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Significance of Disputation

Disputation, as described in various traditions, refers to formal debates or argumentative discussions that explore philosophical and theological concepts. In Hinduism, it represents the challenges faced by Brahmanas, while in Jainism, it highlights Ardraka鈥檚 formal discussions. Tibetan Buddhism features philosophical debates by Dharmasvamin, and the Purana references these discussions as structured exchanges of differing beliefs. Vedanta sees disputation as debates on Ultimate Reality and Atman, while in Dharmashastra and Theravada, it exemplifies formal arguments in philosophical conflicts.

Synonyms: Debate, Argument, Discussion, Contention, Controversy, Disagreement, Quarrel, Altercation, Conflict, Dispute

In German: Disputation; In Dutch: Dispuut; In Finnish: Kiista; In Spanish: Disputa

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Disputation'

Buddhism Books

Disputation in Buddhism encompasses formal debates, such as conflicts between ascetics and Sariputta, and philosophical discussions exemplified by Dharmasvamin's engagements with scholars, illustrating the tradition's emphasis on dialogue and critical discourse.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)

(1) Philosophical debates that the Dharmasvamin engaged in with various scholars during his studies.[1]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) A formal debate or argument, highlighted through the conflicts between the ascetics and the priest Sariputta.[2]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Disputation'

Hinduism Books

Disputation in Hinduism is characterized as formal debate focused on philosophical or religious ideas, particularly concerning Atman. It reflects differing beliefs, challenges faced by figures like Uddalaka, and the pursuit of understanding Ultimate Reality.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) A formal debate or argument, particularly in a philosophical or religious context, often characterized by a structured exchange of ideas.[3]

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) Argumentative discussions or debates, often arising from differing philosophical beliefs or interpretations.[4]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)

(1) Arguments or debates regarding philosophical positions, particularly concerning the nature of Atman.[5] (2) Arguments or debates, particularly seen as absent in the understanding of the Ultimate Reality according to this text.[6]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) The act of formally arguing or debating over various points of view, often associated with philosophical or theological discussions.[7]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Hinduism (general):

From: Satapatha-brahmana

(1) An argumentative discussion or debate that Uddalaka was drawn into by the fearful Brahmanas, indicative of the spiritual challenge they faced.[8]

Jain concept of 'Disputation'

Jainism Books

Disputation in Jainism could be interpreted as a formal debate, exemplified by Ardraka's discussions, highlighting the importance of dialogue and philosophical inquiry in understanding and sharing Jain concepts.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Sutrakritanga (English translation)

(1) A formal debate or discussion that Ardraka held, which serves as the subject of the lecture.[9]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Plural form: Disputations.