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In addition to the above mentioned, some other neck ornaments are鈥�(1) 狈颈峁�k补, (2) Rukma, (3) 惭补峁噄s峁涐箙ka, (4) Sraja, (5) Ma峁単as奴tra, (6) 碍补峁囜弓丑颈办腻, (7) Ka峁囜弓has奴traka, (8) Yoktraka, (9) Suvar峁嘺s奴tra, (10) 贬别尘补蝉奴迟谤补, (11) Tapan墨yas奴tra, (12) 贰办腻惫补濒墨, (13) Rucaka, (14) 笔谤腻濒补尘产补bhogabh奴峁ａ箛a, (15) Graiveyaka, (16) Praka峁囜弓haka, (17) 搁补迟苍腻惫补濒墨, (18) 笔谤腻濒补尘产补, (19) Lambana, (20) Ura岣�s奴tra, (21) 厂办补苍诲补尘腻濒腻, (22) 闯腻濒补办补, (23) Kaustubha, (24) Ataka, (25) 惭耻办迟腻惫补濒墨, (26) 贬补谤峁�a办补, (27) S奴traka, (28) Vy膩lapa峁卥tima帽jar墨, (29) 艢峁涐箙galik膩, (30) 惭补峁噄j膩la, (31) Ka峁囜弓has奴tra, (32) Lambas奴tra, (33) C膩m墨karaka峁囜弓has奴trik膩, (34) Ma峁嚹玸an膩thagalas奴tra, (35) Vaikak峁�ika, (36) H膩ras奴tra, (37) 惭腻峁単补濒测补, (38) Cannav墨ra, (39) Avak膩峁璦ka, (40) 艢墨谤峁�a办补, (41) Taralapratibandha, (42) Lamb膩bhara峁嘺, (43) Upa艣墨r峁�aka, (44) 罢谤颈惫补濒墨, (45) Pa帽caval墨, (46) Bandhura, (47) Apavartaka, (48) 艢耻诲诲丑补丑腻谤补, (49) 叠谤补丑尘补蝉奴迟谤补 and (50) Sthagara. Of these, 狈颈峁�k补 was worn round the neck. It was made of silver and gold. The epithet 狈颈峁�k补gr墨va frequently occurs in 峁欢惫别诲补^[1] . There is a reference to 痴谤腻迟测补蝉 wearing silver 狈颈峁�k补 in 笔补帽肠补惫颈峁兣沘-产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺^[2].

痴腻濒尘墨办颈 also talks about 狈颈峁�k补. In the description of the 础测辞诲丑测腻, it is pointed out that every inhabitant there wore 础峁単补诲补 and 狈颈峁�k补鈥�

[...],^[3]

Rukma was in the form of a plate or disc, hanging from the neck in a cord as a Pendant. The epithet Rukmavak峁�as denotes one wearing a Rukma on the chest as an ornament. 惭补峁噄 was an armlet like ornament worn round the neck, with the aid of a woollen or cotton cord. 峁欢惫别诲补 frequently refers to deities with the epithet 惭补峁噄gr墨va^[4]. In one context, the followers of 痴峁泃谤补 are described as adorned with jewels^[5]. Sraja was either a flower garland or a gold lace wrought into flowers, usually worn by men. Ma峁単alas奴tra, as its name indicates is an auspicious thread. Whether it was made of thread or metal is not specified. It is meant for ladies. 碍补峁囜弓丑颈办腻 and Ka峁囜弓has奴traka are referred to in 厂办补苍诲补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 as female ornaments^[6]. Sometimes it is set with rubies or emerald. Yoktraka is similar to Ka峁囜弓has奴traka. It is also worn by ladies, which is mentioned by 础艣惫补驳丑辞峁�a^[7]. Suvar峁嘺s奴tra, 贬别尘补蝉奴迟谤补 and Tapan墨yas奴tra are the names of a simple gold chain. Sometimes it consists of a precious stone at the centre. 碍腻濒颈诲腻蝉补 refers to such a chain.

