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According to the 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, there were sixteen rivers, the 碍腻惫别谤墨, the 碍峁涐梗峁嘺惫别峁嚹�, the 狈补谤尘补诲腻, the 驰补尘耻苍腻, the 骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨, the 颁补苍诲谤补产丑腻驳腻, the 莫r膩vat墨, the 痴颈辫腻艣腻, the 碍补耻艣颈办墨, the 艢补迟补诲谤耻, the Sarayu, the 厂墨迟腻, the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨, the 贬谤腻诲颈苍墨 and the 笔腻惫补苍墨, which were all married to Agni.^[1] Agni is a symbol of light and sacredness. The identification of Agni with 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 speaks of the attachment of the former鈥檚 qualities to the latter.^[2] All these rivers had acquired a very sacred position by virtue of their connection with the sacrificial fire lit on their banks by Aryans. A list of sacred rivers has also been found in the 础驳苍颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺.^[3] These are鈥攖he river Phalgu, the Vindus膩ra, the Ganges, the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨, the 艢补迟补诲谤耻, the 骋补峁囜笉补办墨, the Acchodha, the 痴颈辫腻艣腻, the 痴颈迟补蝉迟腻, the 顿别惫颈办腻, the 碍腻惫别谤墨, the 痴补谤耻峁嘺, the 狈颈艣肠颈谤腻, the 骋辞尘补迟墨, the 笔腻谤腻, the 颁补谤尘补峁噕补迟墨, the 搁耻辫腻, the 惭补苍诲腻办颈苍墨, the 惭补丑腻苍补诲墨, the 罢腻辫墨, the 笔补测辞峁ａ箛墨, the 痴别峁嚹�, the 骋辞耻谤墨, the 痴补颈迟补谤补峁嚹�, the 骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨, the 叠丑墨尘补谤补迟丑墨, the 罢耻峁単补产丑补诲谤腻, the 础谤补峁嚹�, the 颁补苍诲谤补产丑腻驳腻 etc. An another list of rivers is also found in the 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟辫耻谤补峁嚹�.^[4] These are the 颁补苍诲谤补惫补艣腻, 罢腻尘谤补辫补谤峁嚹�, Avatod膩, 碍峁泃补尘腻濒腻, 痴补颈丑腻测补蝉墨, 碍腻惫别谤墨, 痴别峁嚹�, 笔补测补蝉惫颈苍墨, 艢补谤办补谤腻惫补谤迟腻, 罢耻峁単补产丑补诲谤腻, 碍峁涐梗峁嚹�, Ve峁噛膩, 叠丑墨尘补谤补迟丑墨, 骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨, 狈颈谤惫颈苍诲丑测腻, 笔补测辞峁ａ箛墨, 罢腻辫墨, 搁别惫腻, 厂耻谤补蝉腻, 狈补谤尘补诲腻, 颁补谤尘补峁噕补迟墨, Sindhurandha岣�, 艢辞峁嘺, 痴别诲补蝉尘峁泃颈, 罢谤颈蝉腻尘腻, 峁氠梗颈办耻濒测腻, Kou艣ik墨, 惭补苍诲腻办颈苍墨, 驰补尘耻苍腻, 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨, 顿峁涐梗补诲惫补迟墨, 骋辞尘补迟墨, Sarayu, 搁辞诲丑补蝉惫补迟墨, 厂补辫迟补惫补迟墨, 厂耻峁�o尘腻, 艢atudru, 颁补苍诲谤补产丑腻驳腻, 惭补谤耻诲惫峁沝丑腻, 痴颈迟补蝉迟腻, 础蝉颈办苍墨 and the Visveti.

The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 describes the sacred aspects of some of the rivers. It says that the 骋补峁単腻 is sacred at Kanakhala, the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 at 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补; but 狈补谤尘补诲腻 is sacred everywhere. Besides these, this 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 says that the waters of the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 river purify one within three days, of the 驰补尘耻苍腻 in seven days, of the 骋补峁単腻 instantaneously and of the 狈补谤尘补诲腻 just by the mere sight.^[5]

The river 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 is called the killer of all the sins because it annihilates all the sins with its sacredness.^[6] Not only the water of this river is sacred but also its banks equally deserve this sacredness. Hence, it is called the auspicious one (艣耻产丑补迟补峁璦).^[7] Many 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 are situated on the banks of the river 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 due to the auspiciousness. 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 is full of sacred waters and, therefore, is called 辫耻峁噛补迟辞测腻,^[8] 辫耻峁噛补箩补濒腻^[9] etc. Because of these qualities, it is considered to be all pure and auspicious. Therefore, 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 is called 艣耻产丑腻,^[10] 辫耻峁噛腻,^[11] ati辫耻峁噛腻 etc.^[12]

The banks of the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 had a calm and peaceful atmosphere. That is why; the holy sages lived on the bank of this river.^[13] They performed their daily religious rites on its banks and drank its holy waters. The sage Kardama lived on the banks of 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 river and practised hard austerities for ten thousand years.^[14] On its banks, Lord 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 also practised his self denial sitting under an 补艣惫补迟迟丑补 tree.^[15]

