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Det Buddhistiska konceptet van 'Onda g盲rningar'

"Ond handling" inom buddhismen, 枚versatt till "onda g盲rningar" eller negativa handlingar, 盲r ett centralt koncept som p氓verkar karma och lidande. Det handlar om handlingar som 盲r skadliga, oavsett om de skadar en 蝉箩盲濒惫, andra eller b氓da ^[1]. Dessa handlingar genererar d氓lig karma, vilket leder till negativa konsekvenser och lidande i nuvarande och framtida liv ^[2]. Det 盲r handlingar som b枚r undvikas f枚r att f枚rhindra negativa karmiska utfall ^[3]. I buddhismen 盲r onda g盲rningar f枚rknippade med d氓liga associationer och kan leda till negativa konsekvenser f枚r alla inblandade ^[4]. Det 盲r viktigt att vara medveten om dessa handlingar, s盲rskilt i samband med andliga 枚vningar, f枚r att undvika negativa resultat ^[5].

I Theravada-buddhismen betonas vikten av att undvika omoraliska och skadliga handlingar ^[6]. Dessa handlingar kan leda till negativa konsekvenser, inklusive 氓迟别谤蹿枚诲别濒蝉别 i l盲gre 惫盲谤濒诲补谤 ^[7]. Handlingar som utf枚rs utan insikt om kamma-lagen kan leda till lidande ^[8]. Onda g盲rningar kan ocks氓 orsakas av akusala citta, vilket resulterar i d氓ligt rykte och f枚rlust av 惫盲苍苍别谤 ^[9]. Det 盲r viktigt att vara uppm盲rksam p氓 vilka konsekvenser ens handlingar f氓r, s盲rskilt de som drivs av illvilja, d氓 dessa kan leda till lidande och d氓liga utfall ^[10]. Det 盲r en 蹿谤氓驳补 om medvetenhet och eftertanke.

M氓nga k盲llor i Theravada beskriver specifika exempel p氓 onda g盲rningar och deras konsekvenser, s氓som d氓liga handlingar som orsakat 氓苍驳别谤 ^[11]. Dessa handlingar kan vara allt fr氓n mord ^[12] till att bete sig oetiskt i en klosterkontext ^[13]. Det 盲r viktigt att f枚rst氓 att onda g盲rningar kan p氓verka ens nuvarande och framtida existens ^[14]. De kan 盲ven leda till en meningsl枚s tillvaro ^[15]. En del handlingar kan leda till 氓苍驳别谤 och lidande, speciellt n盲r de uppt盲cks ^[16].

Inom Mahayana-buddhismen kan onda g盲rningar vara handlingar som leder till negativa konsekvenser och lidande i framtida liv ^[17]. Man kan s枚ka skydd mot dessa handlingar genom tro och offerg氓vor ^[18]. Det 盲r ocks氓 viktigt att vara medveten om att onda handlingar kan uppst氓 fr氓n beg盲r eller oetiskt beteende ^[19]. Inom tibetansk buddhism 盲r m氓let att undvika illvilliga handlingar f枚r att f枚rhindra negativa utfall ^[20]. I vissa fall kan det 盲ven handla om en persons tidigare livs handlingar som p氓verkar nuet ^[21].

I Theravada finns det en stark betoning p氓 att de handlingar man utf枚r i det f枚rflutna kan ha stor p氓verkan p氓 ens nuvarande situation ^[22]. Handlingar som utf枚rs med onda avsikter leder till lidande ^[23]. 脛ven om man inte alltid 盲r medveten om dem, kan onda g盲rningar ha en negativ inverkan ^[24]. Det 盲r d盲rf枚r viktigt att reflektera 枚ver sina handlingar och str盲va efter att undvika de som 盲r skadliga ^[25]. Det 盲r ocks氓 viktigt att komma ih氓g att onda g盲rningar kan leda till negativa 氓迟别谤蹿枚诲别濒蝉别r ^[26].

Det Hinduiska konceptet van 'Onda g盲rningar'

"Ond handling" in the context of Hinduism, often translated as "evil deeds" or "sinful actions," encompasses a wide range of behaviors considered morally wrong, harmful, or detrimental to spiritual growth. In Vaishnavism, these actions are those that one wishes to avoid through divine grace, actions that separate one from the divine. ^{[27] [28]}

Purana texts describe "ond handling" as actions causing pain and negative consequences. ^[29] They lead to a poor reputation and a lower status in the afterlife. ^[30] Actions driven by Darkness are also considered as such, leading to fear. ^[31] Actions performed with malice, such as those of a king's son against his family, are included. ^[32] Sinful actions by Narada and Kamsa also result in negative consequences. ^[33] Actions of ungoverned minds lead to suffering. ^[34] Immoral actions lead to detrimental consequences in this life and the afterlife.

Brahmins committing negative actions can lose their status. Those bereft of fathers and living unvirtuous lives are also considered to be performing "ond handling". ^[35] Violent acts, like Indra's against Diti's unborn child, lead to curses. ^[36] Harmful intentions and actions, like Ravana's after acquiring power, are included. Actions that cause a fall from caste status degrade spiritual standing. Sinful actions from a previous existence lead to current suffering. Wicked actions impact spiritual journey and destiny. Sinful actions lead to suffering and rebirth in lower forms.

