365bet娱乐

[Full title: Arrangement of similar dates (dus mtshungs bsgrigs pa鈥檌 skabs. Chandra 63; Chengdu 96; Roerich 69).].

Further, lha bla ma ye shes 'od invited the East Indian 辫补峁囜笉颈迟补 顿丑补谤尘补辫腻濒补, who had many disciples, such as the three 笔腻濒补蝉鈥�厂腻诲丑耻辫腻濒补, who was the chief among the disciples who expounded and practised the Vinaya, 骋耻峁嘺辫腻濒补, 笔谤补箩帽腻辫腻濒补 and others. Their lineage (brgyud pa) is called the "Upper Vinaya" (stod 'dul ba). Further, in the time of lha sde鈥�厂耻产丑奴迟颈 艢谤墨艣腻苍迟颈, known as the Great Pa峁囜笉ita of 碍补艣尘墨谤补 (kha che pa峁� chen), was invited. He translated many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 and 艣腻蝉迟谤补蝉 belonging to the 笔谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 Class, including the A峁ａ弓as膩hasrik膩 笔谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻,^[1] its commentary,^[2] the 础产丑颈蝉补尘补测腻濒补峁僰腻谤腻峁�墨k腻^[3] and other works.

Numerous learned translators, disciples of the Great Translator (lo chen), translated numerous texts from the Vinaya pi峁璦ka ('dul ba'i sde snod), the 笔谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻, and many Tantric works. In particular dge ba'i blo gros of rma translated numerous texts, including the 笔谤补尘腻峁嘺惫腻谤迟颈办补^[4] , its auto-commentary^[5] , Devendramati鈥檚 (lha dbang blo) commentary^[6] and the commentary by 艢腻办测补尘补迟颈^[7] , and made it into a system through teaching and study. This was the beginning of the spread of the teaching of Logic, which became thus established in the region of dbus and gtsang. During that time, khyung po grags se, famous for his learning, composed numerous treatises on Logic. They are called the "Old 狈测腻测补" (tshad ma rnying ma). Later the translator blo ldan shes rab founded the lineage known as the "New 狈测腻测补" (tshad ma gsar ma). The great 辫补峁囜笉颈迟补 闯帽腻苍补艣谤墨 came to Tibet, without having been invited. Numerous (other) 辫补峁囜笉颈迟补s also came, and made numerous excellent translations (of texts). In the time of king 'od lde, 础迟墨艣补 (jo bo rje) was invited, and reformed the Doctrine.

In the time of the king鈥檚 son rtse lde in the year Fire-Male-Dragon (me pho 'brug鈥�1076 A.D.) most of the great Tripi峁璦kadharas (sde snod 'dzin pa) of dbus, gtsang and khams assembled to a Religious Council (chos 'khor), which became known as the "Council of the Fire-Dragon Year" (me-pho 'brug gi chor 'khor). Each of them set in motion the Wheel of the Doctrine. About that time the zangs dkar lo ts膩 ba translated the 狈测腻测腻濒补峁僰腻谤补 ^[8] .

In general it must be said that the services rendered to the Doctrine by these kings of Upper mnga' ris find no parallel in other countries. Rwa lo ts膩 ba, gnyan lo ts膩 ba, khyung po chos brtson, btsan kha bo che, rngog blo ldan shes rab and mar thung dad pa shes rab attended the Council. Among the lo ts膩 bas dags po dbang rgyal was also present. Btsan kha bo che having studied the "Doctrine of Maitreya" (byams chos) with Sajjana, returned (to Tibet), and great was the benefit. Rwa and gnyan on leaving the Council, proceeded to 狈别辫腻濒 and India. Then having returned to Tibet, they laboured extensively. Dags po dbang rgyal and khyung po grags se held a contest of preaching, having established their residences on the po ta ri and dmar po ri. Monks used to visit the religious schools of both (teachers). Though there exist an account that khyung po had studied the "Old 狈测腻测补", and had left behind numerous disciples, it is not sure whether the "Old 狈测腻测补", which had been studied by him, had not originated from khams or mnga' ris, from a translation of Devendramati鈥檚 commentary by rma lo ts膩 ba. Khyung po seems to have been a contemporary of po to ba.

