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Alternative spellings of this word include Pranayam.

In Hinduism

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢aivism

笔谤腻峁嚹乱补尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶�) is capable of controlling mind. The mind controls the sensory organs of the human body (蝉别苍腻).

: academia.edu: The 艢aiva Yogas and Their Relation to Other Systems of Yoga

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��, 鈥渂reath control鈥�) refers to one of the six members (补峁単补) of the 峁�a岣嵅贯箙g补yoga, as taught in the early 艢aiva Siddh腻nta.鈥斸耿a岣嵅贯箙g补yoga is taught as the standard yoga of the 艢aivasiddh腻nta (Siddh腻nta) a mainstream, Veda congruent dualist tradition. See, for example, the 6th century texts of Raurava-腻gama, Kira峁嘺-腻gma, Sarvaj帽腻nottara-腻gama, Sv腻yambhuvas奴trasa峁僩raha, the 7th century M腻lin墨vijayottara and the 9th century Tantrasadbh腻va.

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渂reath exercises鈥�, according to Abhinavagupta鈥檚 莫艣varapratyabhij帽腻vimar艣in墨 (on the 莫艣varapratyabhij帽腻k腻rik腻 verse 4.16).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭his new, easy [path]鈥�(easy) because it lacks in the (need for) skill in the external and internal exertions (usually required) for the (removal of one鈥檚) afflictions, [practices] such as appropriate conduct [肠补谤测腻] and breath exercises [辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补]鈥攚hich is included in all the secret 艣腻蝉迟谤补蝉, (and) is not well known since it has been concealed from public view, was first explained in the 艣腻蝉迟谤补 (entitled) the 艢ivad峁涐梗峁璱 by the venerable Som腻nanda, our great grand guru鈥�.

context information

Shaiva (啶多�堗��, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: Pur腻峁嘺s

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to the 鈥渨ithholding of the breath鈥� by way of religious austerity. It is used throughout vedic and 辫耻谤腻峁噄肠 literature.

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��).鈥擯r腻峁嘺 means the wind in the body and 腻y腻ma means restraint. 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 means restraining or suspending breath. Spread on the floor a piece of cloth, or animal-skin or Ku艣a grass and sitting on it cross-legged, controlling all actions of the sense-organs and concentrating on one single object do 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 for the purification of the soul. There are three different kinds of 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补s namely Recaka辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, 笔奴谤补办补辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 and Kumbhaka辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补.

Holding the nostrils with the left hand and massaging the belly with the other hand one sends out the air within the belly. It is called Recaka辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补. Doing just the reverse and getting air inside is called 笔奴谤补办补辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补. Then the yog墨 sits, with his belly full of air. Sitting thus without either letting the air out or letting it in is called Kumbhaka辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补. Here the yog墨 sits like a p奴r峁嘺-kumbha (full jar). The body of man is a chariot, the sense organs its horses, mind the charioteer and 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 the whip. (Chapter 373, Agni Pur腻峁嘺).

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to the foremost among the pure activities of the aspirant (蝉腻诲丑补办补), according to the 艢ivapur腻峁嘺 2.5.2 (鈥淭he Prayer of the gods).鈥擜ccordingly, as the Gods eulogized 艢iva: 鈥淸...] Among the Yogas you are the Vyat墨p腻ta; among creepers you are the Soma creeper; among intellectual activities you are the virtuous inclination, among intimate ones you are the wife. Among the pure activities of the aspirant, O great lord, you are 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 [s腻dhak腻n腻峁� 艣uc墨n腻峁� tva峁� pr腻峁嚹鍄腻mo]; among all Jyotirli峁単as you are Vi艣ve艣vara. [...]鈥�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��).鈥擜 s腻dhana for yoga.^*

• * Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 I. 22. 45; V. 10. 15; VI. 7. 40.