The moral failings of Bharata are noted, contrasted with his divine elevation. Malicious actions culminate in suffering and punishment. Sinful actions without moral consideration lead to adverse karmic effects. Actions that lead to spiritual degradation can be eradicated through worship. Actions requiring atonement or redemption are also considered. Sinful actions lead to negative repercussions. Wrongful actions like Baka's result in downfall.

Theft by Shankha is considered a wrongful action. Sinful actions can be absolved through devotion to Krishna. Past actions leading to relationship failures are also included. The actions of opponents or demons are emphasized, contrasting the virtuous and immoral. Morally wrong actions by a king affect his life, ancestors, and future generations. Actions violating moral conduct and harming family are also considered. Wrong actions, tolerated for the welfare of kinsmen, are also mentioned. ^[37]

Unwholesome actions by King Lomapada lead to adverse conditions. ^[38] Actions by Bharata's mother are condemned. ^[39] Immoral actions bring about negative consequences, especially associated with Ravana. ^[40] Malicious actions by Kaikeyi are seen as the root of suffering. ^[41] Actions by Kaikeyi lead to unjust banishment. ^[42] Actions of Asumanjas are compared to Rama's moral character. ^[43] Actions that inflict pain are considered ruthless. ^[44] Killing an ascetic is considered sinful. ^[45] Misdeeds by Shuka are acknowledged as the cause of his tribulations. ^[46] Actions that lead to suffering merit punishment. ^[47] Actions by demons that Rama seeks to punish are also mentioned. ^[48]

Dashagriva was urged to abandon destructive behavior. ^[49] Dhundhukari's sins led to his transformation into a spirit. Evil deeds can lead to curses and undesirable forms. ^[50] Actions by Kaikeyi led to general wrongs and misery. ^[51] Evil deeds lead to misery and woes. ^[52] Actions of the wicked are considered wrong and harmful. ^[53] Morally wrong actions often have negative consequences. ^[54] Khara believes Rama will pay for his actions with his life. ^[55]

In Kavya, wrongful actions bring about negative consequences. ^[56] Actions performed with malicious intent are often associated with characters. Yoga describes these actions as influencing future lives.

Vedanta texts explain how these actions can be removed through knowledge. ^[57] They do not cling to the one who knows Brahman. ^[58] Actions leading to suffering are negative. ^[59] One frees themselves from these at death. ^[60] Actions that produce negative consequences diminish with the knowledge of Brahman. ^[61] Evil deeds and their impact on good deeds are discussed. ^[62] Actions leading to suffering in hells are considered. ^[63] Actions influence the doer and good works. ^[64] Sinful actions lead to negative consequences. ^[65] Actions with negative intent can detract from spiritual duties. ^[66] Individuals seek to detach themselves from these at death. ^[67] Actions that do not affect those with knowledge of Brahman are also mentioned. ^[68] Actions causing harm and negative consequences are discussed. ^[69] A morally wrong action results in negative consequences. ^[70]

Shaivism describes actions that result in lower births. Dharmashastra texts address actions that result in guilt. ^[71] These require atonement. ^[72] Brahmins abstain from these for fulfillment. ^[73] Purification rituals are used for atonement. ^[74] Immoral actions generate guilt, extinguished by Vedic knowledge. ^[75] Improprieties contribute to a king's weakness. ^[76] Forbidden actions are considered morally wrong. ^[77] Immoral actions, including theft, are not legitimate sources of wealth. ^[78] Actions stemming from feelings are classified under "taint". ^[79] Malicious actions by thieves are mentioned. ^[80] Morally wrong actions evoke loathing. ^[81] Negative actions are experienced individually. ^[82] Misconduct results in penalties. ^[83] Wrongful acts affect a person's standing in an ordeal. ^[84] Morally wrong actions typically cause harm. ^[85]

Pancaratra texts focus on actions that hinder spiritual progress and block divine grace. ^[86] Negative actions lead to suffering and lower realms. ^[87] Actions driven by negative intentions result in adverse consequences. ^[88]

Det Jain konceptet van 'Onda g盲rningar'

In jainistisk filosofi 盲r "Ond handling" (onda g盲rningar) handlingar med negativa effekter, som ers盲tter goda g盲rningar n盲r deras effekter 盲r utt枚mda ^[89]. Det handlar om felaktiga handlingar som utf枚rs konsekvent av de okunniga ^[90].

Dessa handlingar leder till underg氓ng och visar att 盲ven h枚gt uppsatta kan drabbas ^[91].

Ett exempel 盲r Pingalas skadliga handlingar i ett tidigare liv som p氓verkar hans nuvarande beslut ^[92]. Dessa 盲r moraliskt felaktiga och skadliga, ofta utf枚rda f枚r personlig vinning ^[93].

De utf枚rs med ondska och anses syndiga och leder till allvarliga konsekvenser i livet efter detta ^[94]. De 盲r ocks氓 k盲nda som ashubha och ackumuleras i arbetsomr氓den ^[95].

Begreppet 'Onda g盲rningar' i lokala och regionala k盲llor

I Indiens historia: Litas hustrus onda handlingar d氓 hon flydde med sin f枚re detta 盲lskare ^[96]. Moralt felaktiga handlingar som bidrar till lidande i nuvarande liv, tillskrivna tidigare karma ^[97].

Or盲ttf盲rdiga handlingar utpl氓nade av en h枚gre makt ^[98]. Immorala handlingar som tigern 氓ngrade och avsade sig efter gudomlig v盲gledning ^[99].