Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Two Types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Two Types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Shivani Sharma
PG Scholar, Department of Rasa Shastra And Bhaishajya Kalpana, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Pardeep Kapil
Guide, Principal and Professor, Department of Rasa Shastra And Bhaishajya Kalpana, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Abhishek
Co-Guide, Lecturer, Department of Rasa Shastra And Bhaishajya Kalpana, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Pankaj Sharma
Clinical Co-Guide, Lecturer, Department of Kaya Chikitsa, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Two Types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10i1.1154
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the pharmaceutical and analytical study of two types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, a modified Ayurvedic formulation derived from the traditional Kwatha kalpana dosage form. The study aims to analyze and prepare these formulations, addressing the common challenges associated with Kwatha, such as its short shelf life, bitter taste, and complexity in preparation and storage. By converting Kwatha kalpana into Ghanvati, the authors seek to maintain therapeutic efficacy while providing a more user-friendly alternative. The research emphasizes the need for established analytical standards, which have been largely absent for these specific formulations.
Modification of Dosage Forms
Ghanvati Kalpana: A Modern Approach to Traditional Formulations
The article outlines the transition from Kwatha kalpana to Ghanvati kalpana, highlighting the advantages of the latter. While traditional Kwatha has limitations, like undesirable taste and inconvenience in preparation, Ghanvati represents a powdered tablet form that retains the active constituents of the original mixture but offers greater palatability and extended shelf life. During the study, two formulations of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati were prepared according to classical texts—one based on Bhaishajya Ratnavali and the other on Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar—and subjected to comparative analysis of their physico-chemical properties, further emphasizing the evolution of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics in response to contemporary needs.
Assessment of Quality Standards
Need for Standardization in Ayurvedic Preparations
This study emphasizes the importance of standardizing Ayurvedic formulations to enhance their global acceptance and therapeutic efficacy. It aims to establish quality standards for Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati by assessing various parameters, including physical characteristics, friability, ash content, and moisture loss. The detailed methodology involved the collection and preparation of raw materials, followed by rigorous tests to determine their composition and efficacy. The results indicated that both types of Ghanvati adhered to acceptable limits set by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), reinforcing the need for quality control in traditional formulations to ensure safety and reliability for consumers.
Conclusion
The research successfully outlined the preparation and analysis of two types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, asserting that the physico-chemical parameters conformed to established API standards. Through careful formulation and testing, the study provides a foundational approach to standardizing Ayurvedic formulations, ultimately enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness without compromising traditional principles. This initiative can pave the way for broader adoption of Ayurvedic practices in contemporary healthcare, ensuring that ancient wisdom aligns with modern standards of safety and efficacy.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the pharmaceutical study?
The study focuses on the preparation and analysis of two types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, a modified Ayurvedic formulation, to establish analytical standards for their safety and efficacy.
What advantages does Ghanvati have over Kwatha kalpana?
Ghanvati offers several advantages, including improved palatability, longer shelf life, higher therapeutic efficacy, and convenience for all age groups compared to the traditionally used Kwatha kalpana.
What were the main findings of the analysis?
The physico-chemical analysis revealed that all parameters for both types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati were within acceptable API limits, ensuring the drug's safety, efficacy, and quality.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Two Types of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya is a form of Ayurvedic medicine that typically involves herbal decoctions. It is one of the Panchvidha Kashaya Kalpana, which are basic fundamental principles of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Kashaya is known for its potency but has drawbacks like a shorter shelf life and unpalatable taste.
2) Kalpana:
Kalpana in Ayurveda refers to the formulation or preparation method of a medicinal product. There are several types, including Kwatha Kalpana, which are traditional decoctions, and Ghanvati Kalpana, which are dried extracts formed into tablets to improve convenience and shelf life without compromising efficacy.
3) Ghana:
Ghana refers to a concentrated extract in Ayurvedic medicine. It is created by boiling decoctions until a thick consistency is obtained. This preparation is then dried to form a solid mass, known for its longer shelf life, better palatability, and efficacy compared to liquid decoctions.
