Saubhagyahrdayastotra by Sivananda
by Brian Campbell and Ben Williams | 2024 | 11,962 words
This is the English translation of the Saubhagyahrdayastotra (“praise to the heart of auspiciousness�) by Sivananda (fl. 13th century South India), who was one of the earliest interpreters of the Tantric tradition of goddess worship known as Shri-Vidya. The Saubhagyahrdaya Stotra embodies Shivananda’s synthesis of foundational Shaiva doctrine, Kund...
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Verse 12 (text and translation)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 12:
संविद्देव्यः समाक्रम्� विषयान� अमृतासवान् �
योगिना� प्रेषयन्त्य् आर्य� त्वत्पूजार्थ� हि सर्वदा � १२ �saṃviddevya� samākramya viṣayān amṛtāsavān |
yoginā� preṣayanty ārye tvatpūjārtha� hi sarvadā || 12 ||To venerate You, O Noble Lady, the Goddesses of Awareness forever pervade the sense objects of Dzī and reveal them as distillations of nectar.
Notes:
The goddesses of awareness (ṃvī) play an important role in many tantric traditions including as deities of the senses and as goddesses who bestow initiation to practitioners. In[1] this verse, ŚԲԻ岹 presents a heightened form of Kaula practice (ܱ峦) where the practitioner's senses are divinized as the ṃvī and through their awakened interaction with sense objects, the latter are revealed to be pure nectar.
In contradistinction to many mainstream and orthodox religious traditions that teach engaging with the senses hinders spiritual practices by expending energy outwards, upsetting the vital energies, and overexciting the mind, several ܱ峦 practices (such as described in this verse) teach that subtle meditations upon the senses can actually lead to heightened states of awareness. The immediate background to more comprehensively understanding such practices is the well-known Kaula doctrine that the human body is a ṇḍ. Within Śī it is taught the body, with its nine openings, is the Śī and its many goddesses are actually taught to[2] be the senses.[3]
ѲśԲԻ岹 teaches in his ѲٳñᲹī that the goddesses of the senses (첹ṇa𱹲) reside along with Ś within the body of the practitioner in the following verse:
अण्डमय� निजपिण्ड� पीठे स्फुरन्त� करणदेव्य� �
प्रस्फुरति � परमशिव� ज्ञाननिधिस� तासा� मध्य� � ३४ �aṇḍamaye nijapiṇḍe pīṭhe sphuranti karaṇadevya� |
prasphurati ca paramaśivo jñānanidhis � madhye || 34 ||“The goddesses of the senses pulse radiantly in the scared seat (īṻ) that is one's own body consisting of the universe. And in their midst shines Supreme Ś, the treasure of consciousness.�[4]
Similar practices to what ŚԲԻ岹 is describing in this verse can be found throughout Kaula tantras and are often focused on maintaining stable awareness of the sequential (krama) unfolding of consciousness through experiencing and recognizing their flows in sensory[5] perceptions and enjoyments. By paying close attention to the flux of how consciousness comes into being, the practitioner expands their subjectivity and awareness of the dynamic structure of consciousness and reality. Meditating on perception through the senses is not meant to increase sensory enjoyments—one doesn't need to practice spiritual disciplines to enjoy their senses! On the contrary, when practiced by qualified adepts, subtle meditations on perception and sensory enjoyment can actually lead the senses, ṇa (subtle life-force), and the mind back to their origin in pure luminous consciousness and are a hallmark of Kaula yogic practice. The վñԲٲԳٰ teaches that what sets the practitioner apart from other living beings is that the practitioner pays attention to the subtle relationship between the subject and object in every experience.[6]
The interaction between the senses and objects of the world is often described within Kaula tantras as the meeting of siddhas and Dzī, a union which, just as ŚԲԻ岹 describes, is said to produce nectar from their mutual interaction and enjoyment.
