Essay name: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
Author: William James Arraj
The essay represents a study and partial English translation of the Svacchandatantra and its commentary, “Uddyota�, by Kshemaraja. The text, attributed to the deity Svacchanda-bhairava, has various names and demonstrates a complex history of transmission through diverse manuscript traditions in North India, Nepal, and beyond.
Page 245 of: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
245 (of 511)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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239
outside of the body. And breaking the shell of the egg of BrahmÄ
would not lead to liberation from all planes, but only from the
plane of the earth. Historically, therefore, it would appear that
the amalgamation of the Samkhya-Åšaiva planes with the
traditional cosmology disrupted an earlier schema of micro-macro
parallelism where the egg of BrahmÄ represented the limit of both
the interior and exterior cosmos.
After DandapÄṇiá¸� the text lists (pp. 256-257) seven rudrÄá¸�
who are overlords in seven worlds. Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� explains that they
do not rule over seven worlds at this level, but rather serve as
regent rudrÄá¸� in the seven worlds from Bhur- to Satya-lokaá¸�, just
as KÄlÄgniá¸�, Kuá¹£mÄṇdaá¸�, and so forth, in the lower worlds. His
interpretation, moreover, evidently reflects the intention of the
text, which then enumerates the regents of the worlds beyond
Satyaloka�, for example, Viṣṇu� in his paradise. 1 In order to
purify the worlds in initations, Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� continues, their
regents must be known. Having relegated the seven rudrÄá¸� to
superintending these lower worlds, Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� adds that though
not named by the text, Pasupati� is the deity who actually resides
as overlord in the world at this level. 2
Coming to the end of the egg of BrahmÄ, the text
summarizes (pp. 257-259) its dimensions and characterizes its
shell, as golden, spherical, and harder than diamond. Then in an
aside (p. 260) returning to the ritual and microcosmic significance
1 To harmonize this interpretation with the preceding
description, however, BrahmÄ, who traditionally resides in
Satyaloka� (p. 223, vs. 524a) must then be displaced to a higher
region. Thus Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� explains (p.256): "satyalokÄnte brahmÄ.â€�
Bhullakaá¸� (pp. 257-258) had apparently correlated the seven rudrÄá¸�
beginning from the world of Ananta�, to the end of the egg of
BrahmÄ by lumping several worlds together for one regent.
2 This is also the interpretaton of Jayaratha�; v. M.K.
ShÄstri, ed., TantrÄlokaá¸� 8, p.117.
