Puga, 笔奴驳补: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Puga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)One of the Hands indicating Trees.鈥敱逝挡� (areca-nut), the 笔补诲尘补办辞艣补 hands crossed.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Pancaratra (worship of N腻r腻ya峁嘺)
: archive.org: Isvara Samhita Vol 5笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) refers to 鈥渁reca nut鈥� and is used in oblation offerings, according to verse 25.137-141a of the 8th-century 莫艣varasa峁僪it腻. Accordingly, 鈥�... they [eg., 辫奴驳补] are already cooked, filling the cooking vessels (蝉迟丑腻濒墨) and dishes (艣补谤腻惫补) are to be kept in all broad frying vessels (补尘产补谤墨峁). They are to be placed on vessels (辫腻迟谤补) smeared with (within) ghee (驳丑峁泃补), are hot and are to be spread out there. They which are heated and made greasy with powdered peppers, 箩墨谤补办补 and ghee are to be stirred again and again with ladle. They are to be kept in vessels covered with clothes etc鈥�.
Pancaratra (啶ぞ啶炧啶氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p腻帽car腻tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) refers to the 鈥渁reca-nut鈥� and is mentioned as one of the fruits used in the treatment of aggravated phlegm, according to the 17th century Bhojanakut奴hala (诲谤补惫测补驳耻峁嚹錱耻峁嘺-办补迟丑补苍补), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as 笔腻办补艣腻蝉迟谤补 or 笔腻办补办补濒腻.鈥擯rocedure to alleviate kapha (phlegm) after meals: The excess phlegm in the human body can lead to the weakening of digestive fire. Sleeping immediately after the meal will result in the aggravation of phlegm. The excess phlegm must be alleviated by employing fumes of the fragrant substances or consuming fruits [like 辫奴驳补 (areca-nut), ...]. After a meal, one must walk a few steps. Practising this lightens the food mass and imparts comfort in the neck, knees and loins. [...]
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita鈥擳ext on Visha Chikitsa笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) refers to 鈥渁reca-nuts鈥�, and is an ingredient used in the treatment (肠颈办颈迟蝉腻) of rat poison (腻办丑耻-惫颈峁), according to the K腻艣yapa Sa峁僪it腻: an ancient Sanskrit text from the P腻帽car腻tra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Vi峁肠颈办颈迟蝉腻鈥攁n important topic from 膧yurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Vi峁vidy腻 or Sarpavidy腻).鈥擪腻艣yapa has recommended a slew of generic formulae that successfully neutralise rat poison.鈥擜ccording to K腻艣yapasa峁僪it腻 (verse 11.60): 鈥淒ry arecanuts (艣u峁a-辫奴驳补), blended well with the extracts of Vajik腻, Agni艣ikh腻, Tu峁囜笉墨va, along with betel leaves, help in eleminating the poison鈥�.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) refers to the 鈥渂etel nut (tree)鈥� (used in the capture of elephants), according to the 15th century 惭腻迟补峁単补濒墨濒腻 composed by N墨laka峁囜弓ha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.鈥擺Cf. chapter 10, 鈥渙n the catching of elephants鈥漖: 鈥�12. Separate ropes with multiple ends, the ends of which are tied into nooses, are covered with 办别谤墨-bark and twigs, etc., (the ropes) as large as the girth of a betel nut tree (辫奴驳补-dru), and approximately sixty karas (30 yards) long, and are well buried and covered on all sides with dust in a very broad hole in the ground sunk to the depth of a kara (a foot and a half)鈥�.
膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (tantric Buddhism)笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) refers to a 鈥渉eap (of chaplet)鈥�, according to Kuladatta鈥檚 Kriy腻sa峁僩rahapa帽jik腻, a text within Tantric Buddhism representing a construction manual for monasteries.鈥擜ccordingly, [while describing 辫谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑腻 in chapter 4]鈥斺�淭hen the king should satisfy the architects, the assistants, and the spectators with a bracelet, a finger-ring, a garment, gold, heap of chaplet (sraj-辫奴驳补), 迟腻尘产奴濒补, or other [articles] according to [the donor鈥檚] wealth鈥�.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
Biology (plants and animals)
: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Puga in India is the name of a plant defined with Areca catechu in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Areca catechu Willdenow (among others).
