discussion delves into the implications of the findings for antimicrobial discovery, underscoring the contributions of the isolated compounds to the broader field of pharmaceutical microbiology.
22) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. The research presented here exemplifies scientific inquiry as it seeks to isolate, characterize, and understand antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, contributing to advancements in pharmacology and addressing public health challenges.
23) Similarity:
Similarity in this context relates to the comparison between the metabolic profiles of isolated compounds and known antibiotics. By establishing the similarity in characteristics, structural features, and functional properties, researchers can confirm the identity of promising antimicrobial substances, facilitating their application in medical settings.
24) Upadhyaya:
Upadhyaya refers to a key author affiliated with the study, contributing to research on antimicrobial compounds derived from actinomycetes. The authors� diverse academic backgrounds enrich the study, highlighting the collaborative spirit reflecting interdisciplinary efforts, which can lead to significant discoveries in microbiological research.
25) Pesticide:
Pesticide refers to chemicals used to kill pests, noted as a contaminant in the soil samples where actinomycetes were isolated. The presence of pesticides may influence microbial diversity and functionality; thus, studying their effects provides insight into how these compounds might still produce bioactive metabolites despite adverse conditions.
26) Lucknow:
Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, is relevant as the location from which one of the bacteria strains was isolated. The study emphasizes the importance of regional diversity in microbial sources, presenting opportunities to uncover novel antibiotics from different environmental conditions, like those found in Lucknow's soils.
27) Account:
Account refers to the description and detail provided in the study regarding the methods and findings from the research on actinomycetes. It presents a systematic account of the procedures undertaken, the results obtained, and the interpretations made regarding the antimicrobial properties of isolated compounds.
28) Madhya:
Madhya Pradesh is noted as one of the locations from which soil samples were collected for the study. Its ecological diversity presents a rich source for isolating unique strains of actinomycetes. The geographical context enhances the significance of the findings related to antibiotic discovery from varied habitats.
29) Forest:
Forest refers to ecological areas that are home to diverse microbial communities, including actinomycetes. The rich biodiversity within forest ecosystems potentially provides access to a variety of microorganisms capable of producing novel bioactive compounds, emphasizing the role of environmental conservation in drug discovery.
30) Nature:
Nature refers to the natural environment where actinomycetes thrive, providing a rich source of biological diversity. The inherent chemical and biological activities of these organisms contribute significantly to the development of novel antimicrobial compounds, reinforcing the necessity of studying natural products for therapeutic applications.
31) Indian:
Indian refers to the context of the study being conducted in India, a country known for its vast biodiversity. This characteristic positioning supports the exploration of actinomycetes and their bioactive compounds, emphasizing the need for regional research in combating global health issues like antibiotic resistance.
32) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation outlined in the paper, focusing on the isolation and characterization of antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes. The results and findings advance scientific knowledge in microbiology and pharmacology, showcasing the potential of natural products in providing alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
33) Genu:
Genu likely refers to 'genus,' a classification rank in biological taxonomy. In this research, the focus is on the Streptomyces genus, noted for producing a wide array of antibiotics. Understanding the taxonomic relationships helps in identifying and studying bioactive compounds in the microbial world.
34) Drug:
Drug refers to any chemical agent used for therapeutic purposes to treat disease or alleviate symptoms. The study emphasizes the importance of discovering new antimicrobial drugs from actinomycetes, particularly in light of rising antibiotic resistance, to ensure effective treatments remain available for various bacterial infections.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from streptomyces sp�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Financial support, Antibacterial activity, Thin Layer Chromatography, Antimicrobial activity, Molecular weight, Secondary metabolite, TLC, Antimicrobial Resistance, Mass spectrometry, Chemical screening, Gram positive bacteria, Ethyl acetate extract, Chemical characterization, Bioactive compound, Bioactive fraction, HPLC, Antibacterial agent, Multidrug-resistant, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Bacterial culture, Solvent extraction method, 1H NMR spectroscopy, Antimicrobial compound, Bacillus cereus, Multidrug resistant microbes, Structural studies, Gene cluster, Natural products discovery, Pathogenic strain, Appl Environ Microbiol.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.