1b) Three-fold: its utility; a mode of penance.¹ one of the constituents of Mahe艣vara yoga; ety., the control of 辫谤腻峁嘺 or wind; three ways are distinguished; mandha, madhya and uttama; the 辫谤补尘腻峁嘺 of 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 is 12 尘腻迟谤补蝉; manda is of 12 尘腻迟谤补蝉 as also 耻诲驳丑腻迟腻; madhyama is twice 耻诲驳丑腻迟腻 or 24 尘腻迟谤补蝉; uttama is three 耻诲驳丑腻迟腻s or 36 尘腻迟谤补蝉; uttama produces sveda, kampa and vi峁Ｄ錮a; 辫谤腻峁嘺 is like the cruel wild animal which if tamed becomes soft; if approached direct by yoga, 辫谤腻峁嘺 becomes disciplined in course of time; having controlled the v腻yu one can live as he pleases; there is no sin in his body; 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 is equal to all penances and fruits of 测补箩帽补; all do峁�as become burnt as it were by this practice.² fruits of; 艣腻nti, pra艣腻nti, d墨pti, and 辫谤补蝉腻诲补;³ practice of:鈥�draw in au, pray to sun and moon, and sit in svastika or padma posture; halfshut eyes; look at the tip of the nose a little raising the head, neck and the body; hence tamas and rajas look on satva; attaining this yoga, 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补 to be begun, 尘腻迟谤补鈥拢颈尘颈峁�o苍尘别峁�a鈥�12 尘腻迟谤补蝉.⁴

• 1) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 8. 44; 23. 8; Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 22. 74; Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 227. 37.
• 2) V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 10. 78-92.
• 3) Ib. 11. 4; 18. 17-19.
• 4) Ib. 11. 12-29; 22. 19; 110. 13.

: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to one of the various limbs of Yoga, according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur腻峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥擜ccordingly, the eleventh chapter contains the dialogue of 艢iva and Skanda; the glories of the devotees of 艢iva and the devotion to 艢iva. The systems of Yoga along with its limbs Yama, Niyama, Ahi峁僺腻, Brahmacarya, Aparigraha, Sv腻dh腻ya, Sa峁僼o峁�a, 艢auca, 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 and Sam腻dhi are described while various kinds of impediments to the practice of Yoga and the means of overcoming them are explained in the thirteenth chapter.

context information

The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

: Google Books: Manusm峁泃i with the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补

These breath-suspensions (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补) are of three kinds, named 鈥�Kumbhaka鈥� (total suspension), 鈥�笔奴谤补办补鈥� (inhaling) and 鈥�Recaka鈥� (exhaling). The total suppression of air passing out of the mouth and the nostrils constitutes the (inhalation and suspension); and when the man does not inhale breath but continuously keeps on exhaling, it is called 鈥楻ecaka exhalation.鈥� (See the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补 verse 6.70)

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Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, dharma艣腻蝉迟谤补) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Yoga

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 according to the Ha峁環a Yoga-prad墨pik腻 (chapter IV): 鈥渨hen the brahma-granthi (in the heart) is pierced through by 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, then a sort of happiness is experienced in the vacuum of the heart, and the 补苍腻丑补迟 sounds, like various tinkling sounds of ornaments, are heard in the body鈥�. And further, 鈥渋n the 腻谤补尘产丑补, a Yog墨鈥檚 body becomes divine, glowing, healthy, and emits a divine swell. The whole of his heart becomes void鈥�.

: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

1) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渂reath control鈥�, according to the section on P腻艣upatayoga in the Skandapur腻峁嘺-Ambik腻kha峁囜笉a verse 178.7-8.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭hen, having formed the [hand gesture called] Yogahasta in which the right [hand is placed] on the left, [the Yogin] should have his face slightly tilted down while looking at the tip of his nose, without touching the teeth [of his upper jaw] with those [of the lower], and bringing to mind Brahma [in the form of] the syllable om, the wise [Yogin], who is free from his ego, meditates [thus] after [having performed] breath control (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补)鈥�.

2) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渟topping (the breath)鈥�, according to the P腻ta帽jalayoga艣腻蝉迟谤补 (i.e., the Yoga S奴tras of Pata帽jali) 1.34.鈥擜ccordingly, while discussing 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 and Sam腻dhi: 鈥淥r [stability of mind is attained] through exhalation and retention of the breath鈥�.鈥擺Commentary]鈥斺�淓xhalation is the emission of the abdominal breath through the nostrils with particular care, and retention is stopping (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补) the breath. Through both [of these], one should accomplish stability of mind鈥�.

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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 腻蝉补苍补s (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: ISKCON Press: Glossary

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��, 鈥渂reath control鈥�) used in yoga practice, especially a峁ａ弓腻峁単a-yoga (one of the eight parts of the a峁ａ弓anga-yoga system).

: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥測ogic breathing鈥�. (cf. Glossary page from 艢谤墨尘补诲-叠丑补驳补惫补诲-骋墨迟腻).

: Pure Bhakti: Brahma-samhita

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to鈥擟ontrolling the breathing process.

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Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: academia.edu: The 艢腻rad腻tilakatantra on Yoga

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距え啷嵦｀�嗋く啶距ぎ) refers to 鈥渃ontrol of breath鈥� and is explained by Lak峁�ma峁嘺de艣ika in his 11th-century 艢arad腻tilaka.鈥敱拾�腻峁嚹乱腻尘�� consists basically of inhaling through the left nostril for a duration of sixteen morae, retaining the breath for sixty-four morae and exhaling through the right nostril for thirty-two morae (16cd鈥�18). This practice is gradually lengthened and also done in reverse order (19). 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 accompanied by mantra repetition, etc., is defined as the 鈥渇illed鈥� (sagarbha) 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, while the form involving breathing only is said to be the 鈥渆mpty鈥� (agarbha, vigarbha) 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (20鈥�21ab). The first stage of practice is characterized by sweating, the second by trembling and the third by leaving the ground/levitation (21cd鈥�22). 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补should be practised until the third stage is achieved.

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渞estraining the breaths鈥�, and formed a part of the Navar腻tra Tantric ritual (an autumnal festival of the warrior goddess Ca峁囜笉ik腻).鈥擮n Mah腻峁ａ弓am墨 is the worship of the Nine Durg腻s, [...] restraining the breaths (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补); visualization and self-identification with the deity, rite of the sword in Nepal for powers; animal sacrifice and offering blood from a king鈥檚 arms and offering a human head; worship of weapons; Goddess is believed to morph into a more uncontrollable presence requiring constant placation.鈥擵arious 8th century sources refer to rituals such as 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, for example: Dev墨pur腻峁嘺, K腻lik腻pur腻峁嘺, K峁泃yakalpataru, Durg腻bhaktitara峁単i峁嚹�, Durg腻辫奴箩腻tattva, Durg腻辫奴箩腻viveka, Bhadrak腻l墨mantravidhiprakara峁嘺 in Sanderson (2007); account of the Durg腻 P奴j腻 in Kelomal, West Bengal (Nicholas 2013).

context information

Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣腻kta) or Shaktism (艣腻ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Ganapatya (worship of Ganesha)

: Google Books: Ganapati: Song of the Self

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to the 鈥渂reath control鈥�, representing one of the possible preliminary rites (耻辫补肠腻谤补) of a 辫奴箩腻 (deity worship).鈥擡ach act in a 辫奴箩腻 is not only physical and/or mental, but also symbolic, cosmic, and spiritual. Sprinkling, sipping, and bathing are symbolic of purification, of the worshipped as well as of the worshipper and the surroundings. Various offerings [viz., 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补] symbolize the surrendering of one鈥檚 latent tendencies (惫腻蝉补苍腻) as expressed in thoughts, words, and deeds.

context information

Ganapatya (啶椸ぞ啶｀お啶む�嵿��, 驳腻峁嘺辫补迟测补) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Ganesha is revered and worshipped as the prime deity (ishta-devata). Being a minor though influential movement, Ganapatya evovled, llike Shaktism and Shaivism, as a separate movement leaving behind a large body of literature.

