Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.9.93-94
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.9.93-94:
啶掂啶き啶苦啶距ぐ啷� 啶ㄠた啶た啶む啶むじ啷嵿く 啶膏ぞ啶о啶む啶掂 啶� 啶啶班啶侧啶い啷� 啷�
啶ぞ啶掂啶ぞ啶膏啶︵た啶むた 啶膏啶む啶班啶� 啶むい啷嵿啶距げ啷囙そ啶ㄠ啶い啷嵿ぐ 啶多た啶粪啶い啷� 啷� 啷ォ 啷�
啶膏啶掂啶距げ 啶忇さ 啶膏ぞ啶о啶多啶氞啶む 啶曕ぞ啶侧き啷囙う啷� 啶椸い啶苦 啶曕ぅ啶 啷�
啶掂ぞ啶曕啶ぞ啶班啶ムぞ啶︵い啶︵ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷囙し啷� 啶掂た啶多た啶粪啶熰い啷嵿さ啶� 啶� 啶膏た啶о啶い啶� 啷� 啷オ 啷�vyabhic膩re nimittasya s膩dhutva峁� na prakalpate |
bh膩vy膩s墨diti s奴tre峁嘺 tatk膩le'nyatra 艣i峁ate || 93 ||
svak膩la eva s膩dhu艣cet k膩labhede gati岣� katham |
v膩ky膩rth膩datadarthe峁 vi艣i峁ａ弓atva峁� na sidhyati || 94 ||93. When the particular circumstance (in which a suffix is taught) is absent, its use would not be correct. Therefore, the 蝉奴迟谤补 in question makes it expressive of another point of time also in the sentence bh膩vy 腻蝉墨迟.
94. If a suffix is correct only when it expresses the particular point of time for which it is taught, how can it express another? When the suffixes are incapable of expressing other points of time, how can a single meaning with parts related by the relation of qualifier and qualified be understood from the sentence?
Commentary
Now something is going to be said about P. 3.4.1 which seems to teach a verbal suffix for expressing a tense, which, normally, is not its own.
[Read verse 93-94 above]
[Certain suffixes are taught as expressive of some points of time. Sometimes, words ending in these suffixes are associated with words ending in suffixes expressive of other points of time. For instance, 驳辞尘腻苍 腻蝉墨迟. In 驳辞尘腻苍, the suffix matup expresses the present time, the word 腻蝉墨迟 expresses past time. How can the two words come together? 笔腻峁噄苍颈 gives the answer to this question in the 蝉奴迟谤补鈥攄h膩tusambandhe pratyay膩岣� (P.3.4.1.)鈥斺�淪uffixes express points of time other than their own when they are connected with (the meaning of) the roots with which they are associated.鈥� The author of the 惫腻谤迟迟颈办补蝉 does not think this 蝉奴迟谤补 necessary. According to him, suffixes can express other points of time when they enter into a sentence and become related as 惫颈艣别峁峁嘺 = qualifiers to other suffixes expressive of other times. By writing this 蝉奴迟谤补, 笔腻峁噄苍颈 has made matters rather difficult.]