2) Puga in Papua New Guinea is also identified with Pangium edule.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Flora Indica, or 鈥楧escriptions of Indian Plants鈥� (1768)
· Species Plantarum. (1805)
· Species Plantarum
· Isis (1823)
· Nucleus (1975)
· Hist. Nat. Palm. (1836)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Puga, for example side effects, chemical composition, extract dosage, diet and recipes, health benefits, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary辫奴驳补 : (m.) a gild; corporation. (nt.) a heap; the areconut palm.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary1) 笔奴驳补, 3 (Class. Sk. 辫奴驳补) the betel-palm, betel nut tree J. V, 37 (掳rukkha-ppam腻峁嘺峁� ucchu-vana峁�). (Page 470)
2) 笔奴驳补, 2 (m.) (see preceding) corporation, guild Vin. II, 109, 212; IV, 30, 78, 226, 252; M. III, 48; A. III, 300; Ud. 71; Pug. 29 (=se峁噄 PugA 210).鈥斈鍄atana guild鈥檚 property J. VI, 108 (=辫奴驳补-santaka dhana C.).鈥攇腻ma峁噄ka superintendant of a guild, guildmaster A. III, 76.鈥攎ajjhagata gone into a guild A. I, 128=Pug. 29; SnA 377. (Page 470)
3) 笔奴驳补, 1 (nt.) (etym. ? cp. Vedic 辫奴驳补 in meaning of both 辫奴驳补1 & 辫奴驳补2) heap, quantity; either as n. with Gen. or as adj. =many, a lot Sn. 1073 (辫奴驳补峁� vass腻na峁�= bah奴ni vass腻ni Nd2 452); Pv IV. 79 (辫奴g腻ni vass腻ni); VbhA. 2 (khandha峁弓ha, pi峁囜笉掳, 辫奴g掳). (Page 470)
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary辫奴驳补 (啶啶�).鈥攎 S The Betelnut tree, Areca faufel or catechu. 2 n Its fruit.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English辫奴驳补 (啶啶�).鈥�m The Betelnut tree. n Its fruit.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary笔奴驳补 (啶啶�).鈥擺辫奴 gan kicca; U峁嚹錮i-s奴tra 1.121]
1) A multitude, heap, collection, quantity; 啶曕啶多さ啶� 啶多い啷嵿ぐ啷佮お啷傕啶灌ぞ (ke艣ava岣� 艣atru辫奴驳补h腻) Mah腻bh腻rata (Bombay) 5.131.1; 啶樴え啶むぞ啶� 啶о啶班啶掂 啶ㄠく啶むた 啶む啶� 啶さ啶︵啶椸啶｀お啷傕啶啶班た啶むぎ啷� (ghanat腻峁� dhruva峁� nayati tena bhavadgu峁嘺辫奴驳补辫奴ritam) (艣谤补惫补峁嘺峁�) 啶呧い啷冟お啷嵿い啶むく啶� (补迟峁沺迟补迟补测腻) 艢i艣up腻lavadha 9.64.
2) An association, corporation, union; 啶ㄠ啶啶｀ぞ啶оた啶曕啶むぞ啶� 啶啶椸ぞ啶� (n峁沺e峁嚹錮hik峁泃腻岣� 辫奴g腻岣�) Y.2.3; Manusm峁泃i 3.151; 啶膏い啷嵿ぐ啶苦ぃ啶� (蝉补迟谤颈峁嘺岣�) ...... 啶啶椸啶ㄠじ啶さ啶距く啷囙し啷� 啶掂た啶掂ぞ啶︵ 啶曕啶班啶啶� (辫奴驳补janasamav腻ye峁 viv腻da峁� kuryu岣�) Kau. A.1.13.
3) The areca or betelnut-tree. (辫奴驳墨 also); R.4.44; 啶むぞ啶啶啶侧さ啶侧啶侧啶ぐ啶苦ぃ啶︵啶оお啷傕啶距 (迟腻尘产奴濒补vall墨pari峁嘺ddha辫奴g腻岣�) 6.64;13.17; 啶о啶粪啶い啷� 啶啶椸さ啶ㄠ啶樴え啷�啶曕啶むい啶侧啶膏啶む啶權啶椸啶班啶溹ぐ啶氞啶涏ぞ啶栢た啶た啶� (dh峁涐梗yat 辫奴驳补van墨ghan墨k峁泃atalaistu峁単airjaracch腻khibhi岣�) (濒补办峁补苍迟别) Mv.7.13.
