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Significance of Kapila

Kapila is a significant figure across various philosophical and religious traditions, particularly known for his connection to the Sankhya philosophy. In Jainism, he is recognized both as a sage and a historical figure, while in Vaishnavism, he is associated with teachings that revere Krishna and is mentioned in relation to divine incarnations. Additionally, Kapila is credited as the founder of the Sankhya system, which emphasizes dualism and contributes to Hindu philosophical discourse. His legacy extends to multiple interpretations across different texts and traditions.

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The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Kapila'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Kapila signifies a philosophical school influencing conceptual debates, the family priest of King Mahasammata who pursued asceticism, and the city linked to the Buddha's journey and his meeting with King Suddhodana.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)

(1) The city where the Buddha journeyed to and where he was visited by his father, King Suddhodana.[1]

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) The family priest who was closely associated with King Mahasammata and became an ascetic, seeking transcendent knowledge.[2]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) Another philosophical school or viewpoint that contributes to the discussion of conceptual assertions.[3]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Kapila'

Hinduism Books

Kapila in Hinduism is a revered sage and the propounder of Sankhya philosophy, recognized as an incarnation of Vishnu. He is associated with spiritual elevation, familial lineage, and significant contributions to Hindu thought and philosophy.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) A sage known for philosophical teachings, referenced here as part of those who revere Krishna.[4] (2) A key figure associated with kala incarnations.[5] (3) A sage recognized in this context as one of the prominent figures accompanying Brahma.[6]

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) A figure mentioned as the son of Devahuti, indicating a familial relationship.[7]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Gautami Mahatmya

(1) A tawny-coloured cow of auspicious traits, offered in exchange for the Earth.[8]

From: Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra)

(1) Refers to Kapila Rishi, a sage in Hindu philosophy who is known for expounding the Samkhya school of thought.[9]

From: Garuda Purana

(1) A deity invoked for safeguarding the worldly concerns of life.[10]

From: Vishnu Purana

(1) Vishnu's incarnation who expounds the Sankhya philosophy in a manner reflective of Vaishnava beliefs.[11]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) A revered sage credited with propounding the Sankhya philosophy, recognized for his significant contributions to Hindu thought.[12] (2) A sage who is often refuted by other sages, highlighting the limitations of reasoning.[13]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) This is a name, and the knowledge of Kapila is mentioned, but the author will not justify believing in doctrines of Kapila that are contrary to Scripture, because the passage mentions only the bare name of Kapila.[14]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Another term for tawny, often used to describe certain animals or colors in historical texts.[15]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)

(1) Kapila is considered the founder of the Sankhya school and is recognized as one of the first wise men in Hindu philosophy.[16]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Jain concept of 'Kapila'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Kapila represents multiple interpretations, including a daughter of King Kapila, an intelligent son recognized for his Vedic knowledge, and a significant figure linked to the Sankhya philosophy, known for propagating teachings to disciples like Asuri.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A key figure who made Asuri and others his disciples and is associated with the Sankhya philosophy.[17] (2) The son born to Kapila and Dharanijata, known for his extreme intelligence and learning about the ocean of Vedas.[18] (3) The daughter of King Kapila, who was described as the husband of Vasudeva.[19]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Kapila in local and regional sources

History Books

Kapila is a historical figure associated with the Eastern Chalukyas, highlighting the lineage connections to ancient Indian traditions and emphasizing its cultural significance in regional narratives.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) Kapila is the originator of the psychology and philosophy, which is the oldest rational thought in the world, and is the great father of psychology and philosophy.[20] (2) He is described as a born Siddha, which means he has achieved success, as stated in the text.[21]

From: Triveni Journal

(1) A historical figure mentioned in the context of tracing lineage, tying the Eastern Chalukyas to ancient Indian traditions.[22]

Plural form: Kapilas.