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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淭ranslations into western languages of ancient works on ayurveda鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Samhita (Sa峁僪it膩, Sa峁僪ita):
Samhita refers to a compilation or collection of texts that present structured knowledge and information about a particular subject. In the context of Ayurveda and traditional Indian medicine, Samhitas are essential texts that provide foundational teachings, practices, and methodologies for understanding health, disease, and treatment approaches.

2) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, as well as the maintenance of health. It is a broad field that includes various disciplines, and in the context of Ayurveda, it refers specifically to the holistic healing practices derived from ancient Indian texts.

3) Ayurveda (膧yurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that originated in India more than 5,000 years ago. It integrates physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual balance, emphasizing a personalized approach to health through diet, herbal treatments, yoga, and lifestyle adjustments. Ayurveda seeks to harmonize the mind, body, and spirit.

4) Sushruta-samhita (Su艣ruta-sa峁僪it膩):
Susruta-samhita is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, attributed to the ancient physician Susruta. It primarily focuses on surgical techniques, including anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment of various ailments. It is recognized for its detailed descriptions and practices and remains influential in surgical education and practice today.

5) Sutrasthana (S奴trasth膩na, Sutra-sthana):
Sutrasthana is a section within Ayurvedic texts, particularly the Susruta-samhita, that deals with aphorisms or sutras related to medical practices. This component focuses on principles, definitions, and guidelines for understanding diseases and treatment strategies, laying the groundwork for the systematic study of medicine in Ayurveda.

6) Caraka-samhita (Caraka-sa峁僪it膩):
Caraka-samhita is a critical text in Ayurvedic literature traditionally attributed to the sage Caraka. This classical text emphasizes internal medicine and holistic approaches to health, offering extensive analysis on diagnosis, prognosis, herbal formulations, and therapeutics. It is known for its ethical and philosophical insights into medicine and healing.

7) Caraka (C膩raka, C膩r膩ka):
Caraka refers to the legendary sage credited with compiling the Caraka-samhita. He is revered as one of the pioneers of Ayurveda, contributing greatly to the development of medical theories and practices. His teachings emphasize personalized health solutions and the importance of a balanced lifestyle for well-being.

8) Vagbhata (V膩gbhata):
Vagbhata was an influential figure in Ayurvedic medicine, known for his contributions to texts such as the Astangahrdayasamhita and the Astangasamgraha. His work aimed to synthesize earlier Ayurvedic ideas and practices, emphasizing the integration of various medical disciplines, including surgery, pharmacology, and lifestyle practices.

9) Ashtangahridayasamhita (A峁ａ弓膩峁単ah峁沝ayasa峁僪it膩, Ashtanga-hridaya-samhita):
Astangahrdayasamhita, authored by Vagbhata, is an essential text in Ayurveda that addresses various aspects of health, disease, and medicine. The title translates to 'Heart of Eight Branches' and reflects an integrated approach to the eight key areas of Ayurvedic practice, providing vital knowledge about treatment and patient care.

10) Madhavanidana (M膩dhavanid膩na, Madhava-nidana):
Madhavanidana is an Ayurvedic text focusing on the area of pathology and diagnosis. It provides valuable insights into the characteristics of different diseases and their treatment, contributing to the understanding of disease processes from an Ayurvedic perspective. Its methodologies continue to inform traditional healing practices.

11) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis. In the context of Ayurveda, it implies the use of empirical methods to understand health, disease, and the efficacy of treatments, bridging ancient wisdom with modern scientific validation for holistic healthcare.

12) Sharman (艢arma, Sarm膩, Sarma, Sharma, 艢arman):
Sharma is a common surname in India and often denotes individuals who are scholars or knowledgeable in specific fields, including Ayurveda. Scholars with this surname contribute to the advancement of Ayurvedic knowledge, translating texts and developing new methodologies, bridging the past with contemporary practices.