In the 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, there are many references to the holy places and 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 situated on the banks of the river 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨. They all prove the sanctity of the river. It is found that a fierce battle took place between the Devas and the Asurus, when Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 destroyed the progeny of Diti. So, Diti went to 厂测补尘补苍迟补辫补帽肠补办补, a holy place situated on the banks of the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨. Diti practised hard penance for a long time worshipping her husband.^[16] In the twelve chapter of the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, there is an enumeration of the sacred 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 for Sr膩ddhas, in which the 笔颈迟峁泃墨谤迟丑补, 狈墨濒补濒补办耻峁囜笉补, Rudrasarovara, 惭腻苍补蝉补谤辞惫补谤补, 惭补苍诲腻办颈苍墨, Acchoda, 痴颈辫腻艣腻, 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨, all are taken to be sacred 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉.^[17]

Thus, the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 has been a very sacred river in many respects, such as having pure waters of spiritual sanctity, sacred banks and sacred 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Br峁�.P., 2.12.13-16

[2]:

tvamagne aditirdeva d膩艣u峁�e tva峁� hotra 产丑腻谤补迟墨 vardhase 驳颈谤腻 | tvami岣嵞� 艣atahim膩si dak峁�ase tva峁� 惫峁泃谤补丑腻 vasupate sarasvat墨 || 峁欢惫别诲补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻, 2.1.11

[3]:

辫丑补濒驳耻迟墨谤迟丑补峁� 产颈苍诲耻蝉补谤补岣� karav墨r膩艣ramas迟补迟丑腻 || nadyau ga峁単膩sarasvatyau 艣atadrurga峁囜笉ak墨 迟补迟丑腻 || 补肠肠丑辞诲腻 ca vip膩艣膩 ca vitast膩 devik膩 苍补诲墨 || k膩ver墨 varu峁嘺 caiva niscir膩 gomat墨 苍补诲墨 || Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 219.69-72

[4]:

叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺.,5.19.18

[5]:

辫耻峁噛腻 kanakhale ga峁単膩 kuruk峁�etre sarasvat墨 | r膩me v膩 yadi v膩鈥檙a峁噛e 辫耻峁噛腻 sarvatra narmad膩 || Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,186.10-11

[6]:

plak峁�av峁沰峁Ｄ乼samudbh奴t膩 saricchre峁ａ弓h膩 蝉补苍腻迟补苍墨 || sarvap膩pak峁�ayak膩r墨 smara峁嚹乨api nitya艣a岣� || 痴腻尘补苍补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,32.3; Skanda 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,7.34.31

[7]:

syamantapa帽cake k峁�etre sarasvaty膩state 艣ubhe | bhartur膩r膩dhanapar膩 tapa 耻驳谤补峁� cac膩ra ha || Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,7.3

[8]:

tatra s膩 rantuka峁� 辫谤腻辫测补 辫耻峁噛补迟辞测腻 sarasvat墨 || 办耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补峁� 蝉补尘腻pl膩vya pray膩t膩 辫补艣肠颈尘腻峁� di艣am | 蝉补尘腻y膩t膩 办耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补峁� 辫耻峁噛补迟辞测腻 sarasvat墨 || gay膩sya yajam膩nasya gay膩y膩峁� ca mah膩kratau || 痴腻尘补苍补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 33.2;37.29,38

[9]:

Padma 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,5.27.119

[10]:

痴腻尘补苍补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,32.2;M膩rka峁囜笉eya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 23.30

[11]:

痴腻尘补苍补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,32.24,34.6;Br峁�.P.,3.14-83

[12]:

tato gacccedvija艣re峁ａ弓h膩 madanasya mah膩tmana岣� | 迟墨谤迟丑补峁� 迟谤补颈濒辞办测补惫颈办丑测腻迟补峁� 惫颈丑腻谤补峁� 苍腻尘补 苍腻尘补ta岣� || 痴腻尘补苍补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,42.9

[13]:

ubhayor峁涐梗ikuly膩y膩岣� sarasvaty膩岣� surodhaso岣� | 峁涐梗墨峁嚹乵upa艣膩nt膩n膩峁� pa艣yann膩艣ramasa峁僷ada岣� || 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺., 3.22.27

[14]:

辫谤补箩腻岣� 蝉峁沯别迟颈 产丑补驳补惫腻苍 kardamo brahma峁噊dita岣� sarasvaty膩峁� tapastepe sahasr膩艈膩峁� 蝉补尘腻 诲补艣补 || Ibid., 3.21.6

[15]:

产丑补驳补惫腻苍sv膩tmam膩y膩y膩 驳补迟颈峁� t膩mavalokya sa岣� | sarasvat墨mupasp峁浥泍a v峁沰峁�am奴lamup膩vi艣at || aha峁� cokto bhagavat膩 prapann膩rtihare峁嘺 ha | 产补诲补谤墨峁� tva峁� pray膩h墨ti svakula峁� sa峁僯ih墨r峁�ur峁嚹� || Ibid., 3.4.3-8

[16]:

syamantapa帽cake k峁�etre sarasvaty膩state 艣ubhe| bharatur膩r膩dhanapar膩 tapa 耻驳谤补峁� cac膩ra h膩 || Ibid.,7.2.3

[17]:

迟补迟丑腻 谤耻诲谤补蝉补谤补岣� 辫耻峁噛补峁� sarom膩nasameva ca | mand膩kin墨 迟补迟丑腻cccod膩 vip膩艣膩th膩 sarasvat墨 || Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 22.22-23