Pancaratra (worship of N腻r腻ya峁嘺)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渂reath-control鈥�, according to the twentieth chapter of the Agastyasa峁僪it腻 (补驳补蝉迟测补-蝉耻墨办峁ａ箛补-蝉补峁僾腻诲补 edition), an ancient P腻帽car腻tra 膧gama text dealing with the worship of R腻ma, S墨t腻, Lak峁�ma峁嘺 and Hanum腻n.鈥擺Cf. the chapter 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补vidhi]:鈥擜gastya continues by saying that, having assumed a posture [腻蝉补苍补], one may practise 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 or breath-control in order to achieve rewards in this world and the next. One should undertake breathing exercises at least five times a day; it is better to do it thirty times, and best to do it forty-five times. So powerful is this exercise in its consequences that one may undertake to do it certain specified numbers of times to atone for misdeeds, etc.; indeed, homa and japa and other things are validated only when 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 is also practised. [...]

2) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渂reath-control鈥� and represents the fourth step of Karma-Yoga, as discussed in chapters 2-3 (Yogap腻da) of the 笔补诲尘补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: the most widely followed of Sa峁僪it腻 covering the entire range of concerns of P腻帽car腻tra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter鈥�箩帽腻苍补, yoga, 办谤颈测腻 and 肠补谤测腻) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.鈥擠escription of the chapter [苍腻岣嵞玸惫补谤奴辫补-办补迟丑补苍补]:鈥擟ontinuing the discussion on the eight steps of yoga, Bhagav腻n declares that 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, the fourth step, is done because by breath-control the internal nerves and veins [苍腻岣嵞�] are purified as are also the various internal vital airs (1-2). Technical details of how this is undertaken, as well as ideological justification for what it does, are given (3-18). The internal cavities, the countless veins [苍腻岣嵞�] and other channels are cleansed by means of placing the five primary vital airs properly (19-38).

3) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to the 鈥渃ontrol of breath鈥�, as discussed in chapter 3 (Kriy腻k腻峁囜笉a) of the 笔腻谤补尘别艣惫补谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: an important P腻帽car腻tra text of 8700 verses followed closely by the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam鈥攄ealing with priestly concerns such as their daily routines, occasional liturgies and expiatory services.鈥擠escription of the chapter [蝉补尘腻诲丑颈-惫测腻办丑测腻苍补]: [...] Control of breath (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补) is then described (90-139); the Lord should be meditated upon during the 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (129-30; 144-5), particularly as embodied in His mantra (尘补苍迟谤腻迟尘补苍, mantradeha) (145-6); and thus through concentration (诲丑腻谤补峁嚹�) he should see steadily the inner effulgence of the all-pervading Lord in his 蝉补尘腻诲丑颈 (178-182). The presence of God鈥檚 (animating) Power is thus needed for this renewed, spiritually-cleansed body. In the human body thus reconstituted and transmuted, he should practice 苍测腻蝉补 (222-230),

context information

Pancaratra (啶�啶距�炧�嵿�氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p腻帽car腻tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) is a Sanskrit word meaning "extension of the 辫谤腻峁嘺 or breath" or, "extension of the life force". The word is composed of two Sanskrit words, Prana, life force, or vital energy, particularly, the breath, and "ay腻ma", to extend or draw out. (Not 'restrain, or control' as is often translated from 'yam' instead of 'ay腻ma'). The origins of this yogic discipline lies in ancient Bharat (India) and what is known as present day Hinduism.

: Yoga Magazine: 1981

Pranayama is an important form of tapasya. When you practise pranayama, yogic heat is created. This heat or fire of yoga helps in the awakening of kundalini. When the mind is possessed by the powerful force of kundalini, it becomes totally stable. This is sattvic tapas, a process whereby you generate physical heat in your body. This heat is vitally important for meditation, but if you practise pranayama without preparation, it will not fulfil this purpose.

: ACHC: Smarta Puja

笔谤腻峁嚹乱补尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶�) refers to the 鈥渂reath control鈥� representing one of the various preparatory rites performed before 辫奴箩腻 (ritualistic worship of a deity) which aim at the purification of the devotee.鈥擟ontrolling the breath while repeating mantras mentally is prescribed for the devotee鈥檚 inner purification.