The fifth verse of the ūٳūٰ[7] teaches:
सिद्धयोगिनीसंघट्टान� महामेलापोदयः � � �
siddhaDzīaṃghaṭṭān mahāmelāpodaya� || 5 ||
The Great Union arises by the union of Siddhas and Yoginīs.
Anantaśaktipāda explains in his commentary to this verse:
सिद्धाश् � योगिन्यश� � ता� सिद्धयोगिन्य� विषयकरणेश्वरीरूपा� � तासा� संघट्ट� संगम� ग्राह्यग्राहकोभयसंश्लेषः परस्परागूरणक्रमेणालिङ्गनम् � ते� आलिङ्गने� सदैव महामेलापोदयः महामेलापस्याहन्तेदन्तात्मकद्वयविगलनात् निरुत्तरचिद्व्योम्नि सततं महासामरस्यात्मकस्य सर्वत्� प्रत्यक्षतया उदयः समुल्लास� भवति इत्य� अर्थ� � वेद्यवेदकद्वयाप्रथनप्रवृत्त्या परमाद्वयसमावेश� सर्वत्रावस्थित इत्य� उक्त� भवति � � �
siddhāś ca yoginyaś ca tā� siddhayoginya� viṣayakaraṇeśvarīrūpā� | � ṃgṭṭ� saṃgamo grāhyagrāhakobhayaṃślṣa� parasparāgūraṇakrameṇṅgԲm | tena āṅgnena sadaiva mahāmelāpodaya� mahāmelāpasyāhantedantātmakadvayavigalanāt niruttaracidvyomni ٲٲ� 峾ٳ첹ⲹ sarvatra ٲⲹṣaٲ ܻ岹ⲹ� ܱ bhavati ity ٳ� | vedyavedakadvayāprathanapravṛttyā paramādvayasamāveśa� sarvatrāvasthita ity ܰٲ� bhavati || 5 ||
�The Siddhas and Yoginīs are the objects of sense and the goddesses of the senses, respectively. Their ‘union� is their intimate coming together (ṃg), the close (mutual) conjunction (ṃślṣa) of both subject and object, and (their) embrace (ṅgԲ) by the process of (their) mutual implication (岵ūṇaԲ). It is by that embrace that ‘the Great Union arises� at all times. (In other words) by the falling away of the two, namely, the subjectivity and objectivity of the Great Union, the Great Oneness (峾ⲹ) pours forth constantly, completely and everywhere as a direct immediate experience within the Sky of unexcelled consciousness. What is taught (here) is that penetration (and mystic absorption) into the supreme non-dual (reality) takes place everywhere by the ongoing power of the absence of the perception of the two, namely, subject and object.�[8]
Abhinavagupta, in the fourth chapter of his ղԳٰǰ첹, describes how the intimate union of subject and object, just like sexual union, produces nectar as follows:
यथ� योनिश् � लिङ्गं � संयोगात् स्रवतेऽमृतम् �
तथामृताग्निसंयोगाद� द्रवतस� ते � संशय� � १३� �yathā yoniś ca ṅg� ca saṃyogāt sravate'mṛtam |
tathāmṛtāgnisaṃyogād dravatas te na saṃśaya� || 131 ||“Just as the (female) yoni and (male) ṅg stream forth nectar by (their) union, similarly, no doubt, the fire of the subject and the moon (ṛt) (of the object) exude (nectar) by (their) union.�[9]
The ѲԲⲹś of Arṇasimha echoes these teachings regarding the blissful union of the contact between consciousness and sense objects in the following verse:
ग्राह्यग्राहकसंश्लेषाद� अनल्पाह्लादनिर्भरा �
या संविद् राजत� सै� महामेलापविग्रह� � १२� �grāhyagrāhakasaṃśleṣād analp岹nirbharā |
yā saṃvid rājate saiva mahāmelāpavigraha� || 127 ||“The consciousness that shines, full of the great bliss (岹) that comes from the contact between subject and object, is the form of the Great Union.�[10]
From within the Śī tradition, ṛtԲԻ岹 in his ī辱 commentary on the
۴DzīṛdⲹٲԳٰ (2.79) describes how the Dzī of the senses are forms of consciousness and, as Dr. Mark Dyczkowski has pointed out, the first half-verse is cited by Jayar[11] ātha in his Viveka commentary on the ղԳٰǰ첹, thereby providing an interesting continuity between these two[12] Kaula traditions.