4) Drug:
In the context of Ayurveda, a drug includes herbs, minerals, and other natural substances that are processed into various formulations for therapeutic purposes. Each drug has specific properties and indications and undergoes steps to ensure purity, safety, and desired therapeutic effects.
5) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India and in the text, it refers to Shivani Sharma, one of the primary researchers involved in the study on Shatiyadi kashaya ghanvati. The role of Sharma emphasizes the contributions of scholars in Ayurvedic research and pharmaceutical analysis.
6) Vati:
Vati in Ayurveda refers to tablet formulations. In the study, Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati represents a solid, tablet form of the traditional Shatiyadi Kashaya decoction, converted to improve shelf life and ease of use. Vatis are widely accepted due to their convenience and therapeutic efficacy.
7) Shivani (Sivani):
[see source text or glossary: Shivani]
8) Bitter:
Bitter taste in Ayurveda, associated with Shatiyadi Kashaya, plays a significant role in its therapeutic actions. While beneficial, the bitterness of Kashaya can make it unpalatable, prompting modifications like Ghanvati, which retains efficacy but may be easier to consume.
9) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds in plants that contribute to therapeutic properties. In Shatiyadi Kashaya preparation, the boiling process aims to extract these water-soluble phytochemicals, enhancing the remedy's medicinal value. Proper preparation ensures maximum extraction of these beneficial compounds.
10) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. The text mentions departments such as Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana which are responsible for the development and processing of Ayurvedic medicines, ensuring they meet therapeutic standards and maintain efficacy while being consumer-friendly.
11) Dravya:
Dravya refers to the substances or materials used in Ayurvedic formulations. In Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, raw plant materials like Tinospora cordifolia and Solanum xanthocarpum are considered Dravya, which undergo processes to extract efficacious compounds and prepare the final medicinal product.
12) Powder:
Powder here refers to the process of converting raw herbal materials into a coarse powder, known as Yavkut Churna, to maximize extraction in Kwatha Kalpana. Proper grinding and filtration ensure effective preparation, critical for the overall therapeutic potential of the final Ayurvedic product.
13) Agni:
Agni in the context of this text refers to the use of fire or heat during the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. Agni Samskara, or the processing with heat, plays a crucial role in developing the preparation's therapeutic properties by enhancing absorption and assimilation of active ingredients.
14) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, also known as Giloy, is a herb used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. It belongs to the Menispermaceae family and is valued for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the Ayurvedic formulation.
15) Solanum xanthocarpum:
Solanum xanthocarpum, also known as Kantakari or Vyaghrimool, is a key ingredient in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. It belongs to the Solanaceae family and is used for its respiratory therapeutic properties, including treatments for conditions like asthma and chronic cough.
16) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger or Nagar, is an essential herb in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. It is from the Zingiberaceae family and is valued for its digestive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nausea properties, enhancing the overall therapeutic efficacy of the formulation.
17) Samskara:
Samskara in Ayurveda refers to the transformation process that enhances the therapeutic properties of a substance. Acharya Charak mentions that Agni Samskara brings newer, beneficial qualities to the preparation, thus improving its efficacy in treatments, such as those in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati.
18) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts. Charak Samhita, for example, is a foundational text that provides guidelines on various formulations, including Shatiyadi Kashaya. These texts are invaluable resources for understanding traditional methods and principles in Ayurveda.
19) Family:
Family in this context refers to the botanical classification of the plants used in Ayurvedic formulations. Identifying the family, such as Zingiberaceae for ginger or Solanaceae for Solanum xanthocarpum, helps in the standardization and authenticity of the materials used in Kalpana.
20) Purity:
Purity is crucial in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics to ensure the safety and efficacy of the medicines. Analytical tests for physico-chemical properties during the preparation of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati ensure that all ingredients meet quality standards, free from contaminants and adulterations.
21) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]
22) Cotton:
Cotton is used in the filtration process of Kwatha Kalpana. The prepared decoction is filtered through clean cotton cloth to remove any residue, ensuring a clear, effective liquid extract which is later processed into Ghanvati for better palatability and storage.