笔谤腻峁嚹乱补尘补 consists of three stages:

1. inhaling (辫奴谤补办补)
2. holding the breath (kumbhaka)
3. exhaling (recaka).

The mantras prescribed here are:鈥�1. the syllable o峁� (辫谤补峁嘺惫补), which is to be connected with each of the utterances (惫测腻丑峁泃颈) of the names of the seven worlds, 2. the G腻yatr墨 (mantra) (i.e. the S腻vitr墨) 3. the G腻yatr墨siras (mantra). To these mantras the names of their seers, deities, meters and their employment (viniyoga) are prefixed, the knowledge of which is considered indispensable according to the Vedic tradition (following the commentator Saya峁嘺). [...] There are several traditions of connecting the above mentioned mantras with the three stages of 辫谤腻峁嘺yama.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渂reath control鈥� and represents one of six limbs of Yoga to be employed in Uttamasev腻 (excellent worship), according to the Guhyasam腻ja chapter 18.鈥擺...] 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (breath control) is the control of the breathing processby which breath which is of the nature of the five Bh奴tas (elements) and the five kinds of knowledge, and is like a bright gem, is drawn from inside and placed as a lamp at the tip of the nose and is meditated upon.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

General definition (in Buddhism)

: Dharma Inc: Adi-Yoga

The Sanskrit word for yogic breath practice is composed of two roots, 鈥湵璋�腻峁嘺鈥� and 鈥溎鍄腻ma.鈥� Pr腻峁嘺 is the energy of the Universe and is actually what the Universe is made of. Pr腻峁嘺, in our own experience, is the 鈥渓ife-force,鈥� without which the body is dead. 鈥溎�y腻ma鈥� means to expand. Therefore, yogic breath practice is aimed at expanding our life-force energy.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) refers to 鈥渂reath control鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淏reath control (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补) is praised by mendicants, whose own opinions are well-established, for the accomplishment of meditation and for steadiness of the inner self. Therefore, it should be learned directly and before [meditation] by the wise. Otherwise, even a little mastering of the mind cannot be done. It is considered by the teachers of old as threefold in accordance with the difference in characteristics. [...]鈥�.

The three kinds of 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (鈥渂reath-control鈥�) are:

1. inhalation (辫奴谤补办补),
2. holding (kumbhaka),
3. exhalation (recaka).

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

辫谤腻峁嘺y腻ma (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶�啶距ぎ).鈥攎 S Breathing through the nostrils &c. See 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补.

--- OR ---

辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��).鈥攎 S A rite consisting in breathing through the nostrils with certain closings and openings of them during the mental recitation of the names and attributes of some deity. It comprises the operations named kumbhaka, puraka, & 谤脓肠补办补.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��).鈥�m Regulated breathing.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

笔谤腻峁嘺测补尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶�啶�).鈥�= 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距�� (辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补) q. v.

Derivable forms: 辫谤腻峁嘺yama岣� (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶�啶�啶�).

笔谤腻峁嘺测补尘补 is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms 辫谤腻峁嘺 and yama (啶�啶�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��).鈥攎.

(-尘补岣�) Breathing in a peculiar way through the nostrils, during the mental recitation of the names or attributes of some deity; it is differently performed. the Vaidikas or followers of the Veda close the right nostril first with the thumb, and inhale breath through the left, then they close both nostrils, and finally open the right for exhalation; the followers of the Tantras close the left nostril first, and exhale also through it; these operations are severally called 辫奴谤补办补, kumbhaka and recaka E. 辫谤腻峁嘺 breath, 腻 before, yam to restrain, aff. gha帽 .