In general, in the year Iron-Female-Ox (lcags mo glang 821 A.D. Or 881 A.D.), 252 years having passed since the birth of srong btsan sgam po, king ral pa can concluded the treaty with China. In the next Water-Male-Tiger year (chu pho stag鈥�822 A.D. Or 882 A.D.), the Pillar of lha sa (lha sa'i rdo rings) was erected. In the fifteenth year after this Water-Tiger year (chu stag), in the Fire-Male-Dragon year (me pho 'brug鈥�836 A.D. Or 896 A.D.) king ral pa can died. From that year to the year Iron-Female-Hen (lcags mo bya鈥�841 A.D. Or 901 A.D.) dar ma ruled. The Doctrine of  Ordination (rab tu byung ba'i bstan pa) disappeared. This Fire-Male-Ox year (me pho glang鈥�917 A.D. Or 977 A.D.) in the 77th year since the year Iron-Hen (lcag sbya鈥�901 A.D.), when the Doctrine disappeared. Sixty-four years have passed between the next Earth-Male-Tiger (sa pho stag鈥�918 A.D. Or 978 A.D.) and the Iron-Serpent year (lcags sbrul鈥�1041 A.D.), which precedes

础迟墨艣补鈥檚 coming to Tibet in the year Water-Male-Horse (chu pho rta鈥�1042 A.D.).During these years the "Six Men from dbus and gtsang" (dbus gtsang mi drug) propagated widely the Doctrine of Ordination. When 础迟墨艣补 came to Tibet, the disciples of the "Six" khu, rngog and many others were still alive. Thus from the birth of srong btsan sgam po ^[9] 413 years have passed ^[10] . The year Water-Male-Horse (chu pho rta鈥�1042 A.D.) of the coming of 础迟墨艣补 to Tibet, is the 141st year since the disappearance of the Doctrine^[11] . At that time Lord mar pa (rje mar pa) was in his thirty-first year, and 'khon dkon mchog rgyal po in his ninth year. Gzhus and gra pa mngon shes acted as abbots at that time.^[12]

The Vinayadhara of rgya (rgya 'dul ba 'dzin pa) began the study of the Vinaya. Gra pa鈥檚 disciple btsan kha bo che was in his twenty-third year. This was the time of the great disciples of gzhus: the translators leng, 'brog and 'gos, stag lo gzhon tshul, 'bro seng dkar 艢腻办测补 'od, khu dngos grub and gyi jo zla ba'i 'od zer. 'brom died twenty-three years after the coming of 础迟墨艣补 to Tibet^[13] . Bla chen po 'brog mi also passed away about that time. After the death of 'brog mi, rgya gar phyag na came to Tibet. He preached extensively the precepts of the grub snyin (Saraha鈥檚 Doh膩ko峁�a) to twenty-one great scholars and others in Upper gtsang. Soon after the death of 础迟墨艣补, dam pa sangs rgyas came to Tibet, and taught the old tradition of the zhi byed Doctrine to gra pa and Ice dwal sgar pa.

The Kashmirian 厂辞尘补苍腻迟丑补 (zla mgon) also came to Tibet. These two preached and taught the Doctrine of the 碍腻濒补肠补办谤补, Dam pa again returned to India. Having proceeded to sha 'ug stag sgo, he spent three years at snang gro of gnyal. After that he preached the doctrine of the "Middle"Lineage (brgyud. pa bar pa)^[14] to rma, so, skam and others. It seems that about twenty-six years must have elapsed since the death of 础迟墨艣补^[15] . After that (dam pa) proceeded to China, and spent twelve years there. Later he came to ding ri, and for twenty-one years laboured for the benefit of living creatures. During the fortieth year after the death of 础迟墨艣补, the lo ts膩 ba blo ldan shes rab taught the 笔颈峁璦办补 to more thang 23,000 students possessing text books. ^[16] During that period the "Three Cousins"^[17] of the bka' gdams pas, sne'u. Zur ba and others, shar ba pa, glang thangg pa, bya yul pa and others, greatly fostered the bka' gdams pa doctrine.

