"Lipid-lowering effects of plant seeds, bark, and honey in hyperlipidemic mice"
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Lipid lowering effects of some plant seeds, bark and honey in hyperlipidaemic albino mice
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Bilal Aslam, Muzammal Sattar, Ijaz Javed, Tanweer Khaliq, Asghar Ali, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu , Muhammad Sarfraz
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Lipid lowering effects of some plant seeds, bark and honey in hyperlipidaemic albino mice
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigated the lipid-lowering effects of a mixture containing ajowain, kalonji, daarchini, apple vinegar, and honey in hyperlipidaemic albino mice. Mice were divided into six groups and maintained on different diets for 60 days. The experimental mixture was administered in varying doses to determine its efficacy in reducing serum lipid levels compared to a synthetic cholesterol-lowering drug, Simvastatin.
Cardiovascular Disease and Hyperlipidaemia
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death worldwide, closely linked to hypercholesterolemia, as established by numerous clinical and epidemiological studies. Hyperlipidaemia is characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), with decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholesterol plays an essential role in cell membrane integrity and the synthesis of bile acids and steroid hormones. Effective management of hyperlipidaemia is crucial to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and other cardiovascular events. Statins are the most effective synthetic drugs for reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but they have significant side effects such as myopathy and gastrointestinal disturbances. Natural medicinal plants present safer alternatives with fewer side effects.
Phytochemical Ingredients and Functional Foods
Approximately 2000 medicinal plants contain phytochemical ingredients that address various cardiac issues, including ischemic heart disease and hypercholesterolemia. Functional foods like honey and apple vinegar, rich in antioxidants, are gaining popularity as alternative therapies for managing mildly elevated cholesterol levels. Honey contains essential vitamins and minerals and is rich in antioxidants, which help in reducing oxidative stress. Apple vinegar also contains antioxidants that prevent the formation of oxidized LDL, reducing the risk of vascular injury. Ajowain, daarchini, and kalonji are known for their antioxidant properties that help arrest lipid peroxidation.
Experimental Design and Results
The experimental design involved 150 mice divided into six groups, fed two times daily with water available throughout. An atherogenic diet was provided to all groups except the normal control for the first 15 days to induce hyperlipidaemia. The mixture was administered in three different doses to respective groups, while a synthetic drug, Simvastatin, was given to another group. Blood samples were collected and analyzed to determine lipid profile parameters. The mixture significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol levels while increasing HDL levels. The highest dose of the mixture (3.5 ml/Kg BW) showed lipid-lowering effects comparable to Simvastatin, suggesting the mixture's potential as an effective treatment for hyperlipidaemia.
Conclusion
The study concluded that an atherogenic diet increases serum lipid levels, leading to hyperlipidaemia, which can be effectively reduced by a mixture of ajowain, kalonji, daarchini, apple vinegar, and honey. The mixture, especially at a dose of 3.5 ml/Kg BW, demonstrated lipid-lowering activity similar to Simvastatin, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for treating hyperlipidaemia. Further chemical and pharmacological investigations are recommended to isolate and evaluate these active constituents for use in managing serum lipid levels in humans.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the study's primary objective?
The study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of a mixture containing ajowain, kalonji, daarchini, apple vinegar, and honey in hyperlipidaemic albino mice.
What were the groups and diet regimes used?
Six groups of mice: (I) normal routine feed, (II) untreated atherogenic diet, (III) Simvastatin, and (IV-VI) different doses of the experimental mixture, maintained for 60 days.
What were the significant findings of the study?
The mixture significantly reduced serum lipid parameters like total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol while increasing HDL-cholesterol, similar to the effects of Simvastatin at the dose of 3.5 ml/kg BW.
How did the mixture compare to Simvastatin?
Both the mixture at 3.5 ml/kg BW and Simvastatin showed similar antihyperlipidaemic activity by day 60 in reducing serum lipids and increasing HDL-cholesterol.
What ingredients were in the experimental mixture?
The mixture contained ajowain, kalonji, daarchini, apple vinegar, and honey, known for their antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties.
What future steps did the study suggest?