ṛtԲԻ岹 teaches in his commentary:
यत्र यत्र मिलिता मरीचयस् तत्र तत्र विभुर् एव जृम्भत� �
तत्सता� हि नियमावलम्बनं ध्यानपूजनकथा विडम्बना �
इत� प्रामाणिकवचनोक्तरीत्या मातृमानमेयसंविदो योगिन्यस� तासा� मेलनम् अन्तर्मुखीभावे� परप्रमातृविश्रान्तिः अथवा ब्राह्म्याद्यष्टकार्चनार्थ� सामयिकशक्तिचक्रमेलनं योगिनीमेलनम् तत्रोद्युक्तैःyatra yatra militā marīcayas tatra tatra vibhur eva jṛmbhate |
tatsatā� hi niyamāvalambana� dhyānapūjanakathā ḍa ||
iti prāmāṇikavacanoktarītyā mātṛmānameyasaṃvido yoginyas � melanam antarmukhībhāvena parapramātṛviśrānti� athavā brāhmyādyaṣṭakārcanārtha� sāmayikaśakticakramelana� yoginīmelanam tatrodyuktai�“The All-pervasive Lord (vibhu) Himself blossoms forth wherever the rays (of the senses) unite. For those who possess that same Being and who do not (need to) take the support of rules and regulations (niyama), (all) talk of meditation and (outer) worship is deceit. The Dzī are (forms of) consciousness as subject, means and object of knowledge. Their union is (their) repose in the supreme perceiver brought about by (their) introverted state. Or else (it can be understood to mean) union together equally in the one wheel of energies in order to worship the groups of eight (Mothers), ī and the rest. This is the union of the Dzī.�[13]
Concerning the liberatory power of the senses, Abhinavagupta directly incorporates a number of verses from the fifteenth chapter of the īᲹdzٳٲٲԳٰ in the seventeenth chapter of his ղԳٰǰ첹 that precisely qualify what types of sensory activities are liberating and what types are binding as follows:
बन्धमोक्षाव् उभाव� एताव� इन्द्रियाणां जगुर� बुधा� �
निगृहीतानि बन्धाय विमुक्तानि विमुक्तय� � ११� �
एतान� व्यापक� भावे यद� स्युर् मनसा सह �
मुक्तानि क्वापि विषय� रोधाद् बन्धाय तानि तु � ११� �
इत्य� एव� द्विविधो भावः शुद्धाशुद्धप्रभेदत� �
इन्द्रियाणां समाख्यात� सिद्धयोगीश्वरीमत� � ११� �bandhamokṣāv ubhāv etāv indriyāṇāṃ jagur budhā� |
nigṛhītāni bandhāya vimuktāni vimuktaye || 112 ||
etāni vyāpake bhāve yadā syur manasā saha |
muktāni kvāpi viṣaye rodhād bandhāya tāni tu || 113 ||
ity eva� dvividho bhāva� śuddhāśuddhaprabhedata� |
indriyāṇāṃ samākhyāta� siddhayogīśvarīmate || 114 ||“The wise have said that both bondage and liberation are (conditions) of the senses. Restrained, they serve to bind (the soul), liberated (from restraint, they serve as a mean to) liberation. These (senses) are liberated if they are, along with the mind, in (the one) allpervading state. (But) by being restricted somewhere to (a particular) object, they bind (the soul). Similarly, it is said in the Dzśīٲ that the state of the senses is of two kinds, according to whether they are pure or impure.�[14]
Utpaladeva teaches in his Śstotrāvalī that for devotees the senses are actually the path to worship, venerate, and contemplate the deity and reality as follows:
सर्व एव भवल्लाभहेतुर� भक्तिमता� विभो �
संविन्मार्गो’यम् आह्लाददुःखमोहैस् त्रिधा स्थितः � १० �sarva eva bhavallābhahetur bhaktimatā� vibho |
saṃvinmārgo’yam 岹duḥkhamohais tridhā sthita� || 10 ||“The path of the senses is threefold,
Marked by pleasure, pain, and delusion.