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��).鈥擺masculine] restraining of breath.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 笔谤腻峁嘺测补尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶�啶�):鈥擺=辫谤腻峁嘺-yama] [from 辫谤腻峁嘺 > pr腻n] m. = 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

2) 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��):鈥擺from 辫谤腻峁嘺 > pr腻n] m. (also [plural]) Name of the three 鈥榖reath-exercises鈥� performed during Sa峁僤hy腻 (See 辫奴谤补办补, recaka, kumbhaka, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 93; Religious Thought and Life in India 402; Monier-Williams鈥� Buddhism 239]), [Kau艣ika-s奴tra; Y腻j帽avalkya; Pur腻峁嘺]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��):鈥擺pr腻峁嚹�+y腻ma] (尘补岣�) 1. m. Breathing in a particular way through the nostrils only, as practised by ascetics.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距��) [Also spelled pranayam]:鈥�(nm) exercising control over the process of breathing, restraining or suspending the breath during the mental recitation of the name of a deity or as a religious or yogic exercise; ~[y腻m墨] one who practises [辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补].

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (嗖�喑嵿舶嗖距玻嗖距帛嗖距��):鈥擺noun] a breathing exercise; regulation of breathing.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

笔谤腻峁嚹乱补尘补 (啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶�):鈥攏. (yoga) breath exercise; restraining the breath; yogic control of the breath;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Yama, Prana.

Starts with: Pranayamadhura, Pranayamalakshana, Pranayamana, Pranayamanirupana, Pranayamapara, Pranayamasana, Pranayamashas, Pranayamashata, Pranayamasthairya, Pranayamasvarupa, Pranayamasvarupa, Pranayamavidhi, Pranayamavyakhya, Pranayamaya, Pranayamopanishad.

Full-text (+250): Pranayamashas, Dravidapranayama, Recaka, Ayama, Ashtanga Yoga, Kumbhaka, Pranayamashata, Yoganga, Pranayamopanishad, Dravida, Pranayamavyakhya, Puraka, Pranayamapara, Shvasaprashvasadharana, Pranayam, Pranayamasthairya, Pavanayogasamgraha, Prashvasa, Hathayoga, Akshepin.

Relevant text

Search found 148 books and stories containing Pranayama, 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, 笔谤腻峁嚹乱补尘补, Pr腻峁嘺y腻ma, 笔谤腻峁嘺测补尘补, Prana-yama, Pr腻峁嘺-yama; (plurals include: Pranayamas, 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补s, 笔谤腻峁嚹乱补尘补s, Pr腻峁嘺y腻mas, 笔谤腻峁嘺测补尘补s, yamas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Yoga-sutras (Ancient and Modern Interpretations) (by Makarand Gopal Newalkar)

S奴tra 2.49 [The definition of 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补] < [Book II - S腻dhana-p腻da]

Part 4 - Scientific Research work carried out by Kaivalyadham < [Relevant research]

S奴tra 2.50-51 [The techniques of 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补] < [Book II - S腻dhana-p腻da]

+ 14 more chapters / show preview

Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra) (by Rama Prasada)

S奴tra 2.51 < [Book 2 - Practice (S腻dhana)]

S奴tra 2.49 < [Book 2 - Practice (S腻dhana)]

S奴tra 2.52 < [Book 2 - Practice (S腻dhana)]

+ 5 more chapters / show preview

Ancient Science of Life

Effects of Various 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Variables < [Volume 36 (issue 2), Oct-Dec 2016]

Bhr腻mar墨 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补's Impact on Pulmonary Function in Teens < [Volume 36 (issue 4), Apr-Jun 2017]

Pranayama and brain correlates < [Volume 11 (issue 1-2), Jul-Dec 1991]

+ 19 more chapters / show preview

Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)

2. Various Processes of Yoga Practice < [Chapter 4]

The philosophy of Yoga (Introduction) < [Chapter 4]

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Hatha Yoga Pradipika

Chapter II - On 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补

Introduction

Chapter IV - On Sam腻dhi

+ 1 more chapters / show preview

Yogashikha Upanishad (critical study) (by Sujatarani Giri)

Part 3.1a - The four classifications of 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 < [Chapter 3 - Yoga艣ikhopani峁�ad and its Nature]

Part 4.4 - 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 (breath control) < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]

Part 2 - Practice of 笔谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补 in Yoga 艢ikha Upani峁�ad < [Chapter 3 - Yoga艣ikhopani峁�ad and its Nature]

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