The study recommends further chemical characterization and pharmacological investigations to isolate and evaluate active constituents for potential use in humans to treat lipid disorders.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for �"Lipid-lowering effects of plant seeds, bark, and honey in hyperlipidemic mice"�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Diet:
The keyword 'Diet' is relevant as the research involves feeding different diets to mice, particularly an atherogenic diet to induce hyperlipidaemia. The study examines how normal feed and atherogenic diets affect lipid levels and measure the impact of various treatments, including plant-based mixtures and simvastatin, on lipid profiles in mice.
2) Post:
The keyword 'Post' pertains to the measurements taken after treatment periods in the experiment. 'Post treatment days' are intervals at which lipid levels in hyperlipidaemic mice are assessed following the administration of the mixture and simvastatin, allowing researchers to evaluate the efficacy of lipid-lowering interventions over time.
3) Honey:
The keyword 'Honey' is notable because it is one of the components of the experimental mixture given to the mice to study its lipid-lowering effects. Honey contains various antioxidants and nutrients, which might contribute to its potential cholesterol-lowering and cardiovascular-protective effects in the hyperlipidaemic mice.
4) Activity:
The keyword 'Activity' refers to the functions or actions of compounds or treatments in pharmacological studies. Specifically, the 'antihyperlipidaemic activity' of the experimental mixture and simvastatin is analyzed to determine their effectiveness in lowering lipid levels in hyperlipidaemic mice over a 60-day period.
5) Drug:
The keyword 'Drug' in this context primarily refers to the synthetic cholesterol-lowering drug Simvastatin, which is used as a treated control for comparison with the experimental mixture of plant-based ingredients and honey. The study compares the lipid-lowering efficacy of the drug with the mixture.
6) Agriculture:
The keyword 'Agriculture' is relevant as the study was conducted by researchers from the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. It highlights the institution's role in advancing research in physiology and pharmacology and its involvement in examining the effects of agricultural products on health.
7) Pharmacology:
The keyword 'Pharmacology' signifies the branch of medicine focused on the study of drug action. Researchers from the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology conducted the study to explore the effects of a herbal mixture on lipid levels, evaluating its potential as an alternative to synthetic drugs like simvastatin.
8) Coconut (Cocoanut):
The keyword 'Coconut' pertains to one of the components in the atherogenic diet used to induce hyperlipidaemia in mice. Coconut oil was included in the diet to elevate lipid levels, aiding the researchers in creating a hyperlipidaemic model for testing the lipid-lowering effects of the experimental mixture and simvastatin.
9) Blood:
The keyword 'Blood' is relevant as lipid profile parameters in the study are determined using blood samples from the mice. Blood samples were collected, clotted, and centrifuged to measure serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, providing data for evaluating treatment efficacy.
10) Discussion:
The keyword 'Discussion' denotes the section of the research article where the data is interpreted, analyzed, and compared to existing studies. The discussion explains the significance of the results, the potential mechanisms of action of the treatments, and their implications for managing hyperlipidaemia.
11) Flavonoid:
The keyword 'Flavonoid' refers to a type of antioxidant compound found in plants. The study mentions that several ingredients in the experimental mixture contain flavonoids, which may contribute to the observed lipid-lowering effects due to their role in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and providing cardiovascular protection.
12) Sindhu (Simdhu):
The keyword 'Sindhu' is relevant because Zia-ud-Din Sindhu is one of the co-authors of the study. Associated with the Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, his contribution highlights the interdisciplinary collaboration within the university to study the effects of the experimental mixture on lipid levels.
13) Cancer:
The keyword 'Cancer' is discussed in the text to emphasize the comparative importance of cardiovascular diseases. It is noted that coronary heart disease causes significantly more deaths worldwide compared to cancer, indicating the critical need for effective treatments for hyperlipidaemia to reduce cardiovascular risks.
14) Nausea:
The keyword 'Nausea' is mentioned as one of the side effects associated with synthetic statin drugs like simvastatin. Identifying side effects such as nausea underscores the necessity for safer, effective alternative treatments, marking the relevance of the study's focus on plant-based mixtures for lipid lowering.
15) Water:
The keyword 'Water' refers to the provision of drinking water for mice throughout the study. Ensuring that water was available ad libitum (24 hours a day) is crucial for maintaining the health and normal physiological functions of the mice while they were on their respective diets and treatments.
Other Science Concepts:
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