23) Paka:
Paka refers to the cooking or boiling process in Ayurvedic preparations. For Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, Paka involves boiling the herbs to concentrate the extracts. Achieving the right Paka is crucial for extracting maximum therapeutically active components without degrading them.
24) Solanum indicum:
Solanum indicum, also known as Brihati, is a herb used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. It belongs to the Solanaceae family and is known for its beneficial effects on respiratory health, including treatments for conditions like asthma and bronchitis.
25) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological aspects in Ayurveda involve studying the effects of medicinal plants on the human body. In the preparation of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, understanding the pharmacological properties of each ingredient ensures the formulation's efficacy in treating various ailments.
26) Gunantaradhana:
Gunantaradhana refers to the enhancement of properties through Samskara or processing. In Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, this concept is essential for increasing the therapeutic efficacy and rendering new beneficial properties to the formulation, as seen with Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati.
27) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa-shastra]
28) Apsumajjati (Apsu-majjati):
Apsu-majjati refers to one of the indicators of achieving Asanna Paka Lakshana, the right consistency, in Ayurvedic preparations. The term signifies the preparation's ability to float on water, indicating its semi-solid, concentrated form, crucial for quality Ghanvati production.
29) Gajapippali (Gaja-pippali):
Gajapippali, or Scindapsus officinalis, is an herb used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati Type II. It belongs to the Piperaceae family and is valued for its digestive and respiratory therapeutic properties, contributing to the compound's overall effectiveness for similar ailments.
30) Katurohini (Katu-rohini):
Katurohini, or Picrorhiza kurroa, is a crucial herb in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. It belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. Known for its bitter taste, it provides liver protective properties and helps in managing fever and digestive disorders within the formula.
31) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Manda-agni refers to mild heat, crucial for preparing Kwatha Kalpana like Shatiyadi Kashaya. Proper application of Manda-agni ensures slow evaporation, facilitating the complete extraction of phytochemicals without degrading heat-sensitive active ingredients, thereby maximizing therapeutic benefits.
32) Discussion:
Discussion in research articles like this one involves interpreting the results, comparing findings, and examining practical implications. The discussion on Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati encapsulates the significance of findings and potential applications in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical practices.
33) Duralabha:
Duralabha, or Fagonia arabica, is an herb used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. Included for its medicinal properties, it is an essential part of these Ayurvedic formulations, contributing to their effectiveness in treating various health conditions according to traditional texts.
34) Kantakari (Kamtakari):
[see source text or glossary: Kantakari]
35) Ghanavati:
Ghanavati refers to a tablet form of Ayurvedic medicine, derived from concentrated decoctions known as Ghana. This form addresses issues with Kwatha Kalpana, such as taste and shelf life, making it a more convenient and palatable option while retaining therapeutic benefits.
36) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]
37) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine focused on harmonizing the body, mind, and spirit through natural remedies, diet, and lifestyle. The study on Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati showcases how traditional Ayurvedic formulations are adapted to modern pharmaceutical needs without losing efficacy.
38) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the characteristic signs or indicators. In the text, Lakshana is seen describing the physical properties indicating the correct consistency of the decoction or Ghana during preparation, such as thickness and viscosity, essential for quality Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati.
39) Gatarasa:
Gatarasa refers to the complete extraction of taste and medicinal properties from the herbs in Kwatha Kalpana. It indicates that the decoction has thoroughly absorbed the active ingredients, achieving an ideal state for further processing into Ghanvati without losing efficacy.
40) Samgraha (Sangraha):
[see source text or glossary: Sangraha]
41) Shastra (Sastra):
[see source text or glossary: Shastra]
42) Brihati (Brhati):
Brihati, or Solanum indicum, is an herb used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. Part of the Solanaceae family, it contributes therapeutic properties beneficial for respiratory diseases. Its inclusion in the formulation aims to treat ailments like asthma and bronchitis effectively.
43) Vishala (Visala):
Vishala, or Citrullus colocynthis, is used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati Type II. Belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, this herb is utilized for its potent purgative and anti-inflammatory properties, providing therapeutic benefits within the holistic Ayurvedic treatment system.