For the devotee this is the path
That leads to your attainment.�[15]
In terms of specific practices oriented at recognizing the bliss of consciousness within the body and sensory enjoyments, the վñԲٲԳٰ teaches:
जग्धिपानकृतोल्लासरसानन्दविजृम्भणात� �
भावयेद� भरितावस्थाम् महानन्दस� तत� भवेत� � ७२ �
गीतादिविषयास्वादासमसौख्यैकतात्मन� �
योगिनस� तन्मयत्वेन मनोरूढेस� तदात्मता � ७३ �
यत्र यत्र मनस् तुष्टिर् मनस् तत्रैव धारयेत� �
तत्र तत्र परानन्दस्वरूपं सम्प्रवर्तते � ७४ �
यत्र यत्राक्षमार्गे� चैतन्य� व्यज्यते विभोह् �
तस्य तन्मात्रधर्मित्वाच� चिल् लयाद� भरितात्मता � ११� �ᲹԲṛtDZԲԻ岹ṛmṇāt |
bhāvayed bharitāvasthām mahānandas tato bhavet || 72 ||
ī徱ṣaܰⲹ첹ٳԲ� |
yoginas tanmayatvena manorūḍhes tadātmatā || 73 ||
yatra yatra manas tuṣṭir manas tatraiva dhārayet |
tatra tatra parānandasvarūpa� sampravartate || 74 ||
yatra yatrākṣamārgeṇa caitanya� vyajyate vibhoh |
tasya tanmātradharmitvāc cil layād bharitātmatā || 117 ||“One should meditate on the state of fullness [filling one’s body] arising from the blossoming of delight in the pleasing taste of food and drink. From that [meditation], one attains supreme bliss. (72)
The ۴Dzī who has merged with the incomparable delight of savoring sense objects such as music, becomes one with that [blissful state]. This takes place by the expansion [of that delight] in the heart by being totally immersed in it. (73)
Wherever the mind delights, let it become steadily focused upon that. In any such experience, the nature of the ultimate bliss becomes manifest. (74)
Wherever consciousness of the all-pervasive Lord manifests through the medium of perception, an all-embracing fullness arises, because that [object of perception], which has the property of a sensory experience, dissolves into consciousness.�[16] (117)
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
[3]:
For precise correlations see the 峾첹屹 verses 40-45.
[4]:
Translation by Dyczkowski 2009, Introduction Vol I, 723.
[5]:
[6]:
վñԲٲԳٰ 106.
[7]:
The ūٳūٰ is an important text from the Kālīkrama tradition. It was first published in Sanskrit, with an English translation, in the famous Kashmir Series of Texts and Studies (KSTS) in 1923 by Pandit Madhusudan Kaul Shastri. Swami Lakshmanjoo taught this important text to several of his students, who also published translations, including Lilian Silburn (1959), Mark Dyczkowski (2019), and Bettina Bäumer (2021). Swamiji's teachings on this text, based on audio recordings of his lectures, were published (in English) in 1996 by the Ishwar Ashram Trust.
[8]:
Verse and commentary translated by Dyczkowski 2019, 6-7.
[9]:
Translation by Dyczkowski 2023 III, 177.
[10]:
Translation by Dyczkowski 2023, III, 504.
[12]:
Dyczkowski 2023 I, 43, fn. 119.
[13]:
Translation by Dyczkowski 2023 I 49, fn. 119.
[14]:
Translation by Dyczkowski 2023 IX, 188.
[15]:
Translation by Rhodes-Bailly 1987, 30.
[16]:
Verse translations by Ben Williams.