4) Nature, property, disposition.
-gam Areca-nut, betelnut.
Derivable forms: 辫奴驳补岣� (啶啶椸).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔奴驳补 (啶啶�).鈥攎.
(-驳补岣�) 1. The betel-nut tree, (Areca faufel or catechu.) 2. A heap, a quantity, a multitude. 3. Disposition, property, nature. 4. The Jack-tree. 5. An association, a corporation. n.
(-驳补峁�) The fruit of the faufel, the betel-nut. E. 辫奴 to cleanse, gan Unadi aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔奴驳补 (啶啶�).鈥擨. m. 1. A heap, [础谤箩耻苍补蝉补尘腻驳补尘补] 3, 32. 2. A multitude, Mah腻bh腻rata 5, 1085. pi. A number of persons, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 3, 152. 3. The betel-nut tree (Areca faufel). Ii. n. The fruit of the last.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔奴驳补 (啶啶�).鈥擺masculine] association, corporation, multitude; betel-palm, [neuter] its nut.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 笔奴驳补 (啶啶�):鈥�m. (ifc. f(腻). ; cf. 辫耻帽箩补) any assemblage or combination or body of persons, a multitude, number, mass, quantity (in one place n.), [艢腻峁卥h腻yana-br腻hma峁嘺; Manu-sm峁泃i; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.
2) country court or an assembly of townsmen, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 296 n. 1]
3) disposition, property, nature, [Horace H. Wilson]
4) the Areca Catechu, called betel-nut tree (n. its nut), [Var腻ha-mihira; K腻vya literature; Su艣ruta]
5) = 办补峁囜弓补办颈-惫峁沰峁, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) = chanda, or chandas, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.] = bh腻va, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔奴驳补 (啶啶�):鈥�(驳补岣�) 1. m. The betel-nut tree; a heap; a quantity; nature; jack tree. n. The betel-nut.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: 笔奴补, 笔奴驳补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary笔奴驳补 (啶啶�) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: 笔奴驳补.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus笔奴驳补 (嗖硞嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] a large number of people gathered together at a place; a group; a multitude.
2) [noun] an organisation of persons having common interests, purposes, etc.; a society, league or association.
3) [noun] the palm tree Areca catechu of Arecaceae family.
4) [noun] its nut; areca nut.
5) [noun] the tree Thespesia populnea ( = Hibiscus populenea) of Malvaceae family; Indian tulip umbrella tree.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+19): Puga-phalam, Pugad lauin, Pugadandakavata, Pugadi, Pugadru, Pugah, Pugahan, Pugaiyilai, Pugakhanda, Pugal, Pugalasu, Pugallu, Pugamu, Pugan, Puganasu, Pugane, Puganeya, Puganna, Pugaphal, Pugaphali.
Full-text (+130): Pugapitha, Pugapatra, Ramapuga, Pugapushpika, Jangapuga, Munipuga, Pugarota, Pugakrita, Gunapuga, Pugayajna, Kalapuga, Pugiphala, Rajapuga, Varshapuga, Pugavaira, Pukam, Patrapuga, Pugavota, Pugi, Pugakhanda.
Relevant text
Search found 47 books and stories containing Puga, 笔奴驳补, Pugas; (plurals include: Pugas, 笔奴驳补s, Pugases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)鈥擟ritical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 4.3 - Special Adjudicatory Machinery < [Chapter 4 - The Political Aspect Reflected in the Vyavah腻r腻dhy腻ya]
Glories of India (Culture and Civilization) (by Prasanna Kumar Acharya)
Machinery of government < [Chapter 3 - Political life of State sovereignty and Individual liberty]
Introduction (Political life of ancient India) < [Chapter 3 - Political life of State sovereignty and Individual liberty]
Index < [Chapter 7 - Original literatures]
Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)
Verse 1094: Sula Mudra < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]
Verse 146: When Body Roof Falls, It Falls Forever < [Tantra One (mutal tantiram) (verses 113-336)]
Verse 718: Stages of Prana's Ascending Course < [Tantra Three (munran tantiram) (verses 549-883)]
Clinical evaluation of 笔奴驳补 Kha峁囜笉a on sexual health and semen. < [Volume 32 (issue 3), Jan-Mar 2013]
Mahavastu (great story) (by J. J. Jones)
Chapter XII - The J腻taka of 艢iri < [Volume II]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
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