In the time of blo ldan (blo sdan bstan skyong), the Venerable mid la and dam pa sangs rgyas propagated the practice of the Meditative Lineage (sgrub brgyud). Rngog, father and son, 'tshur dbang nge, mes tshon po dpyale tsa^{[18] [19]} , 'khon dkon mchog rgyal po, father and son, ba ri lo ts膩 ba, rgyus smon lam grags, zangs dkar lo ts膩 ba and brothers, rwa lo, gnyan lo, 'gos, teacher and disciple, mar pa do ba and others taught extensively the Tantras. Ba ri and the Venerable mid la were born in the same year92. When ba ri (rin chen grags) was fifteen, he met 础迟墨艣补^[20] .

Zur chung pa鈥檚 son 艢腻办测补 seng ge of gro phug and his disciple extensively preached the Tantras, belonging to the "Old" class (rnying ma). This was the only time when the Precious Doctrine of the Buddha received its greatest spread. Dpal sgam po pa was born in the year Earth-Female-Sheep (sa mo lug 1079 A.D), twenty-six years after the death of 础迟墨艣补. At first he heard the precepts of the bka' gdams pa sect, but later he attended on the Venerable mid la and practiced many precepts. Having attained the great undefiled wisdom (zag pa med pa'i ye shes, anasr膩va j帽膩ma), he laboured for the benefit of living beings, and became the Leader of the Doctrine in the Meditative Lineage (sgrub brgyud). His disciples were numerous, both in regard to numbers and the excellence of their achievements. The synchronisation of teachers and their dates is to be understood in the above manner.

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

'phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa, Kg. shes phyin, No. 12

[2]:

'grel chen, the 础产丑颈蝉补尘补测腻濒补峁僰腻谤腻濒辞办补, Tg.shes phyin, N0.3791

[3]:

mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan 'grel pa, Tg. shes phyin, N0.3794

[4]:

tshad ma rnam 'grel, Tg.tshad.ma, No. 4210

[5]:

笔谤补尘腻峁嘺惫腻谤迟颈办补v峁泃ti, Tg. tshad ma, N0.4216

[6]:

笔谤补尘腻峁嘺惫腻谤迟颈办补峁�墨k膩, Tg. tshad ma, No. 4217

[7]:

艢腻办测补-blo;笔谤补尘腻峁嘺惫腻谤迟颈办补峁�墨k膩, Tg. tshad ma, No. 4220

[8]:

tshad ma rgyan, Tg. tshad ma, No. 4221

[9]:

to the year 1042 A.D.

[10]:

if calculated from the year 629 A.D.

[11]:

in the Iron-Hen year, which according to the author is the 901 A.D.

[12]:

so that at least ten years must have passed after their ordination, as is the rule in the Vinaya. The last named was the author of the ma ni bka bum.

[13]:

in 1064 A.D.

[14]:

I.e., the zhi byed doctrine.

[15]:

1054+ 26 = c. 1080 A.D.

[16]:

dpe 'grems means a "student possessing a text book." In ancient Tibet only hand written text books were available, and their number was very limited.

[17]:

sku mched gsum po to ba rin chen gsal, spyan snga ba tshul khrims 'bar and phu chu峁� ba gzhon nu rgyal mtshan

[18]:

The Venerable mid la, rngog tshur and mes were known as the "Four Great Pillars of rje mar pa" (rje mar pa'i ka chen bzhi).

[19]:

A.D.

[20]:

in 1054 A.D