13) Bheda (Bhe岣嵞�, Bhe岣峚):
Bheda, or Bhela, refers to an ancient text relevant in Ayurvedic traditions. It addresses various aspects of medicine, focusing on treatment and health practices. The work is important for understanding historical perspectives on ailments and remedies, enriching the overall body of Ayurvedic literature.

14) Yogashataka (Yoga艣ataka):
Yoga-sataka refers to a concise text that outlines key principles and practices of yoga. It emphasizes the importance of integrating yoga into a holistic health regimen, showcasing its therapeutic benefits alongside Ayurvedic treatments, and providing practitioners with foundational knowledge to enhance personal well-being.

15) Kashyapasamhita (K膩艣yapasa峁僪it膩, Kashyapa-samhita):
Kasyapa-samhita is an important Ayurvedic text attributed to sage Kasyapa, focusing on pediatrics and related medical practices. This work addresses the health concerns of children, including growth, diseases, and treatment methodologies, highlighting a compassionate approach to the care of the youngest members of society.

16) Ashtangasamgraha (A峁ａ弓膩峁単asa峁僩raha, A峁ａ弓膩峁単asa峁単raha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
Astangasamgraha, another work by Vagbhata, synthesizes various genres of Ayurvedic knowledge, delivering teachings on eight fundamental branches of medicine. Its thorough compilation provides critical insights into Ayurvedic philosophy, practices, and methodologies, serving as an educational resource for practitioners and scholars.

17) Rajanighantu (R膩janigha峁囜弓u, Raja-nighantu, Rajan-nighantu):
Rajanighantu is an Ayurvedic text primarily focused on herbal medicines, describing medicinal plants and their properties. It plays a crucial role in the development of pharmacology within Ayurveda, guiding practitioners in the appropriate use of botanicals for healing purposes and enhancing herbal knowledge in medical practice.

18) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the information, understanding, and skills gained through experience and education. In the context of Ayurveda, it signifies the body of wisdom that practitioners and scholars accumulate over time, which is essential for effective diagnosis, treatment, and the overall practice of holistic medicine.

19) Narahari (Nara-hari):
Narahari is often associated with references in Ayurvedic literature, particularly in texts that discuss medicinal plants and treatments. His contributions are vital for the understanding of traditional healing practices and the continued relevance of ancient wisdom in contemporary Ayurvedic practices.

20) Kashyapa (K膩艣yapa, Ka艣yapa, Kashya-pa, Kashyapanamdana):
Kasyapa is a significant figure in Ayurvedic history, particularly known for his contributions to texts such as the Kasyapa-samhita. His teachings center on the understanding of health and disease in children and provide valuable frameworks for pediatrics in Ayurveda, influencing generations of practitioners.

21) Harita (H膩r墨ta, H膩rita, H膩rit膩, Harit膩):
Harita references a particular Ayurvedic text, often focusing on diverse aspects of medicine and health. The insights provided in these works are foundational for understanding traditional remedies and practices, enriching the overall Ayurvedic knowledge base and informing contemporary healing methodologies.

22) Yoga (Yog膩):
Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual discipline that originated in ancient India. It encompasses practices designed to improve well-being, balance, and harmony within individuals. In Ayurveda, yoga is integrated as a complementary approach to health, enhancing the overall effectiveness of traditional healing methods.

23) Janu (J膩nu, Jan奴, J膩峁噓):
Janu, in some contexts, may refer to aspects of Ayurvedic practice or terminology related to bodily health. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit within Ayurveda, showcasing the holistic approach to understanding health and disease.

24) Shri (艢ri, 艢r墨, 艢峁�, S峁�, S峁�):
Shri is an honorific title used in Indian culture, often denoting respect or reverence for a person. In Ayurvedic texts, it is frequently used to address scholars, sages, and knowledgeable individuals in the field, acknowledging their contributions and status within the tradition.

25) Mira (M墨ra, Mir膩, Mir):
Mira may refer to various figures in Ayurvedic literature, known for their scholarly contributions or translational efforts. Recognizing individuals like Mira supports the appreciation of the collaborative nature of Ayurvedic scholarship, highlighting the importance of sharing and preserving ancient knowledge in modern contexts.