44) Laghuta:
Laghuta refers to the lightness and digestibility imparted to Ayurvedic formulations through proper processing. Agni Samskara enhances Laghuta, making decoctions like Kwatha easier to assimilate, and contributes to the higher therapeutic efficacy seen in Ghanvati formulations.
45) Durjara (Dur-jara):
Durjara translates to difficult to digest. The text cautions that if Kwatha is covered improperly during preparation, it can become Durjara, hindering its absorption and effectiveness. Proper technique ensures the preparation remains palatable and therapeutically beneficial.
46) Siddha:
[see source text or glossary: Siddha]
47) Sthana:
[see source text or glossary: Sthana]
48) Katuka:
Katuka, or Picrorhiza kurroa, is an essential herb in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. It belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family and is noted for its bitter taste and hepatoprotective properties, contributing to the formulation's efficacy in liver-related and digestive disorders.
49) Kshaya (Ksaya):
[see source text or glossary: Kshaya]
50) Tandra (Tamdra):
[see source text or glossary: Tandra]
51) Gandha (Gamdha):
[see source text or glossary: Gandha]
52) Punjab:
Punjab is the Indian state where the Government Ayurvedic College, Patiala, is located. This institution conducted the pharmaceutical and analytical study on Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati, indicating the regional and academic backdrop of the research contributing to Ayurvedic advancements.
53) Indian:
Indian refers to the cultural and medicinal heritage, with Ayurveda originating and evolving in India. The study on Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati reflects ongoing efforts within Indian academia to adapt traditional practices to modern needs while ensuring efficacy and safety.
54) Rasna (Rashna, Rasona, Rasa-una):
Rasna, or Pluchea lanceolata, belongs to the Compositae family and is used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. Its leaves are valued for their anti-inflammatory properties, making it a significant addition to the formulation, aimed at treating joint pain and inflammatory conditions.
55) Mridu (Mrdu):
Mridu Agni refers to gentle heat used in the preparation of Kwatha Kalpana. Maintaining Mridu Agni during boiling ensures that herbs are efficiently extracted without degrading sensitive active compounds, crucial for achieving the desired therapeutic efficacy in Ghanvati preparations.
56) Patha:
Patha, or Cyclea peltata, from the Menispermaceae family, is used in Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati. Its roots provide medicinal benefits, commonly used for treating fevers and digestive issues, contributing to the overall therapeutic potential of the formulation.
57) Manda (Mamda):
[see source text or glossary: Manda]
58) Varna:
[see source text or glossary: Varna]
59) India:
India is the land where Ayurveda originated and continues to thrive. The study on Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati represents how traditional Indian medicinal knowledge is being preserved and adapted to contemporary pharmaceutical practices to meet modern healthcare needs.
60) Jalam:
Jalam refers to water, a crucial component in the preparation of Kwatha Kalpana. As noted in the text, water is used extensively to soak and boil the herbs, facilitating the extraction of water-soluble phytochemicals necessary for creating effective Ayurvedic formulations like Ghanvati.
61) Mudra:
[see source text or glossary: Mudra]
62) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush represents traditional systems of health and wellness in India, encompassing Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. The journal AYUSHDHARA, where the study on Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati is published, contributes to research and development in these fields.
63) Glass:
[see source text or glossary: Glass]
64) Yama:
Yama, in this context, refers to a unit of time equivalent to three hours. The shelf life of Kwatha Kalpana is only one Yama, highlighting its ephemeral nature and illustrating the need for more stable formulations like Ghanvati to extend usability.
65) Kaya:
Kaya refers to the body. In the text, the Department of Kaya Chikitsa is involved, which focuses on internal medicine in Ayurveda. The preparation and study of Shatiyadi Kashaya Ghanvati aim to treat various ailments affecting the body, ensuring therapeutic efficacy.
66) Rasa (Rasha):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa]
67) Kasa (Kasha):
[see source text or glossary: Kasa]
Other Science Concepts:
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