贰办腻惫补濒墨 is a necklace of one string of pearls. Sometimes it is adorned with a gem at the centre. 顿补峁囜笉颈 refers to a highly priced and highly lustrous 贰办腻惫补濒墨. This necklace there described was able to brighten the royal court^[8]. Rucaka is described by 笔补迟补帽箩补濒颈 as a gold necklace^[9]. But a ruby studded Rucaka is mentioned by 顿补峁囜笉颈^[10]. 笔谤腻濒补尘产补bhogabh奴峁ａ箛a is similar to 艢e峁�ah膩ra of 叠腻峁嘺^[11]. Graiveyaka is perhaps a tight necklace, which is mentioned in 痴腻濒尘墨办颈-谤腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨, 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 and 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉^[12]. Praka峁囜弓haka is a one stringed pearl necklace with a big pearl in the centre, while other pearls are of gradually decreasing size. 搁补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 as the name suggests is made of jewels. 笔谤腻濒补尘产补 is a long garland made of flower or metals. Lambana is a long garland with floral designs. Ura岣�s奴tra, 厂办补苍诲补尘腻濒腻, 闯腻濒补办补 and Kaustubha are seen displayed in the images of deities. Of these Kaustubha is specially seen for 痴颈峁ａ箛耻^[13]. 惭耻办迟腻惫补濒墨 is a pearl necklace. Bharata recommends it for male characters, royal as well as divines^[14]. 础驳苍颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺^[15] also refers to it. In 搁补驳丑耻惫补峁兣沘, 惭耻办迟腻惫补濒墨 with 108 strands of pearls is described^[16]. 贬补谤峁�a办补 is in the shape of a snake. Bharata prescribes it for male actors. S奴traka is a simple gold chain with one or more than one string, for men and women. It is also known by the names Dvisara, Trisara and Catussara on the basis of the number of strings. Trisara is mentioned in 狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补 in connection with male characters. 艢峁涐箙galik膩 as the name suggests, consists of several links. 惭补峁噄j膩la is a net of jewels. Ka峁囜弓has奴tra is perhaps a chain worn close to the neck, while Lambas奴tra is a long chain. C膩m墨karaka峁囜弓has奴trik膩 is a gold chain. Precious stones studded on a gold chain were called Ma峁嚹玸an膩thagalas奴tra. Vaikak峁�ika looks like a 驰补箩帽辞辫补惫墨迟补 and is worn across the chest^[17]. H膩ras奴tra is a loose and long garland. 惭腻峁単补濒测补 is meant especially for ladies. Cannav墨ra has a pair of chains; when it is worn, it looks like two 驰补箩帽辞辫补惫墨迟补s crossing each other at the centre of the chest. In Avak膩峁璦ka and 艢墨谤峁�a办补, the sizes of pearls or beeds are equal. Taralapratibandha is a pearl necklace having a big pearl at the centre. Lamb膩bhara峁嘺 is mentioned in 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉^[18]. Sometimes it is similar to 笔谤腻濒补尘产补. Upa艣墨r峁�aka has five bigger pearls in the centre in equal size. 罢谤颈惫补濒墨 and Pa帽caval墨 are pearl necklaces of three and five strings respectively. Bhandura is a pearl necklace with a jewel studded pendant designed like a lions face. Apavartaka is interspersed with gold beeds. 艢耻诲诲丑补丑腻谤补 is similar to 艢墨谤峁�a办补. 叠谤补丑尘补蝉奴迟谤补 is a long gold necklace. It is also made of pearls having more than five strings.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

II.33.10,VII.47.15

[2]:

43.86

[3]:

V.43.12,VI.44.22, 55.5

[4]:

I.122.14

[5]:

X.85.6,8

[6]:

V.3.106.15

[7]:

Saundarananda, V.3; Buddhacarita, v.55,VIII.22

[8]:

SCTD, p.267

[9]:

I.1.1,16

[10]:

顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补

[11]:

SCTD, p.268; NTAIS, p.88

[12]:

础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨, IV.2.95; 础尘补谤补办辞艣补, 2.6.106; 痴腻濒尘墨办颈-谤腻尘腻测补峁嘺, III.67.27

[13]:

叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 10.70.11,11.27.27

[14]:

狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补, 116-120,140-143

[15]:

111-112

[16]:

搁补驳丑耻惫补峁兣沘, 16.43

[17]:

础尘补谤补办辞艣补, 2.6.130

[18]:

惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 176.56